work

Question 1

what is work

Answer 1

defines as the ourspoeful activity or effort of using tools and materials to make or create something meaningful

Question 2

what is the purpose of work

Answer 2

the purpose of work is to not only shape the individual’s social positions but the character of society itself

Question 3

mental labour

Answer 3

abstract and conceptual

Question 4

physical labour

Answer 4

concrete and practical

Question 5

to do labour implies..

Answer 5

implies to not only do hard work but to toil and heavy back breaking work which is not in the workers control

Question 6

how did Marx view work

Answer 6

Marx viewed work as a universal condition for human existence, he saw work as first and necessary historical act

Question 7

fordism

Answer 7

conceptualised as mass production and mass consumption

Question 8

labour process

Answer 8

refers to the combination of workers and machinery organised in production in order to produce a useful commodity

Question 9

what was the negative impact of fordism

Answer 9

hugely increased rate of repetitive work it demanded resulted in fatigue, stress etc.

Question 10

functional flexibility

Answer 10

the range of skills that workers have differ

Question 11

temporal flexibility

Answer 11

shift differences between workers

Question 12

wage flexibility

Answer 12

various different amounts and types of pay

Question 13

numerical flexibility

Answer 13

companies can be flexible in the amount of people that they employ

Question 14

precariat

Answer 14

emerging class that are characterised by chronic insecurity, detached from old forms of labour and the working class

Question 15

define citizenship

Answer 15

a status bestowed on those who are full members of a community

Question 16

civil rights

Answer 16

right to life, equality before the law

Question 17

cultural rights

Answer 17

rights to individuals to choose culture, including language and non discrimination

Question 18

political rights

Answer 18

right to vote, stand in elections, etc

Question 19

social rights

Answer 19

right to adequate standard of living, social protection, safety, housing and education

Question 20

economic rights

Answer 20

right to practice occupation, right to economic resources

Question 21

denizens

Answer 21

an individual that lacks rights

Question 22

what are 4 ways people become denizens

Answer 22

1. migration
2. criminalisation
3. deprived of rights through legal process
4. not conforming to materialistic norms

Question 23

what is the 1st way that the precariat emerges

Answer 23

relations of production, people living through insecure jobs throughout the country

Question 24

2nd way the precariat emerges

Answer 24

distinctive relations to remuneration, access to social income, no income from profits or rent

Question 25

3rd way the precariat emerges

Answer 25

distinctive relations to the state

Question 26

4th way the precariat emerges

Answer 26

lack of occupational identity, source of frustration and alienation

Question 27

5th way of precariat emerges

Answer 27

hustle orientated

Question 28

6th way the precariat emerges

Answer 28

should not be seen solely as a victim or vulnerable

Question 29

7th way the precariat emerges

Answer 29

have low social mobility

Question 30

8th way the precariat emerges

Answer 30

over qualification for jobs

Question 31

9th way the precariat emerges

Answer 31

subject to combinations of forms of insecurity, rely on wages, do not get paid holidays

Question 32

10th way the precariat emerges

Answer 32

combination of poverty traps , exploitations and coercion outside the workplace

Question 33

7 types of new class structure

Answer 33

1. the elite
2. salariat
3. proficians
4. proletariat
5. precariat
6. the unemployed
7. the underclass

Question 34

what’s the 1st type of labour regime in SA

Answer 34

colonial labour regime, characterised by coercion, force and violence.

Question 35

2nd type of labour regime in SA

Answer 35

statist developmental labour regime, the workplace and national economy was characterised by authoritarian state, which placed an active role in the economy

Question 36

3rd type of labour regime in SA

Answer 36

economic liberalisation, a shift from social/state regulation towards free market regulation

Question 37

issues with unions in SA

Answer 37

1. economic liberalisation
2. weak economies
3. union party relations
4. labour relations forum
5. loss of union leadership to party, politics and civil service