the development project

Question 1

industrialism

Answer 1

produced new class inequalities within each society but colonialism radicalised international inequalities

Question 2

explain the colonial division of labour

Answer 2

colonial division of labour developed European capitalist civilisation while also undermining non European cultures and ecologies

Question 3

developmental modernity

Answer 3

the idea that societies evolve in stages through processes

Question 4

development project

Answer 4

political and intellectual response to the condition of the world at the historic moment of decolonialisation

Question 5

what were the characteristics of the development project

Answer 5

1. nation state was the framework if the development project
2. economic growth was thy ‘yardstick’ of development
3. non western countries were seen to be playing ‘catch up’ with the west

Question 6

what do dependency theorists say create poverty

Answer 6

dependency theorists state that economic growth in the advances capitalist countries caused poverty in 3rd world countries

Question 7

what do marxists say about poverty

Answer 7

marxists focus their attention on class structure in poor countries

Question 8

what is the modernisation theory

Answer 8

economic, social and political development in 3rd world countries

Question 9

what is the essence of a traditional society

Answer 9

the essence is that it is unchanging and stagnant

Question 10

what does the term capital mean and what constitutes capital

Answer 10

the term capital is reserved for the means of production that were previously produced. It includes factories, machines, tools, or things like highways, trucks and airplanes

Question 11

how do modernisation theorists see poverty

Answer 11

they view the poverty and backwardness of 3rd world countries as failure of these societies to kindle the same creativity as 1st world countries

Question 12

what’s the 1st stage of Rostow’s stages of development

Answer 12

1. the traditional society, most of society living in a traditional way, at subsistence level

Question 13

2nd stage of Rostow’s stages of development

Answer 13

2. balance of the traditional society is challenged, there is an opportunity for change

Question 14

3rd stage of Rostow’s stages of development

Answer 14

3. resistance to steady growth are overcoming there becomes an increase in economic growth

Question 15

4th stage of Rostow’s stages of development

Answer 15

4. this is when the state becomes an active participant in international markets, exporting and exporting goods

Question 16

5th stage of Rostow’s stages of development

Answer 16

5. the age of mass consumption

Question 17

what do dependency theorists say about underdevelopment

Answer 17

they say that underdevelopment is a process, it is not a failure to develop. but an active process of impoverishment

Question 18

what is the reason for underdevelopment in 3rd world countries according to dependency theorists

Answer 18

3rd world countries were forced into low wage occupations to produce goods to export to rich countries

Question 19

how do dependenct theorists see industrialisation

Answer 19

they see 3rd world countries that went from agriculture to industrialisation as being subservient to rich countries

Question 20

what is the consequence of industrial expansion

Answer 20

often massive unemployment, an increase in urban poverty, and even greater gap between rich and poor countries

Question 21

explain the circular trap

Answer 21

export prices are low because wages in the 3rd world countries are low. prices of industrial goods are rising because wages in the rich countries are high and rising

Question 22

what are the 3 types of freedom according to the dependency theory

Answer 22

1. national freedom
2. freedom from hunger, disease and poverty
3. personal freedom from the individual

Question 23

what are ujamaa villages

Answer 23

ujamaa villages are socialist organizations created by the people and governed by those who work on them

Question 24

what characteristics do developed countries have

Answer 24

1. all industrialised
2. greater part of the working population is engaged in industry rather than agriculture, most wealth comes out of mines, factories, etc.

Question 25

how can the concept of a developmental state be defined by mkandawire

Answer 25

defined in terms of ideological commitment to economic growth and development and the state capacity to promote it

Question 26

how was economic development defined in African Countries

Answer 26

economic development was defined by the imperial or colonial authorities that controlled much of the continent

Question 27

explain neocolonialism

Answer 27

colonial powers made sure they maintained some kind of leverage over the new states through aid and trade arrangements

Question 28

developmentalism

Answer 28

successful promotion of economy

Question 29

flag independence

Answer 29

gaining sovereignty but having severe limitations in the capacity and autonomy to exercise the sovereignty

Question 30

how do developmental states derive their legitimacy

Answer 30

derive their legitimacy from economic development, and other sources such as democratic elections or the protection of human rights

Question 31

what is the 1st weakness of state development in African countries

Answer 31

1. unequal distribution of the benefits of growth among and within African countries, basic needs were not met

Question 32

2nd weakness of stat development in African countries

Answer 32

2. failure to export manufactured goods

Question 33

3rd weakness of state development in African countries

Answer 33

failure to transform agriculture

Question 34

4th weakness of state development in African countries

Answer 34

failure to encourage a domestic entrepreneurial class

Question 35

what is the impossibility thesis

Answer 35

drawn from the contrast between the experience of African states and he experience of the Asian tigers. African countries cannot achieve what the Asian countries did

Question 36

what is development according to sen

Answer 36

sen defines development as expanding the real freedoms that people enjoy

Question 37

what are the conditions for development according to sen

Answer 37

the removal of major sources of unfreedoms, such as poverty, discrimination, neglect of public facilities, poor economic opportunities

Question 38

free agency

Answer 38

a constitutive part of development

Question 39

what’s the connection between freedoms and Gross National Product

Answer 39

narrower views of development focus on GNP and industrialisation are components to development

Question 40

what’s the connection between capita per income and freedoms

Answer 40

dissonance between income per head and the freedom of people to live long and well

Question 41

what is the connection between markets and development

Answer 41

1.freedom of exchange acknowledged for its contribution to economic growth and development
2. freedom to enter markets

Question 42

death of kader Mia

Answer 42

economic unfreedom can make a person vulnerable to the violation of other freedoms

Question 43

what are instrumental freedoms

Answer 43

political, social, economic, protective security