Words Not Built From Word Parts (All Weeks) Flashcards
Abrasion
Scraping away of the skin by mechanical process or injury
Abscess
Localized collection of pus
Acne
Inflammatory disease of the skin involving the sebaceous glands and hair follicles
Actinic Keratosis
Precancerous skin condition of horny tissue formation that results from excessive exposure to sunlight. It may evolve into a squamous cell carcinoma
Albinism
Congenital hereditary condition characterized by partial or total lack of pigment (melanin) in the skin, hair, and eyes
Alopecia
Loss of hair
Bacteria
Single-celled microorganisms that reproduce by cell division and may cause infection by invading body tissue
Basal Cell Carcinoma (BCC)
Malignant epithelial tumor arising from the bottom layer of the epidermis called the basal layer, it seldom metastasizes, but invades local tissue, and may recur in the same location. Common in individuals who have had excessive sun exposure
Candidiasis
Infection of the skin, mouth (also called thrush), or vagina caused by the yeast-type fungus
Carbuncle
Infection of skin and subcutaneous tissue composed of a cluster of boils, caused by staphylococcal bacteria
Cauterization
Destruction of tissue with a hot or cold instrument, electric current, or caustic substance (cautery)
Cellulitis
Inflammation of the skin and subcutaneous tissue caused by infection; characterized by redness, pain, heat, and swelling
Cicatrix
Scar
Contusion
Injury with no break in the skin; characterized by pain, swelling, and discoloration (bruise)
Cryosurgery
Destruction of tissue by using extreme cold, often by using liquid nitrogen
Cyst
Closed sac containing fluid or semisolid material
Cytomegalovirus (CMV)
Herpes-type virus that usually causes disease when the immune system is compromised
Debridement
Removal of contaminated or dead tissue and foreign matter from an open wound
Dermabrasion
Procedure to remove skin scars with abrasive material, such as sand paper
Diaphoresis
Sweating
Ecchymosis
Escape of blood into the skin causing a small, flat, purple, or blue discoloration
Eczema
Noninfectious, inflammatory skin disease characterized by redness, blisters, scabs, and itching
Edema
Puffy swelling of tissue from the accumulation of fluid
Erythema
Redness
Excision
Removal by cutting
Fissure
Slit or cracklike sore in the skin
Fungus
Organism that feeds by absorbing organic molecules from its surroundings and may cause infection by invading body tissue
Furuncle
Painful skin nodule caused by staphylococcal bacteria in a hair follicle (boil)
Gangrene
Death of a tissue caused by loss of blood supply followed by bacterial invasion (form of necrosis)
Herpes
Inflammatory skin disease caused by herpes virus characterized by small blisters in clusters
Impetigo
Superficial skin infection characterized by pustules and caused by either staphylococci or streptococci
Incision
Surgical wound or cut produced by a sharp instrument
Incision and Drainage (I&D)
Surgical cut made to allow the free flow or withdrawal of fluids from a lesion, wound, or cavity
Induration
Abnormal hard spot(s) or area of skin; may include underlying tissue
Infection
Invasion of pathogens in body tissue
Jaundice
Condition characterized by a yellow coloring of the skin, mucous membranes, and sclera (icterus)
Kaposi Sarcoma
Cancerous condition starting as purple or brown papules on the lower extremities that spreads through the skin to the lymph nodes and internal organs; seen with AIDS
Keloid
Overgrowth of scar tissue
Laceration
Torn, ragged-edged wound
Laser Surgery
Procedure using an instrument that emits a high powered beam of light used to cut, burn, vaporize, or destroy tissue
Lesion
Any visible change in tissue resulting from injury or disease, includes sores, wounds, ulcers, and tumors
Leukoplakia
Condition characterized by white spots or patches on mucous membrane, which may be precancerous
Macule
Flat, colored spot on the skin
Mohs Surgery
Technique of microscopically controlled serial excisions of a skin cancer
MRSA Infection
Invasion of body tissue by methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus, bacteria with a resistance to methicillin and antibiotics. Can produce skin and soft tissue infections and sometimes bloodstream infections and pneumonia
Nevus
Circumscribed malformation of the skin, usually brown, black, or flesh colored (mole)
Nodule
Small, knotlike mass that can be felt by touch
Pallor
Paleness
Papule
Small, solid skin elevation
Pediculosis
Invasion into the skin and hair by lice
Petechia
Pinpoint skin hemorrhage
Pressure Injury
Damage of the skin and the subcutaneous tissue caused by prolonged pressure, often occurring in bedridden patients. Can present as intact skin or open ulcer(decubitus ulcer, pressure ulcer, or bedsore)
Pruritus
Itching
Psoriasis
Chronic skin condition producing red lesions covered with silvery scales
Purpura
Small hemorrhages in the skin giving a purple-red discoloration
Pustule
Elevation of skin containing pus
Rosacea
Chronic disorder of the skin that produces erythema papules, pustules, and abnormal dilation of tiny blood vessels
Scabies
Skin infection caused by the itch mite, papule eruptions
Scleroderma
Disease characterized by chronic hardening of the connective tissue of the skin and other body organs
Squamous Cell Carcinoma (SCC)
Malignant growth developing from scalelike epithelial tissue of the surface layer of the epidermis
Suturing
To stitch edges of a wound surgically
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE)
Chronic inflammatory disease involving the skin, joints, kidneys, and nervous system
Tinea
Fungal infection of the skin, may infect keratin of the skin, hair, and nails (ringworm = general) (tinea pedis = athlete’s foot)
Ulcer
Erosion of the skin or mucous membrane
Urticaria
Itchy skin eruption composed of wheals of varying sizes and shapes, sometimes associated with infections and allergic reactions to food, medicine, or other agents (hives)
Verruca
Circumscribed cutaneous elevation caused by a virus (wart)
Vesicle
Small elevation of the epidermis containing liquid (blister)
Virus
Minute microorganism with the ability to replicate only within living host cells, may cause infection by invading body tissue
Vitiligo
White patches on the skin caused by the destruction of melanocytes
Wheal
Transitory, itchy elevation of the skin with a white center and red surrounding area (hive)
Acid-Fast Bacilli Smear (AFB)
Test performed on sputum to determine the presence of acid-fast bacilli, cause tuberculosis
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS)
Respiratory failure as a result of disease or injury, respiratory failure in adults
Adenoids
Lymphoid tissue located on the posterior wall of the nasal cavity (pharyngeal tonsils)
Airway
Passageway by which air enters and leaves the lungs as well as a mechanical device used to keep the air passageway unobstructed
Alveoli
Air sacs at the end of the bronchioles, where carbon dioxide and oxygen are exchanged
Arterial Blood Gases (ABGs)
Test performed on arterial blood to determine levels of oxygen, carbon dioxide, and pH
Asphyxia
Deprivation of oxygen for tissue use; suffocation
Aspirate
To withdraw fluid or suction fluid; also to draw foreign material into the respiratory tract
Asthma
Respiratory disease characterized by coughing, wheezing, and shortness of breath, caused by constriction and inflammation of airways that is reversible between attacks
Auscultation
The act of listening through a stethoscope for sounds within the body which are abnormal and that suggest abnormalities or disease
Bronchioles
Smallest subdivision of the bronchial tree
Bronchoconstrictor
Agent causing narrowing of the bronchi
Bronchodilator
Agent causing the bronchi to widen
Bronchus (bronchi)
One of two branches from the trachea that conducts air into the lungs, where it divides and subdivides, branching resembles a tree (bronchial tree)
Chest Computed Tomography (CT) Scan
Computerized radiography images of the chest performed to diagnose tumors, abscesses, and pleural effusion
Chest Radiograph (CXR)
Radiographic image of the chest performed to evaluate the lungs and the heart (Chest X-ray)
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)
Progressive lung disease obstructing air flow, makes breathing difficult, most is a result from cigarette smoking
Coccidioidomycosis
Fungal disease affecting the lungs and sometimes other organs of the body (Valley Fever)
Crackles
Discontinuous sounds heard primarily with a stethoscope during inspiration that resemble the sound of the rustling of cellophane (rales)
Croup
Condition resulting from acute obstruction of the larynx, barking cough, hoarseness, stridor
Cystic Fibrosis (CF)
Hereditary disorder of the exocrine glands characterized by excess mucus production in the respiratory tract, pancreatic deficiency
Deviated Septum
One part of the nasal cavity is smaller because of malformation or injury of the nasal septum
Diaphragm
Muscular partition that separates the thoracic cavity from the abdominal cavity, aids in breathing process by contraction and pulling air in, then relaxing and pushing air out
Epiglottis
Flap of cartilage that automatically covers the opening of the larynx and keeps food from entering the larynx during swallowing
Epistaxis
Nosebleed (Rhinorrhagia)
Hyperventilation
Ventilation of the lungs beyond normal body needs
Hypoventilation
Ventilation of the lungs that does not fulfill the body’s gas exchange needs
Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis (IPF)
Chronic progressive lung disorder characterized by increasing scarring, reduces capacity of lungs, lung transplants if severe, no cure
Influenza (Flu)
Highly contagious and often severe viral infection of the respiratory tract
Larynx
Location of the vocal cords. Air enter from the pharynx (voice box)
Lung Ventilation/Perfusion Scan (VQ Scan)
Two nuclear scan tests, one to measure air flow throughout the lungs, and one to measure circulation to all areas of the lungs
Lungs
Two spongelike organs in the thoracic cavity. Right lung consists of three lobes and the left consists of two lobes
Mediastinum
Space between the lungs, contains the heart, esophagus, trachea, great blood vessels, and other structures
Mucopurulent
Containing both mucus and pus
Mucus
Slimy fluid secreted by the mucous membranes
Nasal Septum
Partition separating within the cranial bones that open into the nasal cavities
Nebulizer
Device that creates a mist used to deliver medication for giving respiratory treatment
Nose
Lined with mucous membrane and fine hairs; it acts as a filter to moisten and warm the entering air
Nosocomial Infection
An infection acquired during hospitalization
Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA)
Repetitive pharyngeal collapse during sleep, leads to transient periods of apnea (absence of breathing); can produce daytime drowsiness and elevated blood pressure
Paranasal Sinuses
Air cavities within the cranial bones that open into the nasal cavities
Paroxysm
Periodic, sudden attack
Patent
Open, the opposite of closed or compromised, thus allowing passage of air
Peak Flow Meter (PFM)
Portable instrument used to measure air flow early in forced exhalation; monitor asthma and adjust medication accordingly
Percussion
The act of tapping of a body surface to determine the density of the part beneath by the sound obtained
Pertussis
Highly contagious bacterial infection of the respiratory tract characterized by an acute crowing inspiration (whooping cough)
Pharynx
Serves as a food passageway. Food enters the (throat)
Pleura
Double-folded serous membrane covering each lung and lining the thoracic cavity with a small space between, pleural cavity, which contains serous fluid
Pleural Effusion
Fluid in the pleural space caused by a disease process or trauma
PPD Skin Test
Test performed on individuals who have recently been exposed to tuberculosis (TB skin test)
Pulmonary Edema
Fluid accumulation in the alveoli and bronchioles, manifestation of heart failure
Pulmonary Embolism (PE)
Matter foreign to the circulation, carried to the pulmonary artery and its branches, blocks circulation to the lungs, can be fatal if of sufficient size or number
Pulmonary Emphysema
Loss of elasticity of the alveoli resulting in distention causing stretching of the lung, body does not receive enough oxygen
Pulmonary Function Tests (PFTs)
Group of tests performed to measure breathing capacity and used to determine external respiratory function
Pulse Oximetry
Noninvasive method of measuring oxygen in the blood by using a device that attaches to the fingertip
Rhonchi
Low-pitched, with a snoring quality, breath sounds heard with a stethoscope suggesting secretions in the large airways
Sputum
Mucous secretion from the lungs, bronchi, and trachea expelled through the mouth
Sputum Culture and Sensitivity (C&S)
Used to identify the pathogen present and causing the infection, used to identify an antibiotic that will provide the most effective treatment
Stethoscope
Instrument used to hear internal body sounds; used for performing auscultation and blood pressure measurement
Stridor
Harsh, high-pitched breath sound heard on inspiration; indicates an acute laryngeal obstruction
Thorax
Chest, part of the body between the neck and the diaphragm encased by ribs. Thoracic cavity is the hollow space between the neck and diaphragm
Tonsils
Lymphoid tissue located on the lateral wall at the junction of the oral cavity and oropharynx
Trachea
Passageway for air to the bronchi from the larynx (windpipe)
Tuberculosis (TB)
Infectious bacterial disease, commonly spread by inhalation of small particles and usually affecting the lungs, may spread to other organs
Upper Respiratory Infection (URI)
Infection of the nasal cavity, pharynx, or larynx, usually caused by a virus (cold)
Ventilator
Mechanical Device used to assist with or substitute for breathing
blood urea nitrogen (BUN)
blood test that measures the amount of urea in the blood.
catheter
flexible, tube like device, such as a urinary catheter, for withdrawing or instilling fluids
creatinine
blood test that measures the amount of creatinine in the blood.
distended
stretched out
electrolytes
minerals in the body, such as sodium and potassium that carry an electrolyte charge, electrolyte balance is necessary for the body to function normally and is maintained by the kidneys
enuresis
involuntary urination
episadias
congenital defect in which the urinary meatus is located on the upper surface of the penis
extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy
noninvasive surgical procedure to crush stones in the kidney or ureter by administration of repeated shockwaves.
fulguration
destruction of living tissue with an electric spark
hemodialysis
procedure for removing impurities from the blood because of an inability of the kidneys to do so
hypospadias
congenital defect in which the urinary meatus is located on the underside of the penis; a similar defect can occur in the female
incontinence
inability to control the bladder or bowels
KUB (kidney, ureter, and bladder)
simple radiographic image of the abdomen. used to view the kidneys, ureters, and bladder to determine, size, shape, and locations.
micturate
to urinate or avoid
nephron
urine producing microscopic structure. approx 1 million nephrons are located in each kidney
peritoneal dialysis
procedure of removing toxic waste when the kidney is unable to do so
polycystic kidney disease
condition in which the kidney contains many cysts and is enlarged
renal calculus
stone in the kidney
renal failure
loss of kidney function resulting in its inability to remove waste products from the body and maintain electrolyte balance
renal hypertension
elevated blood pressure resulting from kidney disease
renal transplant
surgical implantation of a donor kidney into patient with inadequate renal function
specific gravity
test performed on a urine specimen to measure the concentrating or diluting ability of the kidneys
stricture
abnormal narrowing; such as a urethral stricture
urinal
receptacle for urine
urinalysis
examination of urine provides screening for blood, glucose, protein, and other substances in the urine
urinary catheterization
passage of a catheter into the urinary bladder to withdraw urine
urinary tension
abnormal accumulation of urine in the bladder because of an inability to urinate
urinary suppression
sudden stoppage of urine formation
urinary tract infection
infection of one or more organs of the urinary tract
urodynamics
pertaining to the force and flow of urine within the urinary tract
void
to empty or evacuate waste material, especially urine
ERECTILE DSYFUNCTION (ED)
THE INABILITY OF THE MAL TO ATTAIN OR MAINTAIN AN ERECTION SUFFICIENT TO PERFROM SEXUAL INTERCOURSE (IMPOTENCE)
HYDROCELE
FLUID FILLED SAC AROUND THE TESTICLE; CAUSES SCROTAL SWELLING
PHIMOSIS
A TIGHTNESS OF THE PREPUCE (FORESKIN OF THE PENIS) THAT PREVENTS ITS RETRACTOIN OVER THE GLANS PENIS; IT MAY BE CONGENITAL OR A RESULT OF BALANITIS. CIRCUMCISION IS THE USUAL TREATMENT
PRIAPISM
PERSISTENT ABNORMAL ERECTION OF THE PENIS ACCOMPANIED BY PAIN AND TENDERNESS
PROSTATE CANCER
CANCER OF THE PROSTATE GLAND, USUALLY OCCURING IN MEN MIDDLE AGED AND OLDER
SPERMATOCELE
DISTENTION OF THE EPIDIDYMIS CONTAINING AN ABNORMAL CYST-LIKE COLLECTION OF FLUID AND SPERM CELLS; MAY CAUSE SCROTAL SWELLING
TESTICULAR CANCER
CANCER OF THE TESTICLE, USUALLY OCCURING IN MEN 15 TO 35 YEARS OR AGE
TESTICULAR TORSION
TWISTING OF THE SPERMATIC CORD CAUSING DECREASED BLOOD FLOW TO THE TESTIS; OCCURS MOST OFTEN DURING PUBERTY AND OFTEN PRESENT WITH A SUDDEN ONSET OF SEVERE TESTICULAR OR SCROTAL PAIN. BECAUSE OF LACK OF BLOOD FLOW TO THE TESTIS, IT IS CONSIDERED A SURGICAL EMERGENCY
VARICOCELE
ENLARGED VEINS OF THE SPERMATIC CORD; MAY CAUSE SCROTAL SWELLING
ABLATION
DESTRUCTION OF ABNORMAL OR EXCESSIVE TISSUE BY MELTING, VAPORIZING OR ERODING
CIRCUMCISION
SURGICAL REMOVAL OF THE PREPUCE (FORESKIN); ALL OR PART OF THE FORESKIN MAY BE REMOVED
ENUCLEATION
EXCISION OF A WHOLE ORGAN OR MASS WITHOUT CUTTING INTO IT
HYDROCELECTOMY
SURGICAL REMOVAL OF A FLUID-FILLED SAC AROUND THE TESTICLE CAUSING SCROTAL SWELLING (HYDROCELE)
LASER SURGERY
USE OF A FOCUSED BEAM OF LIGHT TO EXCISE OR VAPORIZE ABNORMAL TISSUE AND TO CONTROL BLEEDING; USES A VARIETY OF NON-INVASIVE AND MINIMALLY INVASIVE PROCEDURES. TWO COMMON TYPES TYPES OF LASER SURGERY USED TO TREAT BPH ARE HOLMIUM LASER ENUCLEATION OF THE PROSTATE GLAND (HOLEP) AND PHOTOSELECTIVE VAPORIZATION OF THE PROSTATE GLAND (PVP)
MORCELLATION
CUTTING AND GRINDING SOLID TISSUE INTO SMALLED PIECES FOR REMOVAL
MRI ULTRASOUND FUSION BIOPSY
COMBINATION OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING WITH TRANSRECTAL ULTRASOUND (TRUS) TO OBTAIN A TISSUE FROM A PROSTATE LESION. (aka: MRI-TRUS fusion, MR-ultrasound fusion, and fusion guided biopsy)
ROBOTIC SURGERY
USE OF SMALL SURGICAL INSTRUMENTS ATTACHED TO A COMPUTER AND OPERATED BY THE SURGEON FROM A CONSOLE SEVERAL FEET FROM THE OPERATING TABLE
TRANSURETHRAL INCISION OF THE PROSTATE GLAND (TUIP)
SURGICAL PROCEDURE THAT WIDENS THE URETHRA BY MAKING A FEW SMALL INCISIONS IN THE BLADDER NECK AND PROSTATE GLAND. NO PROSTATE TISSUE IS REMOVED.
TRANSURETHRAL MICROWAVE THERMOTHERAPY (TUMT)
TREATMENT PROCEDURE THE ELIMINATES EXCESS TISSUE PRESENT IN BENIGN PROSTATIC HYPERPLASIA BY USING HEAT GENERATED BY MICROWAVE
TRANSURETHRAL RESECTION OF THE PROSTATE GLAND (TURP)
SURGICAL REMOVAL OF PIECES OF THE PROSTATE GLAND TISSUE BY USING AN INSTRUMENT INSERTED THROUGH THE URETHRA. THE CAPSULE IS LEFT INTACT; USUALLY PERFORMED WHEN THE ENLARGED PROSTATE GLAND INTERFERES WITH URINATION
MULTIPARAMETRIC MRI
MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGIN PROCEDURE PROVIDING INFORMATION OF ANATOMIC STRUCTURE AND PHYSIOLOGY FOR THE STAGING OF PROSTATE CANCER. IT USES A COMBINATION OF DIFFERENT MRI MODALITIES TO BETTER UNDERSTAND THE SIZE AND EXTENT OF PROSTATE TUMORS
TRANSRECTAL ULTRASOUND (TRUS)
ULTRASOUND PROCEDURE USED TO DIAGNOSE PROSTATE CANCER. SOUND WAVES ARE SENT AND RECEIVED BY A TRANSDUCER PROBE THAT IS PLACED INTO THE RECTUM
PROSTATE- SPECIFIC ANTIGEN (PSA)
BLOOD TEST THAT MEASURES THE LEVEL OF PROSTATE SPECIFIC ANTIGEN IN THE BLOOD. ELEVATED TEST RESULTS MAY INDICATE THE PRESENCE OF PROSTATE CANCER, URINARY OR PROSTATIC INFECTION, OR EXCESS PROSTATE TISSUE, AS FOUND IN BENIGN PROSTATIC HYPERPLASIA OR PROSTATITIS
SEMEN ANALYSIS
MICROSCOPIC OBSERVATION OF EJACULATED SEMEN, REVEALING THE SIZE, STRUCTURE, AND MOVEMENT OF SPERM; USED TO EVALUATE MALE INFERTILITY AND TO DETERMINE THE EFFECTIVENESS OF A VASECTOMY (ALSO CALLED SPERM COUNT AND SPERM TEST)
DIGITAL RECTAL EXAMINATION (DRE)
PYSICAL EXAMINATION IN WHICH THE HEALTHCARE PROVIDER INSERTS A GLOVED FINGER INTO THE RECTUM AND PALPATES THE PROSTAE THROUGH THE RECTAL WALL TO DETERMINE THE SIZE, SHAPE AND CONSISTENCY OF THE GLAND; USED TO SCREEN FOR BPH AND PROSTATE CANCER. BPH USUALLY PRESENTS AS A UNIFORM, NONTENDER ENLARGEMENT, WHEREAS CANCER USUALLY PRESENT A STONY HARD NODULE.
ACQUIRED IMMUNODEFICIENCY SYNDROME (AIDS)
ADVANCED, CHRONIC IMMUNE SYSTEM SUPPRESSION CAUSED BY HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS (HIV) INFECTIONS, (SUCH AS CANDIDIASIS AND TUBERCULOSIS), NEUROLOGIC DISEASE (PERIPHERAL NEURPATHY AND COGNTIIVE MOTOR IMPAIRMENT) AND SECONDARY NEOPLASMS (KAPOSI SARCOME)
ARTIFICIAL INSEMINATION
INTRODUCTION OF WASHED AND CONCENTRATED SPERM INTO THE FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE TRACT; USED A S TREATMENT FOR INFERTILITY
AZOOSPERMIA
LACK OF LIVE SPERM IN THE SEMEN
CHLAMYDIA
SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED, CAUSED BY THE BACTERIUM C. TRACHOMATIS; SOMETIMES REFERRED TO AS A SILET STD BECAUSE MANY PEOPLE ARE NOT AWARE THEY HAVE THE DISEASE
COITUS
SEXUAL INTERCOURSE BETWEEN MALE AND FEMALE
CONDOM
COVER FOR THE PENIS WORN DURING COITUS TO PREVENT CONCEPTION AND THE SPREAD OF SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASE
EJACULATION
EJECTION OF SEMEN FROM THE MALE URETHRA
GENITAL HERPES
SEXAULLY TRANSMITTED DISEASE CAUSED BY HERPES SIMPLEX VIRUS TYPE 2
GONORRHEA
SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASE CAUSE BY A BACTERIAL ORGANISM THAT INFLAMES THE MUCOUS MEMBRANES OF GENITOURINARY TRACT
HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS (HIV)
SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASE CAUSED BY A RETROVIRUS THAT INFECTS T-HELPER CELLS OF THE IMMUNE SYSTEM; MAY ALSO BE ACQUIRED IN UTERO OR TRANSMITTED THROUGH INFECTED BLOOD VIA NEEDLE SHARING.
HUMAN PAPILLOMAVIRUS (HPV)
SEXUALLY TRANSMITED DISEASED CAUSED BY VIRAL INFECTION; THERE ARE MORE THAN 40 TYPES OF HPV THAT CAUSE BENIGN OR CANCEROUS GROWTHS IN MALE AND FEMALE GENITALS (genital warts)
INFERTILITY
REDUCED OR ABSENT ABILITY TO ACHIEVE PREGNANCY; GENERALLY DEFINED AFTER ONE YEAR OF FREQUENT, UNPROTECTED COITUS; MAY RELATE TO MALE OR FEMALE
ORGASM
CLIMAX OF SEXUAL STIMULATION
PUBERTY
PERIOD WHEN SECONDARY SEX CHARACTERISTICS (SUCH AS PUBIC AND ARMPIT HAIR, DEEPENING OF VOICE IN MEN, BREAST DEVELOPMENT IN WOMEN, ETC.) DEVELOP AND THE ABILITY TO REPRODUCE SEXUALLY BEGINS
SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASE
INFECTION SPREAD THROUGH SEXUAL CONTACT. CAUSE DAMAGE TO REPRODUCTIVE ORGANS AND POTENTIALLY SERIOUS HEALTH CONSEQUENCES IF LEFT UNTREATED(ALSO VENEREAL DISEASE)
STERILIZATION
PROCEDURE THAT PREVENTS PREGNANCY, EITHER THE ABILITY OF THE FEMALE TO CONCEIVE OR THE MALE TO INDUCE COMPETITION
SYPHILIS
INFECTION CAUSED BY THE BACTERIUM TREPONEMA PALLIDUM. RAPIDLY SPREADS THROUGHOUT THE BODY, AND IF UNTREATED BECOMES SYSTEMIC AND CAN PROGRESS THROUGH 3 STAGES BY LATENT PERIODS. USUALLY SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED, BUT MAY BE ACQUIRED IN UTERO AND BY DIRECT CONTACT WITH INFECTED SKIN
TRICHOMONIASIS
SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASE CAUSED BY A ONE CELL ORGANISM TRICHOMONAS. IT INFECTS THE GENITOURINARY TRACT. MEN MAY BE ASYMPTOMATIC OR MAY DEVELOP URETHRITIS, AN ENLARGED PROSTATE GLAND, OR EPIDIDYMITIS. WOMEN MAY HAVE VAGINAL ITCHING, DYSURIA, AND VAGINAL OR URETHRAL DISCHARGE
adenomyosis
growth of endometrium into the muscular portion of the uterus
breast cancer
malignant tumor of the breast
cervical cancer
malignant tumor of the cervix, which progresses from cervical dysplasia to carcinoma. Its cause links to HPV infection
endometrial cancer
malignant tumor of the endometrium (also called uterine cancer)
fibrocystic breast changes (FCC)
fibrosis, benign cysts and pain or tenderness in one or both breasts; thought to be caused by monthly hormonal changes (also called fibrocystic breasts; formerly called fibrocystic breast disease)
ovarian cancer
malignant tumor of the ovary
pelvic inflammatory disease (PID)
inflammation of some or all of the female pelvic organs; can be caused by many different pathogens. If untreated, the infection may spread upward from the vagina involving the uterus, uterine tubes, ovaries and other pelvic organs. An ascending infection may result in infertility and, in acute cases, fatal septicemia
polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)
condition typically characterized by hormonal imbalances, ovulatory dysfunction and multiple ovarian cysts; symptoms can include irregular menstruation, acne, excess facial and body hair and infertility. People with this condition have increased risks of cardiovascular disease, obesity and glucose intolerance
toxic shock syndrome (TSS)
severe illness characterized by high fever, rash, vomiting, diarrhea and myalgia, followed by hypotension and in severe cases, shock and death; usually affects menstruating women using tampons. Caused by STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS and STREPTOCOCCUS PYOGENES
uterine fibroid
benign tumor of the uterine muscle (also called myoma of the uterus or leiomyoma)
uterine prolapse
downward displacement of the uterus into the vagina
vesicovaginal fistula
abnormal opening between the vagina and the urinary bladder
anterior & posterior colporrhaphy (A&P repair)
surgical repair of a weakened vaginal wall to correct a cystocele (protrusion of the bladder against the anterior wall of the vagina) and a rectocele (protrusion of the rectum against the posterior wall of the vagina)
conization
surgical removal of a cone-shaped area of the cervix; used in the treatment of noninvasive cervical cancer. Types include loop electrosurgical excision (LEEP), cryosurgery (cold knife conization) and laser ablation (also called biopsy)
dilation and curettage (D&C)
surgical procedure to widen the cervix and remove contents from the uterus using a curette, an instrument for scraping or suctioning; the procedure can be diagnostic or therapeutic
endometrial ablation
procedure to destroy or remove the endometrium by use of laser, electrical or thermal energy; used to treat abnormal uterine bleeding
laparoscopy
visual examination of the abdominopelvic cavity, accomplished by inserting a laparoscope through a tiny incision near the umbilicus. Numerous female reproductive system surgeries are performed with this technique (also called laparoscopic surgery)
myomectomy
excision of a uterine fibroid
sentinel lymph node biopsy
injection of blue dye and/or radioactive isotope used to identify the sentinel lymph node(s), the first in the axillary chain and most likely to contain metastasis of breast cancer. The nodes are removed and microscopically examined. If the nodes closest to the cancer (called “sentinel nodes”) are negative additional nodes are not removed
stereotactic breast biopsy
technique that combines mammography and computer-assisted biopsy to obtain tissue from a breast lesion
tubal ligation
surgical closure of the uterine tubes for sterilization; tubes may be cut and tied (ligated), cut and cauterized, or closed off with a clip, clamp, ring or band (also called tubal sterilization and female surgical sterilization)
uterine artery embolization (UAE)
placement of small gelatin beads into the uterine arteries to stop blood flow supplying uterine fibroids or to stop severe hemorrhage after childbirth; performed by an interventional radiologist (also called uterine fibroid embolization when used to treat uterine fibroids)
transvaginal sonography (TVS)
ultrasound procedure that uses a transducer placed in the vagina to obtain images of the ovaries, uterus, cervix, uterine tubes and surrounding structures; used to diagnose masses such as ovarian cysts or tumors, to monitor pregnancy and to evaluate ovulation for the treatment of infertility
CA-125 test
blood test primarily used to monitor treatment for ovarian cancer and to detect recurrence once treatment is complete. A protein that is found on the surface of most ovarian cancer cells is released into the bloodstream. Elevated amounts in the blood may indicate the presence of ovarian cancer
Pap test
cytological study of cervical and vaginal secretions to detect abnormal and cancerous cells; primarily used for cervical cancer screening (also called Papanicolaou test; formerly call Pap smear)
anovulation
absence of ovulation
contraception
intentional prevention of conception
dyspareunia
difficult or painful intercourse
fistula
abnormal passageway between two organs or between an internal organ and the body surface
hormone replacement therapy (HRT)
replacement of hormones, estrogen and progesterone to treat symptoms associated with menopause
menopause
cessation of menstruation, usually around the ages of 48 to 53 years; may be induced at an earlier age surgically (bilateral oophorectomy) or medically (side effect of chemotherapy treatment)
oligoovulation
infrequent ovulation
ovulation
release of an ovum from a mature graafian follicle
premenstrual syndrome (PMS)
syndrome involving physical and emotional symptoms occurring up to 10 days before menstruation. Symptoms include nervous tension, irritability, mastalgia, edema and headache
prolapse
displacement of an organ or anatomic structure from its normal position (also called ptosis)
speculum
instrument for opening a body cavity to allow visual inspection
rectouterine pouch
an extension of the peritoneal cavity between the rectum and back wall of the uterus
