Words II Flashcards
Icon
a symbolic picture; a statue; something seen as representative of a culture or movement
ICON
image, idol
Iconic
being representative of a culture or movement
Iconoclast
a person who attacks cherished beliefs or institutions, one who attacks established beliefs; one who tears down images, one who opposes established beliefs, customs, and intuitions
Iconoclastic
characterized by attack on cherished belief or institutions
Iconology
symbolism
Ideological
based on or relating to a system of ideas and ideals, especially concerning economic or political theory and policy
IDIO
one’s own
Idiom
a language, dialect, or style of speaking particular to a people
Idiosyncrasy
a mode of behavior or way of thought peculiar to an individual, peculiarity of temperament; eccentricity
Idiot
an utterly stupid person
Ignoramus
a person lacking knowledge, uninformed
Illegible
not clear enough to read
Illuminate
to supply or brighten with light
Illusion
something that deceives by producing a false impression of reality
Illustrate
to make intelligible with examples or analogies
Illustrious
highly distinguished
Imbed
fix an object firmly and deeply in a surrounding mass. Implant an idea or feeling within something else so it becomes an ingrained or essential characteristic of it
Imbibe
to absorb or assimilate ideas or knowledge. To drink alcohol
Imbroglio
an extremely confused, complicated or embarrassing situation
Imbue
inspire or permeate with (a feeling or quality)
Immediate
nearest; having nothing in between
Imminent
about to occur; impending
Immobilize
prevent something or someone from moving or operating as normal
Immoral
not moral; evil
Immortal
not subject to death
Immovable
incapable of being moved; unyielding
Immutable
unchangeable; invariable
Impact
the action of one object coming forcibly into contact with other. The effect or influence of one person, thing or action on another
Impartial
not partial or biased; just
Impasse
a situation in which no progress is possible, especially because of disagreement, a deadlock, showing or feeling no emotion
Impecunious
having no money, penniless
Impede
delay or prevent (someone or something) by obstructing them; hinder, to retard progress by means of obstacles of hindrances
Impel
to force; to drive forward
Imperious
assuming power or authority without justification, arrogant and domineering
Imperturbable
not capable of being disturbed
Imperturbation
freedom from agitation, calmness, quietude
Impervious
impossible to penetrate; incapable of being affected
Impetuous
acting or done quickly and without thought or case, characterized by sudden or rash action or emotion, quick to act without thinking
Impinging
have an effect or impact, especially a negative one. Advance over an area belonging to someone or something else; encroach
Implacable
unable to be calmed down or made peaceful, unable to be placated, unable to be pleased
Implement
an instrument, tool, or utensil for accomplishing work
Implicate
to show to be involved, usually in an incriminating manner
Implicit
not expressly stated, implied
Import
to bring in from a foreign country
Importune
harass someone persistently for or to do something. Approach someone to request or offer sexual services, prostitute, to urge or press with excessive persistence
Imposed
force something unwelcome or unfamiliar to be accepted or put in place. Forcibly put a restriction in place. Exert firm control over. Require a duty, charge or penalty to be undertaken or paid
Impoverish
to deplete
Impugn
dispute the truth, validity or honestly of a statement or motive, call into question, to challenge as false
Impurity
the quality or conditions of being impure. A constituent which impairs the purity of something
Impute
represent something, especially something undesirable as being done, caused or possessed by someone, attribute
IN/IM
in, into (often the m is dropped and the first letter to which i is prefixed is doubled)
IN/IM
not, without (often the m is dropped and the first letter to which I is prefixed is doubled)
Inaccessible
unable to be reached. Unable to be used. Difficult to understand or appreciate
Inactive
not active
Inadvertent
unintentional
Inadvertently
without intention, accidentally
Inamorata
a female lover
Inanimate
not alive, especially not in the manner of animals and humans. Showing no signs of life, lifeless
Inaugurated
become or introduce a system, policy or period. Admit someone formally to public office. Mark the beginning of first public use of an organization or public
Incandescent
glowing with heat, shining
Incantation
the chanting of words purporting to have magical power
Incarnate
given a bodily especially a human form
Incarnation
a being invested in a bodily form
Incentive
that which incites action
Incessant
without stop
Inchoate
just begun and so not fully formed or developed, rudimentary, not fully formed; disorganized
Incidence
the occurrence, rate or frequency of a disease, crime or something else undesirable
Incipient
in an initial stage, beginning to happen or develop
Incision
a cut, gash, or notch
Incisive
penetrating, cutting
Incognito
with one’s name or identity concealed
Incomprehensible
not able to be understood; not intelligible
Incongruent
incompatible
Incongruous
not in harmony or keeping with the surroundings of other aspects of something
Inconsistencies
the fact or state of being inconsistent. An inconsistent element or an instance of being inconsistent
Incorporation
combining into a single body
Increase
to make something greater in any respect
Incredible
unbelievable
Increment
something added or gained; an addition or increase
Incubate
to sit upon for the purpose of hatching
Inculpate
to charge with fault
Incumbent
holding an indicated position
Incursion
a hostile entrance into a place especially suddenly
Indelible
impossible to erase, lasting
Indicate
point out, show. Be a sign or symptom of. Admit to or state briefly
Indigenous
native, innate, natural
Indigent
poor, needy, lacking in what is needed
Indispensable
absolutely necessary, essential or requisite
Indisputable
unable to be challenged or denied
Indoctrinate
to imbue a person with learning
Indolence
state of being lazy, slothful, showing a disposition to avoid exertion
Indolent
wanting to avoid activity or exertion, lazy
Indubitable
impossible to doubt, unquestionable
Induce
to lead or move by influence
Induct
to install in a position with formal ceremonies
Ineffable
too great for description in words; that which must not be uttered
Ineptitude
lack of skill or ability
Inert
lacking the ability or strength to move. Lacking vigor
Inevitable
impossible to be avoided; certain to happen
Inexorable
impossible to stop or prevent
Infallible
incapable of being wrong or being deceived
Infatuated
swept up in a fit of passion, impairing one’s reason
Infer
deduce or conclude information from evidence and reasoning rather than from explicit statements
Inferior
lower in rank, status or quality. Of low standard of quality
Infidel
disbeliever in the supposed true religion
Infinite
boundless, endless
Infinitesimal
infinitely or very small
Inflame
to set on fire
Inflect
to change or vary pitch of
Influx
the act of flowing in; inflow
Infringe
to break or violate a law, etc
Infusion
the act of permeating or steeping; liquid extract so obtained
Ingenious
of a person clever, original and inventive. Of a machine or idea cleverly and originally devised and well suited to its purpose, showing innocence or childlike simplicity
Ingest
take food, drink or another substance into the body by swallowing or absorbing it
Ingratiate
to bring oneself into favor
Inherent
involved in the constitution or essential character of something
Inhibit
hinder, restrain or prevent an action or process. Make someone self-conscious and unable to act in a relaxed and natural way
Inhibited
unable to act in a relaxed and nature way because of self-consciousness or mental restraint
Inimical
hostile, unfriendly, tending to obstruct or harm. Unfriendly, hostile
Iniquity
gross injustice, wickedness, immoral or grossly unfair behavior
Inject
to place quality etc. where needed in something
Injunction
a command; an act of enjoying
Injurious
causing or likely to cause damage or harm. Libelous
Innocent
uncorrupted by evil, malice or wrongdoing
Innocuous
harmless, not harmful or injurious
Innovate
to begin or introduce something new
Inquisitive
given to research, eager for knowledge
Inscrutable
impossible to understand or interpret
Insensate
without feeling or sensitivity
Insidious
intended to entrap or beguile; lying in wait to entrap, proceeding in a gradual, subtle way, but with harmful effects
Insinuate
to introduce in sneaky or winding ways
Insipid
lacking flavor. Lacking vigor or interest. tasteless
Insolence
rude and disrespectful behavior
Insolent
boldly rude or disrespectful
Insomnia
inability to sleep
Insomniac
a person who suffers from the inability especially when chronic to obtain sufficient sleep
Insult
to treat with contemptuous rudeness
Insurgent
rising up in revolution; rushing in
Insurrection
rising up in armed rebellion
Intact
untouched; whole
Intangible
unable to be touched
Intelligentsia
intellectuals or highly educated people as a group, especially when regarded as possessing culture and political influence
Intelligibly
capable of being understood, an intelligible set of directions
Intemperate
having or showing a lack of self-control; immoderate. Given to or characterized by excessive indulgency, especially in alcohol
Intentionally
deliberately; on purpose
INTER
between, among
Interdict
to forbid; prohibit
Interim
a temporary or provisional arrangement; meantime
Interloper
one who intrudes in the domain of others
Intermediate
in the middle
Intermittent
occurring at irregular intervals; not continuous or steady, stopping and starting at intervals, stopping or ceasing for a time
Interregnum
a period between kings, a period when normal government is suspended, especially between successive reigns or regimes
Interrogable
not comparable
Interrogate
to ask questions of, especially formally
Interspace
to scatter here and there
Interstate
connecting or jointly involving states
Interstice
an intervening space, especially a very small one
Intervene
to come between disputing factions, mediate
Intimidate
to strike fear into; to make fearful
Intonation
the rise and fall of the voice in speaking. The action of intoning or reciting in a singing voice
Intoxication
being poisoned; drunkenness, the state of being intoxicated, especially by alcohol
INTRA
inside, within
Intractable
hard to control or deal with. Difficult or stubborn
Intramural
within a school, inside a city
Intransigent
refusing to agree or compromise, uncompromising; refusing to be reconciled
Intransigent
unwilling or refusing to change one’s views or to agree about something
Intrastate
within a state
Intravenous
inside the veins
Intrinsic
belonging to a thing by its very nature
Introvert
a person concerned primarily with inner thoughts and feelings, a shy, reticent person. A person predominately concerned with their own thoughts or feelings than with external things
Inundate
to flood, to overwhelm; to cover with water
Inure
accustom someone to something, especially something unpleasant
Invalid
having no force or strength; void
Inveigh
speak or write about something with great hostility
Invidious
of an action or situation likely to arouse or incur resentment or anger from others. Of a comparison or distinction unfairly discriminating, unjust
Invoke
to call on a deity
Irascible
easily made angry, having or showing a tendency to be easily angered
Irascibly
prone to outbursts of temper, easily angered
Isolate
to set apart from others
It’s
the contraction of “it is” or “it has”
IT/ITER
way, journey
Itinerant
traveling from place to place
Itinerary
travel plans
Itinerate
traveling
Its
a personal pronoun that shows possession
JECT
to throw, to throw down
Jingoism
extreme patriotism, especially in the form of aggressive or warlike foreign policy
JOC
joke
Jocose
giving to joking; playful
Jocular
fond of or characterized by joking, humorous or playful, in a joking manner; funny
Jocund
merry, cheerful
JOIN/JUG/JUNCT
to meet, to join
Joke
a witticism: a humorous anecdote; something funny
JOUR
day
Journal
a record of one’s days
Journey
a trip (originally a day’s travel)
JUD
to judge
Judas
a peephole in a door
Judiciary
a system of courts; members of a court system
Judicious
having good judgement
Junction
the act of joining; combining; a place where multiple paths join
Junta
a group of military officers who join together to run a country; a council
JUR
law, to swear
Jurisprudence
a system of law; knowledge of law
JUV
young
Juvenile
young, immature
Juvenilia
writings or art produced in one’s youth
Juxtapose
to place close together or side by side
Kismet
destiny, fate
Kleptomania
a recurrent urge to steal, typically without regard for need or profit
Knell
the sound of a bell, especially when rung solemnly for a death or funeral
Labyrinth
a complicated irregular network of passages or paths in which it is difficult to find one’s way, a maze
Lackadaisical
lacking enthusiasm and determination, carelessly lazy
Lackluster
lacking brilliance or radiance
Laconic
of a person, speech or style of writing using very few words, using few words
Lambaste
criticize someone or something harshly
Lament
a passionate expression of grief or sorrow, to express sorrow, to grieve
Lamented
a conventional way of describing someone who has died or something that has been lost or that has ceased to exist. Lament is to mourn a person’s loss or death
LANG/LING
tongue
Language
a system of usually spoken communication
Languid
of a person, manner or gesture displaying or having a disinclination for physical exertion or effort, slow and relaxed. Weak or faint from illness or fatigue
Largess
generosity in bestowing money or gifts upon others
Lassitude
a state of physical or mental weariness, lack of energy
Laud
praise a person or their achievements highly, especially in a public context, to give praise; to glorify
LAUD
praise, honor
Laudable
praiseworthy
Laudatory
expressing praise, of speech or writing expressing praise and commendation
Lauded
highly praised or admired
Laundry
items to be, or that have been washed
LAV/LAU/LU
to wash
Lavatory
a room with equipment for washing hands and face
Lavish
to give unsparingly; extremely generous or extravagant
Lax
loose; undisciplined
LAX/LEASE/LES
loose
Laxative
medicine or food that loosens the bowels
Lead
to act as a leader, to go first, or to take a superior position
League
an association, a group of nations, teams, etc. that have agreed to work for a common cause
Lease
to rent out that is to let something loose for others’ use
Leash
a cord used to hold an animal while giving it some freedom to run loose
LEC/LEG/LEX
to read, to speak
LECT/LEG
to select, to choose
Lectern
a reading desk
Lecture
an instructional speech
Led
past tense of “lead”
Legend
a story, a written explanation of a map or illustration
Legible
readable
Legitimate
conforming to the law or the rules
Lent
to have granted to someone the use of something on the understanding that it shall be returned. To allow a person or organization to use something under an agreement to pay it back
Lesson
instruction originally part of a book or oral instruction to be studied and repeated to a teacher
Lethargic
acting in an indifferent or slow, sluggish manner, affected by lethargy, sluggish and apathetic
Lethargy
a lack of energy and enthusiasm
LEV
to lift, to rise, light weight
Levee
an embankment against river flooding
Levitate
to raise in the air or cause to rise
Levity
humor or frivolity, especially the treatment of a serious matter with humor or in a matter lacking due respect, humor, frivolity, gaiety
Lexicographer
a writer of dictionaries
Lexicon
a dictionary
LI/LIG
to tie, to bind
Liable
legally responsible, bound by law
Liaison
a connection, one who serves to connect
LIBER
free
Liberal
generous, giving away freely, willing to respect or accept behavior or opinions different from one’s own, open to new ideas, favoring policies that are socially progressive and promote social welfare
Liberality
generosity
Liberate
set free
Libertine
a person, especially a man, who behaves without moral principles or a sense of responsibility especially in sexual matters. Freethinking, one who follows one’s own path without regard for morals or other restrictions
Liberty
freedom
Libidinous
showing excessive sexual drive, lustful
Licentious
promiscuous and unprincipled in sexual matters. Disregarding accepted rules or conventions
Lien
the right to hold a property due to an outstanding debt
Ligament
a band holding bones together; a bond
Ligature
a connection between two letters; a bond
Limpid
of a liquid free of anything that darkens, completely clear
Linguistics
the study of language
LITH
stone
Lithography
a printing process that originally involved writing on a flat stone
Lithology
the study of rocks and stones
Lithotomy
an operation to remove stones from the body
Livery
uniform; an emblem indicating an owner or manufacturer (originally an allowance of food or other provisions given to servants)
Loathing
a feeling of intense dislike or disgust, hatred
LOC/LOG/LOQU
word, speech, thought
Locomotion
moving from place to place; the ability to do so
Loose
free, to set free, not tight
Loquacious
talkative, tending to talk a great deal, talkative
Lose
to become without
LUC/LUM/LUS
light (brightness)
Lucid
clear and easily understood, easily understood, intelligible, expressed clearly, easily to understand. Bright or luminous
LUD/LUS
to play
Ludicrous
ridiculous, laughable, so foolish, unreasonable, or out of place as to be amusing, ridiculous
Lugubrious
looking or sounding sad and dismal
Lull
calm or send to sleep, typically with soothing sounds or movements
Luminous
bright, brilliant, glowing
Macabre
disturbing and horrifying because of involvement with or depiction of death and injury
Machiavellian
cunning, scheming, and unscrupulous, especially in politics
Macro
broad, large, a single computer command that executes a longer set of commands
MACRO
great, long
Macrobiotics
a system intended to prolong life
Macrocephalous
having a large bed
Macrocosm
the universe, a large system that is reflected in at least one of its subsets
Macroscopic
large enough to be visible to the naked eye
MAG/MAI/MAX
big, great
Magisterial
having or showing great authority. Domineering; dictatorial
Magnanimous
generous in forgiving an insult or injury, especially toward a rival or less powerful person
Magnate
a powerful or influential person, a wealthy and influential person, especially in business
Magnify
make something appear larger than it is, especially with a lens or microscope, to increase the apparent size of
Magniloquent
using high-flown or bombastic language
Magnitude
greatness of size, extent or dimensions, the great size or extent of something. Great importance. Size
Magnum opus
a large and important work of art, music, or literature especially one regarded as the most important work of an artist or writer
Magnum
a wine bottle of twice the standard size
Mainstay
a person or thing on which something else is based or depends. A stay that extends from the maintop to the foot of the foremast of a sailing ship
MAL/MALE
bad, ill, evil, wrong
Maladroit
clumsy; tactless
Malady
a disorder or disease of the body
Malapropism
humorous misuse of a word, the mistaken use of a word in place of a similar sounding one, often with unintentionally amusing effect
Malediction
a curse
Malevolent
characterized by or expressing bad will, having or showing a wish to do evil to other
Malfeasance
misconduct or wrongdoing often committed by a public official
Malfunction
failure to function properly
Malic
involved in and especially catalyzing a reaction in which malic acid participates
Malicious
full of or showing malice
Malign
to speak harmful untruths about, to slander
Malinger
exaggerate or feign illness in order to escape duty or work, to evade responsibility by pretending to be ill
Malleable
capable of being shaped
MAN/MANU
hand
MAND/MEND
to command, to order, to entrust
Mandatory
commanded; required
Manic depressive
bipolar disorder
Manifest
readily perceived by the eye or the understanding
Manual
operated by hand
Manufacture
to make by hand or machinery
Martinet
a strict disciplinarian, especially in the armed forces
Maudlin
self-pitying or tearfully sentimental, often through drunkenness
Maxim
an expression of general truth or principle
Maximum
the highest amount, value, or degree attained
Mea culpa
through my fault, my fault
Mean
average; in the middle
Meander
wander at random. Following a winding course. Proceeding aimlessly or with little purpose
MEDI
middle
Mediate
to intervene between people in a dispute in order to bring about an agreement or reconciliation, to serve as a go-between; to try to settle an argument
Medieval
related to the Middle Ages
Mediocre
neither good nor bad; so-so
Medium
size between small and large; a substance or agency that things travel through (as for example light travels through air, and news is conveyed by television and newspapers)
MEGA
large, great
Megalith
a very big stone
Megalomania
a mental condition involving delusions of greatness; an obsession with doing great things
Megalomaniac
a person who is obsessed with their own power
Megalopolis
a very large city
Megaphone
a device for magnifying the sound of one’s voice
Megaton
explosive power equal to 1,000 tons of TNT
Melancholy
a feeling of pensive sadness, typically with no obvious cause
Mellifluous
pleasing, musical
Melodious
of, producing, or having a pleasant tune
Mendacious
not telling the truth, lying
Mendacity
untruthfulness
Mercenary
of a person or their behavior primarily concerned with making money (material reward) at the expense of ethics
Mercurial
of a person subject to sudden or unpredictable changes of mood or mind
Meridian
a direct line from the North Pole to the South Pole; the highest point reached by the sun; noon
Metamorphosis
a transformation, as by magic or sorcery
Metaphor
a figure of speech comparing two different things; a symbol
Meticulous
extremely careful about details
MICRO
very small
Microbe
a very small organism
Microcosm
a small system that reflects a larger whole
Micron
a millionth of a meter
Microorganism
a very small organism
Microscope
a device that magnifies very small things for viewing
Mild
gentle; kind
Millennium
a period of a thousand years. An anniversary of a thousand years
MIN
small
Min
to project, to hang over
Minatory
expressing or conveying a threat
Miniature
a copy or model that represents something in greatly reduced size
Minute
a unit of time equal to one-sixtieth of an hour
Minutiae
small or trivial details
MIS
bad, wrong, to hate
MIS/MIT
to send
Misadventure
back luck; an unlucky accident
Misanthrope
a person who dislikes humankind and avoids human society, a person who dislikes others, one who hates humans or humanity
Misanthropic
disliking humankind and avoiding human society
Misapply
to use something incorrectly
MISC
mixed
Miscegenation
the interbreeding of people considered to be of different racial types
Miscellaneous
made up of a variety of parts or ingredients
Mischance
back luck; an unlucky accident
Mischief
bad or annoying behavior
Misconception
a view or opinion that is incorrect because based on faulty thinking or understanding
Misconstrue
to take something in a way that wasn’t intended; to understand something incorrectly
Misein
in Greek this means to hate
Miserly
of or characteristic of a miser (a person who hoards wealth and spends as little money as possible)
Misfit
somebody or something that doesn’t fit in
Mishap
un unlucky accident
Misogynist
a person who dislikes, despise or is strongly prejudiced against women
Mitigate
make less severe, serious or painful, to soften, to lessen
Mob
the rabble; a disorderly group of people (from the Latin mobile vulgus meaning the fickle crowd)
MOB/MOM/MOT/MOV
to move
Mobile
movable
Mobilize
to make ready for movement; to assemble
MOLL
soft
Mollify
appease the anger or anxiety of someone, soothe; soften; calm, to calm or make less severe
Mollusk
a phylum of invertebrate animals – including octopuses, squids, oysters, clams and slugs – with soft bodies
Moment
an instant; importance
Momentous
a great importance (originally having the power to move)
Momentum
the force driving a moving object to keep moving; a growing force
MON/MONIT
to remind, to warn
MON/MONO
one
Monarchy
a government in which the supreme power is lodged in a sovereign, rule by a single person
Monitor
one that admonishes, cautions or reminds
Monk
a man in a religious order living apart from society (originally: a religious hermit)
Monochord
a musical instrument with a single string
Monochromatic
having only one color
Monogram
a design combining multiple letters into one
Monograph
a scholarly study of a single subject
Monolith
a single block of stone, often shaped into a monument
Monologue
a speech or other dramatic composition recited by one person
Monomania
an obsession with a single subject
Monomaniac
a person exhibiting an exaggerated or obsessive enthusiasm for or preoccupation with one thing
Monotonous
boring; spoken using only one tone
Monotony
lack of variation
Monument
a structure, such as a building, tower, or sculpture, erected as a memorial
MOR/MORT
death
Morbid
susceptible to preoccupation with unwholesome matters
Mordacious
denoting or using biting sarcasm or invective. Of a person or animal given to biting
Mordant
especially of humor having or showing a sharp or critical quality, biting
Moribund
dying; decaying, of a person at the point of death. Of a thing in terminal decline, lacking vitality or vigor
Morose
sullen and ill-tempered
MORPH
shape
Morphological
relating to the form or structure of things
Motion
movement
Motive
a reason for action; what moves a person to do something
Motor
a device that makes something move
MULT
many
Multifaceted
having many facets
Multiple
many, having many parts; a number containing some quantity of a smaller number without remainder
Multiplex
having many parts; a movie theater or other building with many separate units
Multiply
to increase; to become many
Multitudinous
very many; containing very many; having very many forms
Mundane
lacking interest or excitement. Dull
Munificent
of a gift or sum of money larger or more generous than is usual or necessary
MUT
to change
Mutation
the process of being changed
Mutations
the action of process or mutating. The changing of the structure of a gene, resulting in a variant form that may be transmitted to subsequent generations, caused by the alteration of single base units in DNA or the deletion, insertion or rearrangement of larger sections of genes or chromosomes
Mutiny
rebellion against authority; especially by sailors
Mystify
utterly bewilder or perplex someone. Make obscure or mysterious
Naïve
lacking sophistication or experience, lacking worldliness and sophistication; artless, of a person or action showing a lack of experience, wisdom or judgement. Nature and unaffected, innocent
Nascent
especially of a process or organization just coming into existence and beginning to display signs of future potential, starting to develop
NAT/NAS/NAI/GNA
birth
Native
belonging to one by nature; inborn; innate
Natural
present due to nature, not to artificial or man-made means
NAU/NAV
ship, sailor
Nauseous
causing a squeamish feeling (originally seasickness)
Nautical
related to sailing or sailors
Naval
related to the navy
Nave
the central portion of a church (which resembles the shape of a ship)
Navy
a military force consisting of ships and sailors
Nebulous
in the form of a cloud or hazy. Of a concept or idea unclear, vague, or ill defined
Neologism
a newly coined word, phrase or expression
Neophyte
a beginner, a new convert, a new worker, a person who is new to a subject, skill or belie
Neoplasm
a new growth in the body; a tumor
NIHIL
nothing, none
Nihilism
denial of all moral beliefs; denial that existence has any meaning
NOC/NOX
harm
NOCT/NOX
night
Noctambulant
walking at night; sleepwalking
Nocturnal
related to the night; active at night
Nocturne
a dreamlike piece of music; a painting set at night
Noisome
having an extremely offensive smell. Disagreeable, unpleasant
NOM
rule, order
NOM/NYM/NOUN/NOWN
name
Nomenclature
a system of names; systematic naming
Nominal
existing in name only; negligible
Nominate
to propose by name as a candidate
Non sequitur
a conclusion or statement that does not logically follow form the previous argument or statement
Non sequitur
an inference or a conclusion that does not follow from the premises
NON
not
Nonchalant
of a person or manner feeling or appearing casually calm or relaxed; not displaying anxiety, interest or enthusiasm
Nonconformist
one who does not conform to a church or other societal institution
Nonentity
something that doesn’t exist; something that is unpopular
Nonpareil
something with no equal
Nonpartisan
not affiliated with a political part
Noun
a world that names a person, place or thing
NOUNC/NUNC
to announce
Nouveau riche
one who has lately become rich
NOV/NEO/NOU
new
Novice
a person new to any field or activity
Novitiate
a period or state of being a novice, especially in a religious order
Noxious
harmful, poisonous or very unpleasant, injurious or harmful to health or morals
NULL
nothing
Nullify
to cancel; to make into nothing
Nullity
the condition of being nothing
Numismatist
a specialist in numismatics (collectors, specialist dealers, scholars) who use coins in object-based research
OB
toward, to, against, over
Obdurate
hardened in feeling; resistant to persuasion, stubborn, resistant to persuasion, stubbornly refusing to change one’s opinion or course of action
Obese
extremely fat, corpulent
Obfuscate
to render indistinct or dim; darken
Obfuscating
render obscure, unclear or unintelligible. Bewilder someone
Objurgate
rebuke severely, scold
Oblige
to obligate; to make indebted or form personal bonds by doing a favor
Oblique
having a slanting or sloping direction, neither parallel nor at a right angle to a specified or implied line, slanting
Obloquy
strong public criticism or verbal abuse
Obnoxious
highly disagreeable or offensive
Obscure
not discovered or known about, uncertain. Not easily understood or clearly expressed
Obsequies
funeral rites
Obsequious
fawning, obedient or attentive to an excessive or servile degree, overly submission, overly submissive and eager to please
Obsolescent
becoming obsolete
Obsolete
no longer produced or used, out of date
Obstetrician
a physician or surgeon qualified to practice in obstetrics
Obstinate
stubborn, unyielding, stubbornly adhering to a purpose, opinion, or course of action, stubbornly adhering to an idea; inflexible, stubbornly refusing to change one’s opinion or chosen course of action, despite attempts to persuade one to do so
Obstreperous
noisily defiant, unruly
Obstruct
to block or fill with obstacles
Obtuse
not sharp, pointed or acute in any form
Obviate
remove a need or difficulty. Avoid, prevent, to prevent; to make unnecessary
Occlude
stop, close up or obstruct an opening, to stop; to prevent the passage of
Ochlocracy
government by a mob, mob rule
Odious
extremely unpleasant or repulsive
Odium
general or widespread hatred or disgust toward something as a result of their actions
Offer
to present for acceptance, refusal or consideration
Oft
archaic, poetic/literary, or jocular form of often
Oligarchy
a small group of people having control of a country, organization or institution, a state or society ruled by a select group
Ominously
in a way that suggests that something bad is going to happen
OMNI
all
Omnibus
an anthology of the words of one author or the writings on related subjects
Omnipotent
all powerful
Omnipresent
everywhere at one time
Omniscient
having infinite knowledge, knowing everything
Omnivorous
eating or absorbing everything
Oncologist
a medical practitioner qualified to diagnose and treat tumors
ONER
burden
Onerous
burdensome; difficult, troublesome and oppressive
Onus
a burden; a responsibility
Opaque
impossible to see through; preventing the passage of light, not able to be seen through, not transparent
Ophthalmologist
diagnoses and treats all eye diseases, performs eye surgery and prescribes and fits eyeglasses and contact lenses
Opinionated
conceitedly assertive and dogmatic in one’s opinions
Opprobrium
harsh criticism or censure, public disgrace, the disgrace incurred by shameful conduct
Optician
a person qualified to make and supply eyeglasses and contact lenses for corrective vision
Optimum
most conductive to a favorable outcome, best
Optometrist
a person who practices optometry
Orchidology
the scientific study of orchids
Orifice
an opening, as of a pipe or tube, or one in the body, such as a nose
Orris
a preparation of the fragrant rootstock of an iris, used in perfumery and formerly in medicine
Orthodontist
a dentist who is qualified to treat irregularities in the teeth and jaws
Orthodox
sound or correct in opinion or doctrine
Oscillate
move or swing back and forth at a regular speed
OSS/OSTE
bone
Ossify
to become bone; to harden; to become callous
Ossuary
a place where bones are kept; a charnel house
Ostensible
stated or appearing to be true, but not necessarily so
Ostentation
excessive showiness
Osteopath
a licensed physician who practices medicine using both conventional and osteopathic manipulative treatments and medicine
Osteopathy
a medical system based on the belief that many illnesses can be traced to issues in the skeletal system
Ostracize
exclude someone from a society or group
PAC/PEAC
peace
Pacifier
something or someone that eases the anger or agitation of
Pacify
to ease the anger of agitation of
Pact
a formal agreement; as between nations
Palliate
make a disease or its symptoms less severe or unpleasant without removing the cause
PALP
to feel
Palpable
capable of being felt; tangible
Palpate
to feel; to examine by feeling
Palpitate
to beat quickly, as the heart to throb
PAN/PANT
all, everyone
Panacea
a solution or remedy for all difficulties or diseases
Pandemic
general, universal, widespread, general, universal
Panegyric
formal or elaborate praise at an assembly
Panoply
a wide-ranging and impressive array or display
Panorama
an unobstructed and wide view of an extensive area
Pantheon
a public building containing tombs or memorials of the illustrious dead of nations
Par excellence
better or more than all others of the same kind
Par
an equality in value or standing
PAR
equal
PARA
next to, beside
Parable
a short, allegorical story designed to illustrate a moral lesson or religions principle
Paradigm
a typical example or pattern of something, a model
Paradox
a contradiction or dilemma, an opinion or statement contrary to accepted opinion
Paradoxical
seemingly absurd or self-contradictory
Paragon
a model of excellence, model of excellence or perfection
Parallel
extending in the same direction
Paranoia
the feeling that you’re being threatened in some way
Paranoid
suffering from a baseless distrust of others
Parasite
an organism that lives on or within a plant or animal of another species, from which it obtains nutrients
Parasol
an umbrella that protects from the sun
Pardner
used as a friendly form of address
Pardon
kind indulgence, forgiveness
Pariah
an outcast
Parity
equally, as in amount, status or character
Parody
to imitate for purposes of satire
Parsimonious
unwilling to spend money or use resources; stingy or frugal
Partisan
a strong supporter of a party, cause or person
PAS/PAT/PATH
feeling, suffering, disease
Passed
the past tense of pass, a euphemism for someone dying
Past
that which has gone by or elapsed in time
Pathogenetic
causing disease
Patronizing
apparently kind or helpful but betraying a feeling of superiority, condescending
PAU/PO/POV/PU
few, little, poor
Paucity
smallness of quantity, scarcity, scantiness
Pauper
a person without any personal means of support
PEC
money
Peccadillo
small, relatively unimportant offense or sin
Peculation
embezzlement
Pecuniary
relating to money
PED
child, education
PED/POD
foot
Pedagogue
a teacher
Pedal
a foot-operated lever or part used to control
Pedant
a person who is excessively concerned with minor details or rules or with displaying academic learning, one who displays learning ostentatiously, someone who shows off learning
Pedestrian
a person who travels on foot, person walking along a road or in a developed area
Pediatrician
a doctor who primarily has children as patients, a medical practitioner specializing in children and their diseases
PEL
to drive, to push
Pellucid
translucently clear. Lucid in style or meaning, easily understood
PEN/PENE
almost
PEN/PUN
to pay, to compensate
Penal
of or pertaining to punishment, as for crimes
Penalize
subject to some form of punishment
Penalty
a punishment imposed for a violation of law or rule
Penance
a punishment undergone to express regret for a sin
PEND/PENS
to hang, to weight, to pay
Peninsula
a landmass that is mostly surrounded by water, making it almost an island
Penitent
concrete
Penultimate
last but one in the a series of things, second last
Penumbra
a shaded area between pure shadow and pure light
Penurious
extremely poor, poverty-stricken
Penury
extreme poverty, destitution
PER
completely
Perambulator
one who makes a tour of inspection on foot
Percent
in every hundred
Percipient
having perception; discerning; discriminating
Peregrination
a journey, especially a long or meandering one
Peremptory
especially of a person’s manner or actions insisting on immediate action or obedience, especially a brusquely imperious way
Perennial
lasting for an indefinite amount of time
Perfidious
deceitful and untrustworthy, willing to betray one’s trust
Perfidy
deceitfulness, untrustworthiness
Perforate
to make a way through or into something
Perfume
scents, from burning incense or other sources of fragrance
Perfunctory
done in a routine way; indifferent, of an action or gesture carried out with a minimum of effort or reflection, performed merely as routine duty
Perhaps
a qualifier suggesting something might or might not take place
PERI
around
Perimeter
the border or outer boundary of a two-dimensional figure
Peripatetic
travelling from place to place, in particular working or based in various places for relatively short periods
Peripatetic
walking or traveling about; itinerant
Periphrastic
of speech or writing indirect and circumlocutory
Periscope
an optical instrument for seeing objects in an obstructed field of vision
Perjury
willful laying while on oath
Permeate
to penetrate
Permutation
a complete change; transformation
Pernicious
having a harmful effect, especially in a gradual or subtle way
Perplex
to cause to be puzzled or bewildered over what is not understood
Perplexing
completely baffling, very puzzling
Perquisite
a gratuity, tip
Persiflage
light and slightly contemptuous mockery or banter
Persistent
lasting or enduring tenaciously
Perspective
one’s mental view of facts, ideas, and their interrelationships
Perspicacious
having a ready insight into and understanding of things, having keen mental perception and understanding, shrewd, astute
Persuade
to encourage; to convince
Pertain
to have reference or relation
Pertinacious
persistent, stubborn, resolute
Peruse
read something typically in a thorough or careful way, to read with thoroughness or care
Perveance
a notion used in the description of charged particle beams. How significant the space charge effect is on the beam’s motion
PET/PIT
to go, to seek, to strive
Petition
a formally drawn request soliciting some benefit
Petitioned
make or present a formal request to (an authority) with respect to a particular cause
Pettish
of a person or their behavior childishly bad-tempered and petulant
Petulant
of a person or their manner being childishly sulky or bad-tempered, showing sudden irritation especially over some annoyance
PHIL
love
Philanderer
one who carries on flirtations
Philanthropic
of a person or organization seeking to promote the welfare of others, especially by donating money to good causes, generous and benevolent
Philanthropy
charity; a desire or effort to promote goodness
Philatelist
a person who loves stamps, one who loves to collect postage stamps
Philistine
a member of non-Semitic people of ancient southern Palestine, who came into conflict with the Israelites during the 12th and 11th centuries BC
Philologist
someone who studies the history of languages, especially by looking closely at literature
Philology
the study of literary text to establish their authenticity and determine their meaning
Philosopher
one who investigates the truths and principles of being, knowledge or conduct (originally lover of wisdom), one who studies logic, beauty, truth, etc.; one who seeks wisdom
Philtering
a potion credited with magical power
Phlegmatic
of a person having an unemotional and stolidly calm disposition
PHOB
fear
Phobia
fear; an irrational fear
PHON
sound
Phonetics
the study of the sounds used in speech
PHOTO
light
Photograph
a picture, originally made by exposing chemically treated film to light
Photon
a packet of light or other electromagnetic radiation
Photosynthesis
a process by which plants create carbohydrates when under light
Pillory
attack or ridicule publicly
Pique
a feeling of irritation or resentment resulting from a slight, especially to one’s pride
Pithy
of language or style concise and forcefully expressive
PLAC
to please
Placate
make someone less angry or hostile, to soothe or pacify
Placebo
a substance with no pharmacological effect that acts to placate a patient who believes it to be a medicine
Placid
pleasantly calm or peaceful
Plagiarize
take the work or an idea from someone else and pass it off as one’s own
Plaintive
sounding sad and mournful
Plastic
able to be molded, altered or bent
Platitude
a remark or statement, especially one with a moral content, that has been used too often to be interesting or thoughtful
PLE/PLEN
to fill, full
Plebian
functioning as plural the common people, the masses
Plenitude
fullness
Plethora
excess, overabundance
PLEX/PLIC/PLY
to fold, twist, tangle or bend
Plutocracy
government by the wealthy. A country or society governed by the wealthy
Podiatrist
a person who treats the feet and their ailments
Podium
a small platform for an orchestra conductor, speaker, etc.
Poignant
evoking a keen sense of sadness or regret. A share or pungent taste or smell
Point
a sharp or tapering end
POLY
many
Polyandry
the practice of having multiple husbands
Polygamy
the practices of having multiple wives
Polyglot
someone who speaks many languages
Polygon
a figure with many sides
Polyphony
the use of simultaneous melodic lines to produce harmonies in musical compositions
Polytheism
belief in many gods
Pompous
affectedly and irritatingly grand, solemn or self-important
PON/POS/POUND
to put, to place
PORT
to carry
Portable
easily carried
Portentous
of or like a portent. Done in a pompously or overly solemn manner so as to impress
Post facto
after the fact
POST
behind, after
Posterior
situated at the rear
Posterity
future generations
Posthumous
after death
Postscript
any addition or supplement
POT
to drink
Potable
drinkable, safe to drink, a drink
Potation
drinking; a drink
Potion
a drinkable medicine, a poison, or other concoction
Potpourri
a mixture of dried petals and spices placed in a bowl or small sack of perfume clothing or a room
Poverty
the condition of being poor
Pragmatic
practical as opposed to idealistic
PRE
before, in front
Preamble
an introductory statement (originally: to walk in front)
Precarious
dependent on circumstances beyond one’s control
Precedent
an act that serves as an example for subsequent situations
Precept
a commandment or direction given as a rule of conduct
Precipice
a cliff with a vertical face
Precipitate
cause an event or situation, typically one that is bad or undesirable to happen suddenly, to haste the occurrence of; to bring about prematurely, to throw violently or bring about abruptly; lacking deliberation
Precise
definitely stated or defined
Preclude
to prevent the presence, existence or occurrence of
Precocious
unusually advanced or mature in mental development or talent
Precursor
a person or thing that comes before another of the same kind, a forerunner
Predecessor
one who comes before another in an office, position, etc.
Predict
to tell in advance
Predilection
preference, liking
Preeminent
superior to or notable above all others, surpassing all others; very distinguished in some way
PREHEND/PRISE
to take, to get, to seize
Prejudice
a previous or premature judgement; bias
Prelude
a preliminary to an action, event, etc.
Premonition
forewarning, presentiment, a feeling of anticipation over a future event
Presage
of an event be a sign or warning that something, typically something bad will happen. To predict
Prescient
having knowledge of things before they happen, having or showing knowledge of events before they take place
Presentable
suitable for being presented
Presentiment
a feeling that something is about to happen, foreboding
Preside
to exercise management or control; to sit in the leader’s chair
Presumptuous
of a person or their behavior failing to observe the limits of what is permitted or appropriate
Prevaricate
speak or act in an evasive way, to lie or deviate from the truth
PRI/PRIM
first
Primal
original, most important
Primary
first, most important
Prime
first in quality, best
Primeval
ancient, going back to the first age of the world
Primitive
relating to, denoting or preserving the character of an early stage in the evolutionary or historical development of something. Having a quality or style that offers an extremely basic level of comfort, convenience or efficiency
Principal
the head of a school; main or important
Principle
a fundamental law or truth
Pristine
fresh and clean; uncorrupted, original; like new; unspoiled; pure
PRO
in front, before, much, for
PROB
to prove, to test
Probe
to search or examine thoroughly
Probity
honesty, high-mindedness, the quality of having strong moral principles, honesty and decency
Problem
a difficult question (originally one put before another for solution)
Proceed
to go forward
Proclaim
to announce or declare in an official way
Proclivity
inclination, bias
Procrastinate
delay or postpone action; put off doing something
Prodigal
lavish, wasteful, wastefully or recklessly extravagant
Prodigious
remarkably or impressively great in extent, size or degree. Unnatural or abnormal
Produce
to bring into existence; to give cause to
Proffer
to offer
Profligate
recklessly extravagant or wasteful in the use of resources
Profuse
spending or giving freely
Profusion
lavish, extravagant, copious
Progenitor
a person or thing from which a person, animal, or plant is descended or originates. An ancestor or parent
Progeny
offspring, descendants
Prognosis
to forecast, especially of disease
Prognostic
serving to predict the likely outcome of a disease or ailment; relating to a medical prognosis
Progress
forward movement
Proliferate
to increase in number quickly, to reproduce; produce rapidly
Prolific
highly fruitful, producing many offspring or much output
Prolix
of a speech or writing using or containing too many words, tediously lengthy
Prologue
introduction to a poem, play, etc.
Prominent
projecting outward
Promiscuous
consisting of diverse and unrelated parts or individuals; indiscriminate
Promote
to move to a higher rank in an organization
Pronounce
to articulate
PROP/PROX
near
Propel
to drive forward
Propitiate
to conciliate; to appease, win or regain the favor of (a god, spirit, or person) by doing something that pleases them
Propitious
giving or indicating a good chance of success, favorable
Proponent
a person who advocates a theory, proposal or project
Propound
to set forth for consideration
Propriety
correct behavior; obedience to rules and customs
Prosaic
having the style or diction of prose, lacking poetic beauty. Commonplace, unromantic
Proscribe
to condemn as harmful or odious
Prosecute
to seek to enforce by legal process
Proselyte
a person who has converted from one opinion, religion or party to another
Proselytize
to convert or attempt to recruit
PROT/PROTO
first
Protagonist
the main character in a play or story, the leading character or one of the major characters in a drama, movie, novel or other fictional text. The main figure in a real event. An advocate or champion of a particular cause or idea
Protest
a dissent, a declaration especially of disagreement
Protocol
diplomatic etiquette; a system of proper conduct; the original record of a treaty or other negotiation
Prototype
the first version of an invention, on which later models are based
Protozoan
belonging to a group of single-celled animals, which came before more complex animals
Protract
to prolong, draw out, extend
Proverb
an adage; a byword; a short, commonly known saying
Provident
having or showing foresight
Proximate
nearby; coming just before or just after
Proximity
nearness; distance
Prudence
wisdom, causation or resistant
PSEUD/PSEUDO
false
Pseudonym
a false name; a pen name
Pseudopod
part of a single-celled organism that can be stuck out (like a foot) and used to move around
Pseudoscience
false science; something believed to be based on scientific method but that actually is not
Psyche
a human soul, mind or spirit
Psychiatrist
a medical practitioner specializing in the diagnosis and treatment of mental illness
Psychology
the scientific study of the mind and behavior
Puerile
childish, immature, childishly silly and trivial
PUG
to fight
Pugilist
a fighter or boxer
Pugnacious
to quarrel or fight readily
PUNC/PUNG/POIGN
to point, to prick, to pierce
Punctilious
showing great attention to detail or correct behavior, strict or exact in the observance of formalities
Puncture
the act of piercing
Pungent
caustic or sharply expensive, sharp and irritating to the senses
Punitive
serving for, concerned with, or inflicting punishment
Pursue
to chase after
Pusillanimous
lacking courage or resolution, showing a lack of courage or determination, timid
Putrid
of organic matter decaying or rotting and emitting a fetid smell. Very unpleasant, repulsive
PYR
fire
Pyre
a bonfire, usually for burning a dead body
Pyromania
an urge to start fires
Pyromaniac
a person suffering from pyromania (an obsessive desire to set fire to things)
Pyrosis
heartburn
Pyrotechnics
fireworks
QUAD/QUAR/QUAT
four
Quadrant
a quarter of a circle; a 90-degree arc
Quadrille
a square dance involving four couples
Quadruple
four times as many
Quadruplets
four children born in one birth
Quart
one-fourth of a gallon
Quaternary
the number four, the fourth in a series
QUE/QUIS
to seek
Querulous
complaining in a petulant or whining manner, full of complaints
Query
a question, inquiry
QUIE/QUIT
quiet, rest
Quiescence
the condition of being at rest, still, inactive
Quiescent
in a state or period of inactivity or dormancy, motionless
Quiet
making little or no sound
QUIN/QUINT
five
Quinquennial
a five-year period; a fifth anniversary
Quintessence
the essential part of something (originally the fifth essence which was believed to permeate everything and be what stars and planets were made of)
Quintuple
five times as many
Quittance
a release or discharge from a debt or obligation. A document certifying this; a receipt
Quixotic
exceedingly idealistic, unrealistic and impractical
Quotidian
everyday; ordinary, of or occurring every day; daily. Ordinary or every day, especially when mundane
RACI/RADI
root
Radical
pertaining to roots; questioning everything, even basic beliefs, going to root causes, thorough
Radish
a root vegetable
RAMI
branch
Ramification
a branch; an offshoot; a collection of branches; a consequence
Ramiform
branchlike
Rancor
bitterness or resentfulness, especially when long standing
Rapacious
aggressively greedy or grasping
Rarefy
to make thinner or sparser
Ratify
to confirm or accept by formal consent
Rationalize
attempt to explain or justify one’s own or another’s behavior or attitude with logical, plausible reasons, even if these are not true or appropriate
Raucous
making or constituting a disturbingly harsh and loud noise
RE
back, again
Realm
a kingdom; a domain
Rebarbative
unattractive and objectionable
Rebel
a person who resists authority, control or tradition
Rebuke
express sharp disapproval or criticism of someone because of their behavior or actions
Recalcitrant
having an obstinately uncooperative attitude toward authority or discipline
Recant
say that one no longer holds an opinion or belief, especially one considered heretical
Recant
to withdraw or disavow a statement
Recidivism
the tendency of a convicted criminal to reoffend
Recidivist
one who repeatedly relapses as into crime
Recitation
the action of repeating something aloud from memory
Reclaim
to claim or demand the return of a right or possession
Recline
to lean back, to lean back; to lie down
Recognize
to identify as already known
Recommend
to praise and suggest the use of; to advice
Recondite
of a subject or knowledge little known, abstruse
Recreant
cowardly. Unfaithful to a belief, apostate
Recrimination
an accusation in response to one from someone else
RECT
straight, right
Rectangle
a four-sided figure in which every angel is a right angle
Rectitude
moral uprightness; moral straightness
Recumbent
lying down, reclining, leaning
Recur
to happen again
Redress
remedy or set right un undesirable or unfair situation. To set upright again
Reductive
tending to present a subject or problem in a simplified form, especially one viewed as crude
Redundancy
the state of being not or no longer needed or useful
Referendum
a vote on a political question open to the entire electorate
Reflect
to throw back
Refractory
stubborn or unmanageable. Resistant to a process or stimulus, rebellious
Refuge
a haven for those feeling
Refugee
a fleeing person who seeks refuge
Refulgent
radiant; shining
REG
king, rule
Regain
to gain again; to take back
Regal
kingly; royal
Regent
one who serves on behalf of a king; one who rules
Regicide
killing a king; one who kills a king
Regiment
a body of troops in an army; to form into such a body; to subject to strict rule
Regress
to move backward, revert to an earlier state
Regular
having a structure following some rule; orderly; normally used; average
Regurgitate
bring up again. Repeating information without analyzing or comprehending it
Reimburse
to pay back
Reincarnation
rebirth of a soul in a new body
Reiterate
to repeat
Rejoinder
to reply, retort
Rejuvenate
to refresh; to make young again
Relative
considered in relation or in proportion to something else
Relativity
the absence of standards of absolute and universal application
Relax
loosen, to be less strict, calm down
Release
let go, set free
Relevant
bearing on or pertinent to information at hand
Relieve
to mitigate; to free from a burden
Rely
to depend upon (originally to come together, to rally)
Remain
to stay behind; to be left; to continue to be
Remand
to send back
Reminiscent
reminding or suggestive of
Remission
a lessening of intensity or degree, the cancellation of a debt, charge or penalty
Remit
to send money
Remonstrate
make a forcefully reproachful (expressing disapproval or disappointment) protest, to say or plead in protest, objection or reproof
Remove
to take away; to move away
Renaissance
rebirth especially referring to culture
Rendition
a performance or interpretation, especially of a dramatic role or piece of music. A visual representation or reproduction. A translation or transliteration
Renege
go back on a promise, undertaking or contract
Renitent
resisting physical pressure. Resisting constraint or compulsion
Renounce
to give up; especially by formal announcement
Renovate
to restore to an earlier condition
Renown
fame, reputation, the condition of being known or talked about by many people; fame
Rent
pay someone for the use of something. Tear something
Reorganize
to organization again
Repercussion
an unintended consequence occurring some time after an event or action, especially an unwelcomed one
Replete
abundantly supplied
Replica
any close copy or reproduction
Repository
a receptacle or place where things are deposited
Reprehend
reprimand
Reprehensible
deserving rebuke or censure
Reprisals
retaliation against an enemy
Reprobate
a depraved or wicked person, an unprincipled person often used humorously or affectionately
Reproof
an expression of blame or disapproval
Reprove
reprimand or censure someone
Repudiate
to reject the validity of
Repugnant
objectionable or offensive
Request
to ask (originally to seek again)
Rescind
revoke, cancel or repeal a law, order or agreement
Resent
to feel or show displeasure
Resident
a person who lives in a place
Residual
remaining, leftover
Resilient
able to spring back to an original form after compression, of a person or animal able to withstand or recover quickly from difficult conditions. Of a substance or object able to recoil or spring back into shape after bending, stretching or being compressed
Resolution
a formal expression of opinion or intention made
Respectful
feeling or showing deference and respect
Respite
a short period of rest or relief from something difficult or unpleasant
Restriction
a limitation
Resurgence
an increase or revival after a period of little activity, popularity or occurrence
Resurrection
coming back to life; rising again
Reticent
disposed to be silent or not to speak freely, not reveling one’s thoughts or feelings readily, silent, reserved
RETRO
backward
Retroactive
extending to things that happened in the past
Retrofit
to install newer parts into an older device or structure
Retrograde
directing or moving backward, moving backward; appearing to move backward
Retrospective
contemplative of past situations, looking back at the past
Reunion
a meeting that brings people back together
Reverence
deep respect for someone or something
Revert
to return to a former habit
Revile
criticize in an abusive or angrily insulting manner, to criticize with harsh language
Revitalize
imbue something with new life and vitality
Revolt
to rebel; to turn against those in authority
Revolve
to rotate; to turn around
Rhetoric
effective writing or speaking, the art of effective or persuasive speaking or writing, especially the use of figures of speech and other compositional techniques
Ribald
referring to sexual matters in an amusingly coarse or irreverent way
RID/RIS
to laugh
Rift
a crack, split or break in something. A serious break in friendly relations
Rigorous
extremely thorough, exhaustive, or accurate. A rule, system, etc. strictly applied or adhered to
Riposte
a quick, clever reply to an insult or criticism
Risible
causing laughter
ROG
to ask
Rouge
a red powder used as makeup
RUB/RUD
red
Rubella
German measles; a disease marked by red spots
Rubicund
reddish; rosy cheeked
Rubric
a rule; a guide for scoring tests; a heading in a book set in red letters
RUD
crude
Rude
uncivilized; impolite
Rudimentary
undeveloped; related to rudiments
Rudiments
first principles; imperfect first step of one’s training
Rue
bitterly regret something one has done or allowed to happen
Russet
reddish-brown; a coarse cloth, usually reddish-brown; a type of apple or pear, typically reddish-brown
Rusticate
go to, live in, or spend time in the country
SACR/SANCT
holy
Sacrament
something regarded as possessing sacred character
Sacred
devoted or dedicated to a deity or religious purpose
Sacrifice
the offering of some living or inanimate thing to a deity in homage
Sacrilege
the violation of anything sacred
Sadistic
deriving pleasure from inflicting pain, or humiliation on others
SAG/SAP/SAV
taste, thinking, discerning
Sagacious
perceptive, discerning; insightful
Sage
wise
SAL
salt
SAL/SIL/SAULT/SULT
to leap, to jump
Salacious
having or conveying undue or inappropriate interest in sexual matters
Salary
payment for services (originally: money for Roman soldiers to buy salt)
Salient
prominent or conspicuous
Saline
containing salt; salty
SALU
health
Salubrious
health-giving, healthy, healthful
Salutary
especially with reference to something unwelcome or unpleasant producing good effects, beneficial, healthful
Salute
to greet; a gesture of greeting (originally to wish good health)
SALV
to save
Salvage
to save; something saved or recovered
Salvation
being saved
SAN
healthy
Sanctify
to make holy
Sanction
authoritative permission or approval
Sane
mentally healthy
SANG
blood
Sanguinary
bloody; bloodthirsty
Sanguine
hopeful; confident (from the sanguine humor which was believed to be associated with those traits)
Sanitarium
a place of healing
Sanitary
promoting health; related to conditions that affect health, such as cleanliness
Sapient
wise
Sardonic
grimly mocking or cynical
SAT
enough
Sate
to fill
Satiate
satisfied to the full, to satisfy fully or overindulge
Satiated
another term for sate (satisfy a desire or an appetite) to the full
Satisfy
to meet one’s desires; to meet an obligation; to provide with enough
Saturate
to fill completely; to entirely satisfy
Saturnine
of a person of their manner slow and gloomy. Of a person or their features dark in coloring and moody or mysterious. Gloomy place
Savant
a learned person
Savior faire
capacity for appropriate action especially. A polished sureness in social behavior
Savior
one who saves
Savor
taste; to enjoy flavors
Scathing
witheringly scornful, severely critical (harm, injure)
SCI
to know
Scintillation
a flash or sparkle of light. The process or state of emitting flashes of light
Scion
a young shoot or twig of a plant, especially one cut for grafting or rooting. A descendant of a notable family
Scissors
cutting instrument for paper
Scornful
feeling or expressing contempt or derision
Scribble
to write hastily or carelessly
SCRIBE/SCRIPT
to write
Script
handwriting
Scurrilous
making or spreading scandalous claims about someone with the intention of damaging their reputation
SE
apart, away
SEC/SEQU/SUE/SUI
to follow
Secede
to withdraw formally from an association
Second
next after the first
Secondary
coming after; less important than, resulting from someone or something else that is primary
SED/SESS/SID
to sit, to settle
Sedation
the administering of a sedative drug to produce a state of calm or sleep
Sediment
the matter that settles to the bottom of a liquid
Sedition
incitement of discontent or rebellion against a government
Seduce
to lead astray
Segregate
to separate from the crowd, to separate or set apart from others
Select
to choose in preference to another, to choose with care
Self-denying
characterized by or involving the denial of one’s own interests or needs
SEM
seed, to sow
Semen
seed of male animals
SEMI
half
Semicircle
half a circle
Semiconscious
only partly conscious; half awake
Seminary
a school especially for religious training originally a place for raising plants
SEN
old
Senate
the highest legislative body (from council of elders)
Senescent
getting old
Senile
relating to old age; experiencing memory loss or other age-related mental impairments
SENS/SENT
to feel, to be aware
Sense
any of the faculties by which humans and animals perceive stimuli originating outside the body
Sensory
of or pertaining to the sense or sensation
Sententious
given to moralizing in a pompous or affected manner
Sentiment
an attitude or feeling toward something
Separate
to keep apart, divide
Sepulchral
relating to a tomb or interment. Gloomy, dismal
Sequence
the following of one thing after another
Sequester
to remove or withdraw into solitude or retirement
Serendipity
the occurrence and development of events by chance in a happy or beneficial way
Serrated
having or denoting a jagged edge; saw-like
Session
a meeting at which people sit together in discussion
Severe
of something bad or undesirable very great; intense. A demanding great ability, skill or resilience. Strict or harsh. Very plain in style or appearance
Sheer
nothing other than, unmitigated. Perpendicular or nearly so. Very think; diaphanous
Sidle
walk in a furtive, unobtrusive or timid manner, especially sideways or obliquely
Simile
a figure of speech involving the comparison of one thing with another thing of a different kind. Used to make a description more emphatic or vivid
Simper
smile in an affectedly coy or ingratiating manner
Simulate
imitate the appearance or character of. Pretend to have or feel an emotion
SIN/SINU
bend, fold, curve
Sincere
free from pretense or deceit, proceeding from genuine feelings
Sinuous
having many curves and turns, moving in a bending or wavy manner
Sinus
a curved or irregularly shaped cavity in the body, such as those related to the nostrils
Sire
a title for a king; a father (originally an important person an old man)
Situation
a set of circumstances in which one finds oneself. A state of affairs. The location and surroundings of a place
Slake
quench or satisfy one’s thirst/desires
Slothful
lazy
Sluggish
slow-moving or inactive. Lacking energy or alertness. Slow to respond or make process
Sociopath
a person whose behavior is antisocial and who lacks a sense of moral responsibility
Sojourn
a temporary stay
SOL
alone, sun, to loosen, to free
Solar
related to the sun
Solarium
a sunroom; a room with windows for taking in the sun
Soliloquize
talk to oneself; talk onstage as if to oneself
Solipsism
the belief that the only thing that really exists, or can really be known, is oneself
Solitude
the state of being alone
Solstice
one of two days when the sun reaches its highest point at noon and seems to stand still
Soluble
capable of being dissolved or liquified
Somber
gloomy; darkened
Somersault
to roll the body end over end, making a complete revolution
SOMN
sleep
Somnambulist
a person who walks about in his or her sleep, a sleepwalker
Somniferous
sleep-inducing
Somniloquist
one who talks while asleep
Somnolent
sleep-inducing, sleepy, drowsy
Sonorous
of a person’s voice or other sound imposingly deep and full. Capable of producing a deep or ringing sound
Soothe
gently clam a person or their feelings. Reduce pain or discomfort in a part of the body
SOPH
wisdom
Sophism
a superficially appealing but fallacious argument
Sophisticated
complex, worldly, experienced
Soporific
causing sleep or lethargy
Sordid
involving ignoble actions and motives; arousing moral distaste and contempt. Dirty or squalid
Sorority
a society for female students in a university or college, typically for social purposes
SOURC/SURG/SURRECT
to rise
Source
where something comes from (such as spring water rising out of the ground)
Spartan
showing the indifference to comfort or luxury traditionally associated with ancient Sparta
SPEC/SPIC
to look, to see
Specious
deceptively attractive, seemingly plausible but fallacious, superficially plausible, but actually wrong. Misleading in appearance, especially misleading attractive
Spectrum
a broad range of related things that form a continuous series
Speculation
the contemplation or consideration of some subject
Spew
expel large quantities of something rapidly and forcibly. To be poured or forced out in large quantities
SPIR
breath
Spirit
the breath of life; the soul; an incorporeal supernatural being; an outlook; a lively quality
Spontaneously
the result of a sudden impulse and without premeditation. Without apparent external cause or stimulus
Spoofery
good humored mockery or teasing
Spurious
not being what it purports to be; false or fake
STA/STI
to stand, to be in place
Stalwart
loyal, reliable, hardworking. Strongly built and sturdy
Stasis
the state of equilibrium or inactivity caused by opposing equal forces
Static
of bodies or forces at rest or in equilibrium
Stationary
fixed, not moving
Stationery
paper used for letter writing
Stealthily
in a cautious and surreptitious manner, so as not to be seen or heard
Stentorian
of a person’s voice loud or powerful
Stigma
a mark of shame or discredit
Stipend
a periodic payment, fixed or regular pay
Stoic
a person who can endure pain or hardship without showing their feelings or complaining
Stolid
unemotional, lacking sensitivity
Strangle
to kill by suffocation, usually by tightening a cord or one’s hand around the throat
STRICT/STRING/STRAN
to tighten, to bind
Strident
loud and harsh, grating
Stultify
cause to lose enthusiasm and initiative, especially as a result of a tedious or restrictive routine
SUA
sweet, pleasing, to urge
Suave
charming, confident and elegant, smoothly agreeable or polite; sweet
Sub rosa
happening or done in secret
SUB/SUP
below, under
Subaqueous
underwater
Subjective
based on or influenced by personal feelings, tastes or opinions. Dependent on the mind or on an individual’s perception for its existence
Subjugate
to make subservient; to place under a yoke
Sublimate
in psychoanalytic theory divert or modify an instinctual impulse into a culturally higher more acceptable activity
Sublime
lofty or grand
Subliminal
existing or operating below the threshold of consciousness
Submissive
inclined or ready to submit
Subsidiary
less important than but related or supplementary to something, serving to assist or supplement
Subterfuge
a deception used to avoid a confrontation, an artifice or expedient used to evade a rule
Subtle
thin, tenuous or rarefied
Suburb
a residential area just outside a city; an outlying area of a city
Subversive
seeking or intended to subvert an established system or institution
Succinct
especially of something written or spoken briefly and clearly expressed
Succumb
to give away to superior force; yield
Suffuse
to spread throughout or over from within
Suite
a series, a set (originally a train of followers)
Sum
total; amount of money
SUMM
highest, total
Summary
concise statement of the total findings on a subject; comprehensive
Summit
highest point
Summon
to call together; convene
SUPER/SUR
over, above
Supercilious
arrogant, haughty, condescending, behaving or looking as though one thinks one is superior to others
Superfluous
extra, more than necessary
Superlative
the highest kind of order
Supersede
to replace in power, as by another person or thing
Supplement
something added to supply a deficiency
Supplicate
to make humble and earnest entreaty
Suppose
to put down as a hypothesis; to use as the underlying basis of an argument; to assume
Surge
to rise up forcefully, as ocean waves
Surmount
to get over or across, to prevail
Surpass
to go beyond in amount, extent, or degree
Surprise
to strike with an unexpected feeling of wonder or astonishment
Surrealist
relating to the Avant Garde movement in art and literature which sought to release the creative potential of the unconscious mind or its exponents
Surreptitious
keep secret, especially because it would not be approved of
Surreptitiousness
marked by quiet and caution and secrecy. Taking pains to avoid being observed
Surrogate
a person appointed to act for another
Surveillance
a watch kept over someone or something
Survey
to view in a general or comprehensive way
Susceptible
capable of receiving, admitting, undergoing or being affected by something
Suspending
temporarily prevent from continuing or being in force or effect. Hang something from somewhere
Sustenance
food and drink regarded as a source of strength, nourishment. The maintaining of someone or something in life or existence, nourishment, means of livelihood
Sycophant
a person who acts obsequiously toward someone important in order to gain advantage
Syllabus
an outline of the subjects in a course of study or teaching
SYM/SYN
together
Symbiosis
living together in a mutually beneficial relationship
Symmetry
balanced proportions; having opposite parts that mirror one another
Sympathetic
feeling, showing or expressing sympathy. Showing approval of or favor toward an idea or action
Sympathy
affinity; feeling affected by what happens to another, harmony or agreement in feeling
Symposium
a meeting at which ideas are discussed (originally a party at which people drink together)
Synagogue
a gathering or congregation of Jews for the purpose of religions worship
Synchronize
to occur at the same time to agree in time
Synchronous
existing or occurring at the same time
Synonym
a word having a meaning similar to that of another word of the same language
Synopsis
an outline of the subjects in a course of study or teaching
Synthesis
combining things to create a new whole
TAC/TIC
to be silent
Tacit
done without using words, unspoken understanding
Taciturn
of a person reserved or uncommunicative in speech, saying little, silent, not talkative, uncommunicative
Taciturnity
the keeping of one’s thoughts and emotions to oneself. Control, reserve, restraint, reticence, self-control, self-restraint, uncommunicativeness
TACT/TAG/TAM/TANG
to touch
Tactile
pertaining to touch; touchable
TAIN/TEN/TENT/TIN
to hold
Talisman
an object, typically an inscribed ring or stone, that is thought to have magic powers and to bring good luck. A person regarded as representing and inspiring a particular group
Tantamount
equivalent in seriousness to, virtually the same as
Taxonomy
the science, laws, or principles of classification
Teeter
move or balance unsteadily, sway back and forth. Be unable to decide between different courses, waver
Telephone
a device for transmitting sound at a distance
Temperate
relating to or denoting a region or climate characterized by mild temperatures. Showing moderation or self-restraint
Temporal
relating to worldly as opposed to spiritual affairs, secular
Tenable
capable of being held, maintained or defended
Tenacious
holding fast
TEND/TENS/TENT/TENU
to stretch, to thin
Tendency
an inclination toward a particular characteristic or type of behavior. A group within a larger political party or movement
Tendentious
expressing or intending to promote a particular cause or point of view, especially a controversial one, having a predisposition toward a point of view
Tension
the act of stretching or straining
Tentative
of the nature of, or done as a trial, attempt
Tenure
the holding or possessing of anything
Tepid
especially of a liquid only slightly warm, lukewarm. Showing little enthusiasm.
TEST
to bear witness
Terse
sparing in the use of words, abrupt
Testament
a statement of a person’s wishes for the disposal of his or her property after death; a will
Testify
bear witness
Their
possessive of “they”
THEO
god
Theocracy
a form of government in which a deity is recognized as the supreme ruler
Theology
the study of divine things and the divine faith
There
a place; in the matter of respect
THERM
heat
Thermal
relating to heat; retaining heat
Thermometer
a device for measuring heat
Thermonuclear
relating to a nuclear reaction that takes place at high temperatures
Thermostat
a device for regulating heat
They’re
contraction of “they are”
Threnody
a lament (passionate grief or sorrow)
TIM
fear
Timid
fearful, shy
Timorous
showing or suffering from nervousness, fear, or lack of confidence
Tirade
a long, angry speech of criticism or accusation, long, harsh speech or verbal attack
Toil
work extremely hard or incessantly
Tonal
relating to the tone of music, color or writing
TOR/TORQ/TORT
to twist
Torch
a portable flame used for light (perhaps derived from hemp twisted around sticks, then dipped in pitch)
TORP
stiff, numb
Torpedo
an explosive weapon used to sink ships (originally a fish – the electric ray – that could shock victims to numbness)
Torpid
mentally or physically inactive, lethargic, numbed; sluggish
Torpor
extreme mental and physical sluggishness, numbness; listlessness; apathy
Torque
twisting force; a force that creates rotation
Tort
a wrongful act (other than breach of contract) that legally entitles one to damages
Torture
to inflict pain (including by twisting instruments like the rack or wheel)
TOX
poison
Toxic
poisonous
TRACT
to drag, to pull, to draw
Tractable
easily managed or controlled
Tractor
a powerful vehicle used to pull farm machinery
Tranquil
free from commotion or tumult
TRANS
across, beyond
Transaction
the act of carrying on or conduct to a conclusion or settlement
Transcendent
going beyond ordinary limits
Transcript
a written or typed copy
Transgress
to violate a law, command, or moral code
Transit
traveling; means of transportation
Transition
a change from one way of being to another
Transitory
temporary, lasting a brief time
Translucent
of a substance allowing light but not detailed shapes, to pass through, semitransparent, permitting light to pass through
Transmit
to send from one person, thing or place to another
Transmute
to change from one form into another
Transparent
easily seen through, recognized, or detected
Tremendously
to a very great extent
Trenchant
vigorous or incisive in expression or style
Trepidation
a feeling of fear or agitation about something that may happen
Triremes
an ancient Greek or Roman war galley with three banks of oars
Triskaidekaphobia
extreme superstition regarding the number thirteen
Trite
of a remark, opinion or idea overused and consequently of little import, lacking originality or freshness
Truculent
eager or quick to argue or fight. Aggressively defiant
Truism
a statement that is obviously true and says nothing new or interesting
Turbid
of a liquid cloudy, opaque or think with suspended matter. Confused or obscure in meaning or effect
Turgid
swollen and distended or congested
Turpitude
depravity, wickedness
Tutelage
protection of or authority over someone or something, guardianship
Tyrannical
exercising power in a cruel or arbitrary way. Characteristic of tyranny; oppressive and controlling
Tyro
a beginner in learning anything; novice
Ubiquitous
present, appearing or found everywhere
ULT
last, beyond
Ulterior
beyond what is immediately present; future; beyond what is stated; hidden
Ultimate
last; final
Ultimatum
final offer; final terms
Ultraviolet
beyond the violet end of the spectrum
UMBR
shadow
Umbrage
offense or annoyance, shade; shadow; displeasure; resentment
Umbrella
a device providing shade from the sun or protection from rain
UN
not
Unanimous
of one mind, in complete accord, of two or more people fully in agreement
Unconscionable
unscrupulous
Unctuous
of a person excessively or ingratiatingly flattering, oily
UND
wave
Undermine
erode the base or foundation. Lessen the effectiveness, power or ability of especially gradually or insidiously
Undulate
to move in a wavelike way
Undulating
having a smoothly rising and falling form or outline
Unencumbered
not having any burden or impediment. Free of debt or other financial liability
Unhinged
mentally unbalanced or deranged
UNI/UN
one
Unicorn
a mythical animal with a single horn
Uniform
of one kind; consistent
Unintended
not planned or meant
Uninteresting
not arousing curiosity or interest
Universe
all things considered as one whole
Unperturbed
not perturbed or concerned
Unseen
not seen
Unstinting
given or giving without restraint, unsparing
Untoward
unexpected and inappropriate or inconvenient
Untranslatable
of a word, phrase or text not able to have its sense satisfactorily expressed in another language
Unusual
not usual; exceptional; strange
URB
city
Urban
relating to a city
Urbane
polite; refined; polished (considered characteristic of those in cities)
Urbanization
the process of an area becoming more like a city
US/UT
to use
Usage
a customary way of doing something
Usurp
to seize and hold
Utilitarian
efficient, functional, useful
Uxorious
having or showing an excessive or submissive fondness for one’s wife
Vacillate
alternate or waver between different opinions or actions, be indecisive, to sway physically; to be indecisive
Vacillation
the inability to decide between different opinions or actions; indecision
VAIL/VAL
strength, use, wroth
Vainglorious
excessively proud of oneself or one’s achievements, overly vain
Valediction
a farewell (from wishing that someone be well i.e., that someone have strength)
Valid
having force; legally binding; effective; useful
Value
worth
Vapid
offering nothing that is stimulating or challenging
Vegetate
live or spend a period of time in a dull, inactive, unchallenging way
VEN/VENT
to come or move toward
Venal
showing or motivated by susceptibility to bribery
Venerate
regard with great respect, reserve, to respect; deeply
Veneration
great respect, reverence
Venturesome
showing a disposition to undertake risks
VER
truth
Veracious
habitually truthful
Veracious
speaking or representing the truth
Veracity
conformity to facts; accuracy, truthfulness; accuracy
VERB
word
Verbatim
exactly as stated; word-for-word
Verbiage
excessive use of words; diction
Verbose
using or expressed in more words than are needed, wordy
VERD
green
Verdant
green with vegetation; inexperienced
Verdict
a judgement or decision
Verdure
fresh, rich vegetation
Verisimilitude
the appearance or semblance of truth
Verity
a true principle or belief, especially one of fundamental importance, truthfulness
VERS/VERT
to turn
Vex
to annoy, to make someone feel annoyed, frustrated or worried especially with trivial matters
Vibrant
full of energy and enthusiasm. Quivering, pulsating. Bright or striking color. Strong or resonating
Vicarious
experienced in the imagination through the feelings or actions of another person
Vicariously
in a way that is experienced in the imagination through the actions of another person
VID/VIS
to see
Video
elements pertaining to the transmission or reception of an image
VIL
base, mean
Vile
loathsome, unpleasant
Vilify
to slander, to defame
Vindicate
clear someone of blame or suspicion
Vindictive
having or showing a strong or unreasoning desire for revenge
Virago
a domineering, violent, or bad-tempered woman
Virtuoso
a person highly skilled in music or another artistic pursuit
VIRU
poison
Virulent
acrimonious; very bitter; very poisonous
Viruliferous
containing a virus
Virus
a submicroscopic agent that infects an organism and causes disease
Visceral
relating to deep inward feelings rather than to the intellect
Vista
a view or prospect
Vitiate
spoil or impair the quality or efficiency of
Vitriolic
filled with bitter criticism or malice (the intention or desire to do evil, ill will)
Vituperate
blame or insult someone in strong or violent language
Vituperation
bitter or abusive language
VOC/VOK
call, word
Vocabulary
the stock of words used by or known to a particular person or group
Vocalization
the act of vocalizing something. A vocal utterance
Vociferous
crying out noisily, especially of a person or speech vehement or clamorous
Vociferously
in a loud or forceful manner
VOL
wish
Volatile
easily aroused or changeable; lively or explosive, of a substance easily evaporated at normal temperatures. Liable to change rapidly and unpredictably, especially for the worse
Volition
free choice, free will; act of choosing
VOLU/VOLV
to roll, to turn
Voluble
easily turning; fluent; changeable
Volume
a book (originally a scroll) size or dimensions (originally of a book)
Voluntary
undertaken of one’s own accord or by free choice
VOR
to eat
Voracious
having a great appetite
Vortex
a mass of whirling fluid or air, especially a whirlpool or whirlwind
Vulgarian
an unrefined person, especially one with newly acquired power or wealth
Wanton
of a cruel or violent action deliberate and unprovoked. Growing profusely, luxuriant
Waspish
readily expressing anger or irritation
Waver
shake with a quivering motion. Become unsteady or unreliable. Be undecided between two opinions or courses of action, be irresolute, to fluctuate between choices
Weltschmerz
a feeling of melancholy or world-weariness
Whimsical
acting in a fanciful or capricious manner; unpredictable
Wielded
hold or use (a weapon or tool) Have and be able to use power or influence
Wraith
a ghost or ghostlike image of someone, especially one seen shortly before or after their death. Often used in reference to a pale, think or insubstantial person or thing
Xenophobia
fear of foreigners; hatred of foreigners
Zeal
great energy or enthusiasm in pursuit of a cause or an objective, passion; excitement
Zealot
a person who is fanatical and uncompromising in pursuit of their religious, political or other ideals
