Words from P to S Flashcards
pacifist
adj. opposed to war; noun someone opposed to violence as a means of settling disputes
painstaking
adj. characterized by extreme care and great effort
palliate
verb provide physical relief, as from pain; lessen or to try to lessen the seriousness or extent of
palpable
adj. capable of being perceived by the senses or the mind; especially capable of being handled or touched or felt; can be felt by palpation
panache
noun a feathered plume on a helmet; distinctive and stylish elegance
panoply
noun a complete and impressive array
paradigm
noun the generally accepted perspective of a particular discipline at a given time
paradox
noun (logic) a statement that contradicts itself
paragon
noun an ideal instance; a perfect embodiment of a concept; model of excellence or perfection of a kind; one having no equal
paramount
adj. having superior power and influence
parochial
adj. relating to or supported by or located in a parish; narrowly restricted in outlook or scope
parody
noun humorous or satirical mimicry; a composition that imitates somebody’s style in a humorous way
particular
adj. providing specific details or circumstances; unique or specific to a person or thing or category
partisan
adj. devoted to a cause or party; adhering or confined to a particular sect or denomination or party
passive
adj. lacking in energy or will; expressing that the subject of the sentence is the patient of the action denoted by the verb
pathos
noun a quality that arouses emotions (especially pity or sorrow); a style that has the power to evoke feelings
patience
noun good-natured tolerance of delay or incompetence; a card game played by one person
patriot
noun one who loves and defends his or her country
patronizing
adj. (used of behavior or attitude) characteristic of those who treat others with condescension
paucity
noun an insufficient quantity or number
pause
noun temporary inactivity; a time interval during which there is a temporary cessation of something; verb cease an action temporarily; interrupt temporarily an activity before continuing
pedantic
adj. marked by a narrow focus on or display of learning especially its trivial aspects
pedestrian
adj. lacking wit or imagination; noun a person who travels by foot
peeved
adj. aroused to impatience or anger
pejorative
adj. expressing disapproval
penalty
noun (games) a handicap or disadvantage that is imposed on a competitor (or a team) for an infraction of the rules of the game; the disadvantage or painful consequences of an action or condition
penchant
noun a strong liking
penitent
adj. feeling or expressing remorse for misdeeds
perceptible
adj. easily perceived by the senses or grasped by the mind; capable of being perceived by the mind or senses
perfectionist
noun a person who is displeased by anything that does not meet very high standards
perfidy
noun betrayal of a trust; an act of deliberate betrayal
perfunctory
adj. hasty and without attention to detail; not thorough; as a formality only
perilous
adj. fraught with danger
peripheral
adj. on or near an edge or constituting an outer boundary; the outer area; related to the key issue but not of central importance
permit
noun the act of giving a formal (usually written) authorization; a legal document giving official permission to do something; verb consent to, give permission; allow the presence of or allow (an activity) without opposing or prohibiting
pernicious
adj. working or spreading in a hidden and usually injurious way; exceedingly harmful
perpetual
adj. occurring so frequently as to seem ceaseless or uninterrupted; uninterrupted in time and indefinitely long continuing
perpetuate
verb cause to continue or prevail
persecution
noun the act of persecuting (especially on the basis of race or religion)
persevere
verb be persistent, refuse to stop
persist
verb stay behind; be persistent, refuse to stop
personal
adj. particular to a given individual; concerning or affecting a particular person or his or her private life and personality
personality
noun the complex of all the attributes
perspicacious
adj. acutely insightful and wise; mentally acute or penetratingly discerning
persuasive
adj. capable of convincing; tending or intended or having the power to induce action or belief
pertinent
adj. having precise or logical relevance to the matter at hand; being of striking appropriateness and pertinence
perturbed
adj. thrown into a state of agitated confusion; (`rattled’ is an informal term)
peruse
verb examine or consider with attention and in detail
pervasive
adj. spreading or spread throughout
pessimism
noun a general disposition to look on the dark side and to expect the worst in all things; the feeling that things will turn out badly
phenomenon
noun any state or process known through the senses rather than by intuition or reasoning; a remarkable development
philanthropy
noun voluntary promotion of human welfare
philistine
adj. of or relating to ancient Philistia or the culture of the Philistines; smug and ignorant and indifferent or hostile to artistic and cultural values
phlegmatic
adj. showing little emotion
picayune
adj. (informal) small and of little importance
piecemeal
adj. one thing at a time; adv. a little bit at a time
pilferer
noun a thief who steals without using violence
pioneer
noun someone who helps to open up a new line of research or technology or art
pitfall
noun an unforeseen or unexpected or surprising difficulty
placatory
adj. tending or intended to pacify by acceding to demands or granting concessions
placid
adj. living without undue worry; taking life easy
plagiarize
verb take without referencing from someone else’s writing or speech; of intellectual property
plague
noun an annoyance; any large scale calamity (especially when thought to be sent by God)
plain
adj. lacking embellishment or ornamentation; free from any effort to soften to disguise
plasticity
noun the property of being physically malleable; the property of something that can be worked or hammered or shaped without breaking
platitude
noun a trite or obvious remark
plausible
adj. apparently reasonable and valid, and truthful; given to or characterized by presenting specious arguments
playful
adj. full of fun and high spirits
plethora
noun extreme excess
plight
noun a solemn pledge of fidelity; a situation from which extrication is difficult especially an unpleasant or trying one
plodding
adj. (of movement) slow and laborious; noun the act of walking with a slow heavy gait
plummet
noun the metal bob of a plumb line; verb drop sharply
pluralistic
adj. of or relating to the philosophical doctrine of pluralism
poetic
adj. characterized by romantic imagery; characteristic of or befitting poetry
poignant
adj. keenly distressing to the mind or feelings; arousing affect
pointless
adj. lacking import; not having a point especially a sharp point
poisonous
adj. marked by deep ill will; deliberately harmful; not safe to eat
polemical
adj. of or involving dispute or controversy
policy
noun a plan of action adopted by an individual or social group; written contract or certificate of insurance; a line of argument rationalizing the course of action of a government
politicize
verb give a political character to
pollution
noun undesirable state of the natural environment being contaminated with harmful substances as a consequence of human activities; the act of contaminating or polluting; including (either intentionally or accidentally) unwanted substances or factors
polymath
noun a person of great and varied learning
popular
adj. (of music or art) new and of general appeal (especially among young people); carried on by or for the people (or citizens) at large
population
noun the act of populating (causing to live in a place); (statistics) the entire aggregation of items from which samples can be drawn
portentous
adj. of momentous or ominous significance; puffed up with vanity
portraying
noun a representation by picture or portraiture
positioning
adj. causing to fall into line or into position; noun the act of putting something in a certain place
positive
adj. formally laid down or imposed; characterized by or displaying affirmation or acceptance or certainty etc.
possibility
noun a possible alternative; a future prospect or potential
postponed
adj. put off to later
potentate
noun a ruler who is unconstrained by law
potion
noun a medicinal or magical or poisonous beverage
powerful
adj. having great power or force or potency or effect; displaying superhuman strength or power
practical
adj. having or put to a practical purpose or use; concerned with actual use or practice
pragmatic
adj. of or concerning the theory of pragmatism; concerned with practical matters
praise
noun an expression of approval and commendation; offering words of homage as an act of worship; verb express approval of
precarious
adj. affording no ease or reassurance; not secure; beset with difficulties
precede
verb furnish with a preface or introduction; move ahead (of others) in time or space
precedent
adj. preceding in time, order, or significance; noun an example that is used to justify similar occurrences at a later time
precipitate
adj. done with very great haste and without due deliberation; noun a precipitated solid substance in suspension or after settling or filtering; verb separate as a fine suspension of solid particles; hurl or throw violently; bring about abruptly
precise
adj. sharply exact or accurate or delimited; (of ideas, images, representations, expressions) characterized by perfect conformity to fact or truth ; strictly correct
preclude
verb make impossible, especially beforehand; keep from happening or arising; make impossible
precocious
adj. appearing or developing early; characterized by or characteristic of exceptionally early development or maturity (especially in mental aptitude)
precursor
noun a person who goes before or announces the coming of another
predict
verb make a prediction about; tell in advance; indicate by signs
predilection
noun a predisposition in favor of something; a strong liking
preeminence
noun high status importance owing to marked superiority
prejudice
noun a partiality that prevents objective consideration of an issue or situation; verb influence (somebody’s) opinion in advance
prematurely
adv. too soon; in a premature manner; (of childbirth) before the end of the normal period of gestation
prerequisite
adj. required as a prior condition or course of study; noun something that is required in advance
prerogative
noun a right reserved exclusively by a particular person or group (especially a hereditary or official right)
prescient
adj. perceiving the significance of events before they occur
prescriptive
adj. pertaining to giving directives or rules
preserved
adj. kept intact or in a particular condition; prevented from decaying or spoiling and prepared for future use
prestigious
adj. exerting influence by reason of high status or prestige; having an illustrious reputation; respected
presumptuous
adj. excessively forward
preternatural
adj. surpassing the ordinary or normal; existing outside of or not in accordance with nature
pretext
noun something serving to conceal plans; a fictitious reason that is concocted in order to conceal the real reason; an artful or simulated semblance
prevail
verb use persuasion successfully; prove superior
prevalent
adj. encountered generally especially at the present time
prevaricator
noun a person who has lied or who lies repeatedly
prevent
verb prevent from doing something or being in a certain state; keep from happening or arising; make impossible
probability
noun a measure of how likely it is that some event will occur; a number expressing the ratio of favorable cases to the whole number of cases possible
probity
noun complete and confirmed integrity; having strong moral principles
problem
noun a question raised for consideration or solution; a state of difficulty that needs to be resolved
processed
adj. subjected to a special process or treatment; prepared or converted from a natural state by subjecting to a special process
procrastinator
noun someone who postpones work (especially out of laziness or habitual carelessness)
prod
noun a pointed instrument that is used to prod into a state of motion; a verbalization that encourages you to attempt something; verb urge on; cause to act; poke or thrust abruptly; to push against gently
prodigal
adj. marked by rash extravagance; very generous
prodigious
adj. so great in size or force or extent as to elicit awe; far beyond what is usual in magnitude or degree
prodigy
noun an impressive or wonderful example of a particular quality; an unusually gifted or intelligent (young) person; someone whose talents excite wonder and admiration
productive
adj. producing or capable of producing (especially abundantly); yielding positive results
professional
adj. engaged in a profession or engaging in as a profession or means of livelihood;
proficient
adj. having or showing knowledge and skill and aptitude
profitable
adj. promoting benefit or gain; yielding material gain or profit
profiteer
noun someone who makes excessive profit (especially on goods in short supply); verb make an unreasonable profit, as on the sale of difficult to obtain goods
profligacy
noun dissolute indulgence in sensual pleasure; the trait of spending extravagantly
profound
adj. situated at or extending to great depth; too deep to have been sounded or plumbed; coming from deep within one
progenitor
noun an ancestor in the direct line
prognosis
noun a prediction of the course of a disease; a prediction about how something (as the weather) will develop
program
noun a performance (or series of performances) at a public presentation; a series of steps to be carried out or goals to be accomplished; a document stating the aims and principles of a political party; a radio or television show; an integrated course of academic studies; verb arrange a program of or for
progressive
adj. advancing in severity; favoring or promoting reform (often by government action)
prohibited
adj. forbidden by law; excluded from use or mention
prolific
adj. bearing in abundance especially offspring; intellectually productive
prominent
adj. conspicuous in position or importance; having a quality that thrusts itself into attention
promised
adj. assured by (usually) spoken agreement
promote
verb to rfurther the progress of; to raise to a higher rank
proof
adj. (used in combination or as a suffix) able to withstand; noun a trial photographic print from a negative
propagandist
adj. of or relating to or characterized by propaganda; noun a person who disseminates messages calculated to assist some cause or some government
propensity
noun a disposition to behave in a certain way; a natural inclination
prophetic
adj. foretelling events as if by supernatural intervention
propitious
adj. presenting favorable circumstances; likely to result in or show signs or success
proposed
adj. planned for the future
propound
verb put forward, as of an idea
propriety
noun correct or appropriate behavior
prosaic
adj. not challenging; dull and lacking excitement; lacking wit or imagination
prospect
noun the possibility of future success; a prediction of the course of a disease
prospectus
noun a formal written offer to sell securities (filed with the SEC) that sets forth a plan for a (proposed) business enterprise; a catalog listing the courses offered by a college or university
prosperity
noun the condition of prospering; having good fortune; an economic state of growth with rising profits and full employment
protected
adj. guarded from injury or destruction; kept safe or defended from danger or injury or loss
protege
noun a person who receives support and protection from an influential patron who furthers the protege’s career
protest
noun a public (often organized) manifestation of dissent; a formal and solemn declaration of objection
proud
adj. feeling self-respect or pleasure in something by which you measure your self-worth; or being a reason for pride; having or displaying great dignity or nobility
province
noun the proper sphere or extent of your activities; the territory occupied by one of the constituent administrative districts of a nation
provincial
adj. characteristic of the provinces or their people; narrow-minded or unsophisticated
provoked
adj. incited, especially deliberately, to anger
proximity
noun the property of being close together
prudence
noun discretion in practical affairs; knowing how to avoid embarrassment or distress
publicity
noun the quality of being open to public view; a message issued in behalf of some product or cause or idea or person or institution
publicized
adj. made known; especially made widely known
published
adj. prepared and printed for distribution and sale; formally made public
puerile
adj. of or characteristic of a child; displaying or suggesting a lack of maturity
pugnacious
adj. ready and able to resort to force or violence; tough and callous by virtue of experience
punctilious
adj. marked by precise accordance with details
pundit
noun someone who has been admitted to membership in a scholarly field
purifying
adj. freeing from noxious matter; acting like an antiseptic
purveyor
noun someone who supplies provisions (especially food)
puzzlement
noun confusion resulting from failure to understand
quackery
noun medical practice and advice based on observation and experience in ignorance of scientific findings; the dishonesty of a charlatan
qualitative
adj. involving distinctions based on qualities; relating to or involving comparisons based on qualities
quarantine
noun isolation to prevent the spread of infectious disease; enforced isolation of patients suffering from a contagious disease in order to prevent the spread of disease
quarrel
noun an arrow that is shot from a crossbow; has a head with four edges; an angry dispute
querulous
adj. habitually complaining
questionable
adj. able to be refuted; subject to question
quiescent
adj. causing no symptoms; being quiet or still or inactive
quizzical
adj. perplexed (as if being expected to know something that you do not know); playfully vexing (especially by ridicule)
quotidian
adj. found in the ordinary course of events
raconteur
noun a person skilled in telling anecdotes
radical
noun an proponent of social reform; adj. far-reaching or thorough in nature
raiment
noun especially fine or decorative clothing; verb provide with clothes or put clothes on