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Clinical Med B > words for eye quiz > Flashcards

words for eye quiz Flashcards

1
Q

purulent discharge

A

bacterial or gonococcal conjunctivitis

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2
Q

watery discharge

A

viral conjunctivitis

could also be viral keratitis

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3
Q

MC infectious cause of blindness

A

chlamydia trichamona conjunctivitis

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4
Q

stringy discharge

A

allergic conjunctivitis

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5
Q

hyperemia and chemosis

A

allergic conjunctivitis

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6
Q

cobblestone papillae on PE

A

allergic conjunctivitis

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7
Q

indolent with blurred vision… recurrent

A

granulomatous anterior uveitis

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8
Q

mainly histocytes and macrophages

A

granulomatous anterior uveitis

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9
Q

presents with iris nodules and large KPs

A

granulomatous anterior uveitis

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10
Q

presents with hypopyon

A

gran or non gran anterior uveitis
or
bacterial keratitis
or
corneal ulcer caused by GAS or staph

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11
Q

treatment with pupillary dilation

A

gran or non gran anterior uveitis

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12
Q

polymorphonuclear cells

A

non granulomatous uveitis anterior

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13
Q

no iris nodules and smaller KPs

A

non granulomatous uveitis anterior

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14
Q

unilateral pain with photophobia, vision loss, and redness

A

non granulomatous uveitis anterior

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15
Q

caused by ankylosing spondylitis, reactive arthritis, psoriasis, chrons disease

A

non granulomatous uveitis anterior

or

uveitis posterior

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16
Q

caused by juvenile idiopathic arthritis

A

non granulomatous uveitis anterior

or

uveitis posterior

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17
Q

could be caused by vasculitis or pars planitis

A

posterior uveitis

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18
Q

gradual vision loss due to opacities (lesions) with floaters present

A

posterior uveitis

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19
Q

treated w steroids and NO pupillary dialtion

A

posterior uveitis

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20
Q

hazy w/ulcer and adjacent stromal abscess

A

bacterial keratitis

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21
Q

dendritic lesion of corneal ulcer

A

viral keratitis specifically HSV

corneal ulcer caused by HSV

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22
Q

treat with acyclovir or valcyclovir

A

viral keratitis (HSV or HZV)

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23
Q

corneal infiltrate with feathery edges and satellite lesions

A

fungal keratitis

fungal corneal ulcer shows feathery edges with terminal bulbs at the ends. no satellite lesions

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24
Q

treat with natamycin

A

viral keratitis

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25
Q

treat with topical antiseptics

A

acanthamoeba keratitis

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26
Q

severe pain with stromal infiltrates

A

acanthamoeba keratitis

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27
Q

treat with amphotericin

A

fungal keratitis or fungal corneal ulcer

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28
Q

treat with voriconazole

A

fungal keratitis

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29
Q

travels to sensory ganglia

A

viral keratitis (HSV specifically)

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30
Q

can involve trigeminal nerve

A

viral keratitis (HZV specifically)

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31
Q

treat with mast cell stabilizers

A

allergic conjunctivitis

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32
Q

can be caused by anticoagulants

A

subconjunctival hemorrhage

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33
Q

self limiting

A

subconjunctival hemorrhage

or

chalazion

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34
Q

temporal/upper eyelid

A

dacryoadenitis

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35
Q

inferomedial or nasal aspect of eye

A

dacryocystitis

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36
Q

caused by mumps

A

dacrypoadenitis

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37
Q

caused by sjogrens

A

dacryoadenitis

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38
Q

epiphora

A

dacryocystitis

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39
Q

seborrheic

A

blepharitis anterior type that presents as itchy rash w flaky scales

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40
Q

scales in the eyelashes

A

anterior blepharitis

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41
Q

meibomian glands

A

blepharitis posterior

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42
Q

primary glandular dysfunction

A

blepharitis posterior

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43
Q

telangiectasia

A

posterior blepharitis

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44
Q

frothy/greasy tears

A

posterior blepharitis

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45
Q

stye

A

external hordeolum

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46
Q

hordeolum treatment

A

warm compress, incision/drainage

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47
Q

non-tender, hard rubbery nodule on inner conjunctiva

A

chalazion

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48
Q

MC from acute sinusitis through ethmoid boens

A

orbital cellulitis

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49
Q

proptosis present

A

orbital cellulitis

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50
Q

fever and leukocytosis

A

orbital cellulitis

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51
Q

treatment for orbital cellulitis

A

IV vanc + ceftriaxone or cefotaxime

if anaerobic add metro or clinda (levo if PCN allergy)

if trauma use cefazolin or ceftriaxone

after these treatments use bactrim + augmentin (fluoroquinolone w/penicillin allergy)

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52
Q

no proptosis

A

preseptal/periorbital cellulitis

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53
Q

swelling/erythema to superficial orbital septum

A

preseptal/periorbital cellulitis

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54
Q

treatment for preseptal/periorbital cellulitis

A

oral Abx:

augmentin (cefdinir if PCN allergy)
+
Bactrim (clinda if sulfa allergy)

if not improvement in 24-48 hrs, move patient to IP

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55
Q

ciliary flush

A

indicative of corneal ulcer or abrasion

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56
Q

gray/yellow infiltrates and blue-ish green exudates

A

corneal ulcer caused by psuedomonas

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57
Q

severe pain with corneal perforation

A

corneal ulcer caused by pseudomonas

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58
Q

moxi, cipro, tobra, genta, gati

A

pseudomonas corneal ulcer

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59
Q

surrounding stroma infiltrated and edematous with hypopyon

A

corneal ulcer caused by group A strep

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60
Q

moxi, gati, cefazolin

A

Corneal ulcer caused by Group A strep

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61
Q

Corneal infiltrates with firm bed and hypopyon

A

corneal ulcer caused by staph

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62
Q

moxi, gati, cefazolin, Vanc

A

corneal ulcer caused by staph

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63
Q

indolent gray infiltrates w/ irregular edges

A

corneal ulcers caused by fungus

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64
Q

voriconazole, amphotercin B, posaconazole

A

corneal ulcer causd by fungus

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65
Q

teary, photophobia, irritation, reduced vision, corneal blindness

A

corneal ulcer caused by herpes simplex virus

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66
Q

acyclovir, idoxuridine, ganciclovir

A

corneal ulcer caused by HSV

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67
Q

treatment for entropion

A

botox temporary

surgery if lashes begin to rub on cornea

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68
Q

treatment for ectropion

A

surgery if excessive tearing, exposure keratitis, or cosmetic problems

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69
Q

this can be caused by stress and fatigue

A

blepharospasm

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70
Q

decreased caffiene can help this

A

blepharospasm

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71
Q

dysgenesis of levator palpebrae superioris

A

congenital cause of ptosis

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72
Q

causes include trauma, eye surgery, contact lens wearers

A

acquired causes of ptosis

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73
Q

causes include stretching eyelid skin and subcutaneous fat

A

mechanical cause of ptosis

74
Q

stretching of tendon in eye

A

aponeurotic cause of ptosis

75
Q

horner’s syndrome, myasthenia gravis, third nerve palsy

A

neurological causes of ptosis.

76
Q

non surgical treatment for ptosis

A

oxymetazoline eye drops or alpha adrenergic receptor agonist.

77
Q

marginal reflex distance

A

used to measure ptosis
2mm = mild
3mm = moderate
4mm = severe

78
Q

prolonged exposure to wind, sun, sand, and dust

79
Q

triangular encroachment of conjunctiva to cornea

80
Q

artificial tears, NSAIDS, weak corticosteroirds

A

treatment for pterygium

81
Q

pt lives in west texas, recently experienced a bad dust storm…. in which he worked…. cuz texans are crazy

A

pinguecula

82
Q

yellowish-orange raised conjunctival lesions

A

pinguecula

83
Q

keratoconjunctivitis sicca

84
Q

vitamin A deficiency

A

keratoconjunctivitis sicca (dry eye)

85
Q

lip surface abnormalities or epitheleal abnormalities

A

keratoconjunctivitis sicca (dry eye)

86
Q

systemic or ocular medications can lead to this

A

keratoconjunctivitis sicca (dry eye)

87
Q

diseases associated with tear film components lead to this

A

keratoconjunctivitis sicca (dry eye)

88
Q

ophthalmic surgery

A

keratoconjunctivitis sicca (dry eye)

89
Q

artificial tears and ointment

A

keratoconjunctivitis sicca (dry eye)

90
Q

cylosporine

A

keratoconjunctivitis sicca (dry eye) treatment. not first line

91
Q

punctal plugs

A

keratoconjunctivitis sicca (dry eye) used to plug drainage of tears to keep them from draining into ducts

92
Q

slit lamp exam for keratoconjunctivitis sicca (dry eye)

A

absence of tears in meniscus at lower lid margain. thickened. hyperemic bulbar conjunctiva

93
Q

slit lamp exam shows absence of tears in meniscus at lower lid margain. thickened. hyperemic bulbar conjunctiva

A

keratoconjunctivitis sicca (dry eye)

94
Q

fluorescien staining examins:

A

epithelial defecrts

95
Q

rose bengal staining examins

A

corneal + conjunctival epithelial cell defects

96
Q

lissamine green staining examins

A

corneal + conjunctival epithelial cell defects

97
Q

schirmers test

A

tear production, used for dry eye

98
Q

tear break up time

A

measures mucin (dry eye test)

99
Q

gradual bilateral blurriness w glare at night and w bright lights.

100
Q

opacity of crytalline lens

101
Q

loss of central vision bilaterally

A

macular degeneration

102
Q

no exudates w retinal drusen

A

atrophic (dry) macular degeneration

103
Q

exudates present with new vessels grown between retina and bruch’s membrane

A

neovascular (wet) macular degeneration

104
Q

hard, yellow retinal deposits

A

retinal drusen, indicative of atrophic (dry) macular degeneration

105
Q

VEGF inhibitors

A

neovascular (wet) macular degeneration

106
Q

stop smoking, increase vit C, copper, zinc, carotinoids

A

macular degeneration

107
Q

increased risk w white, female, FMHx, HTN, HLD, smoking

A

macular degeneration

108
Q

hemorrhages and blotches w rapid vision loss

A

neovascular (wet) macular degeneration

109
Q

lens located too far forward and resist against iris

A

primary angle closure glaucoma

110
Q

ciliary body pushes forward or iris deforms and retracts into trabecular meshwork

A

secondary angle closure glaucoma

111
Q

asian, FMHx, female, hyperopia

A

risks for narrow/acute angle closure glaucoma

112
Q

mild dilated pupil with poor light reaction. conjunctival redness present

A

narrow/acute angle closure glaucoma

113
Q

halos around lights

A

narrow/acute angle closure glaucoma

114
Q

corneal edema or cloudiness (red steamy cornea)

A

narrow/acute angle closure glaucoma

115
Q

1st line acetazolamide

A

narrow/acute angle closure glaucoma

could technically be open angle as well

116
Q

pilocarpine

A

can be used first line for narrow angle closure glaucoma once IOP drops below 50

117
Q

antiemetic, analgesic

A

used in emergent situations alongside acetozolamide and pilocarpine and supine placement for narrow/acute angle closure glaucoma

118
Q

gonioscopy

A

narrow/acute angle closure glaucoma

119
Q

indention gonioscopy

A

check for narrow/acute angle closure glaucoma to see if completely closed or for scarring

120
Q

degeneration and slow trabecular network

A

open angle/chronic glaucoma.

121
Q

cupping causing loss of ganglion axons

A

open angle/chronic glaucoma.

122
Q

progressive peripheral vision loss leading to central vision loss

A

open angle/chronic glaucoma.

123
Q

Hypothyroidism, age, white/black, HTN, DM, CVD,

A

risk increases for open angle/chronic glaucoma.

124
Q

prostaglandins

A

open angle/chronic glaucoma.

125
Q

beta blockers aka timolol

A

open angle/chronic glaucoma.

126
Q

alpha 2 adrenergic receptor agonist (apraclonidine)

A

open angle/chronic glaucoma.

could also theoretically treat ptosis

127
Q

visual field testing

A

open angle/chronic glaucoma.

128
Q

schiotz tonometry GREATER than 40

A

open angle/chronic glaucoma.

129
Q

interferes with cAMP

130
Q

iris dilation

A

alpha 2 andrenergic agonsit (apraclonidine)

131
Q

pupil constriction med

A

cholinergic agonist (pilocarpine)

132
Q

med to decreased aqueous humor production

A

carbonic anhydrase inhibitor (acetazolamide)

133
Q

1st line bacitracin-polymyxin drops

A

corneal abrasion

could also be used for corneal foreign body or anterior blepharitis

134
Q

non first line treatment for corneal abrasion

A

proparacaine, tetracaine,
short acting cycloplegic: cyclopentolate or homatropine
NSAID eye drop: diclofenac

135
Q

morgan lens

A

irigation of an alkaline or acidic burn. goal is to reach eye pH of 7

136
Q

cyclopenate

A

corneal abrasion, chemical keratitis, UV keratitis

137
Q

binocular patching

A

UV keratitis

138
Q

punctate keratitis showing up as speckles on fluorescein stain

A

UV keratitis

139
Q

saline flush, sterile eye spud, small 25 gauge needle

A

corneal foreign body removal

140
Q

anterior chamber vascular disruption

141
Q

supine position w head at 45 degree angle w eye shield

142
Q

NO NSAIDS or aspirin

143
Q

MC bone break in orbital blow out

144
Q

palpable crepitus due to collection of air in sinuses

A

orbital blowout fracture

145
Q

enophthalmos

A

orbital blowout fracture

146
Q

RESTRICTION of upper gaze

A

orbital blowout fracture

147
Q

ipsilateral anesthesia from damage to V2 of trigeminal nerve

A

orbital blowout fracture

148
Q

systemic abx and systemic steroids for swelling

A

orbital blowout fracture

149
Q

CT scan

A

orbital cellulitis or orbital blowout fracture

150
Q

inferior wall orbital blowout effects

A

maxillary sinus

151
Q

medial wall orbital blowout effects

A

ethmoid sinus

152
Q

teardrop pupil

A

ruptured globe or penetrating trauma

153
Q

subconjunctival hemorrhage, hyphema, bloody chemosis and one more key symptom that is not listed.

A

ruptured globe or penetrating trauma

key symptom is teardrop pupil

154
Q

supine w head at 45*, eye shield, vanc + ceftazideme

A

ruptured globe or penetrating trauma

155
Q

amaurosis fugax as a symptom

A

CRAO, CRVOi think someone plz help me find these

156
Q

sudden painless monocular loss vision and cherry red spot at fovea

157
Q

“box car” segmentation of veins or arteries

158
Q

RAPD

A

CRAO, optic neuritis

159
Q

obtaining labs including ESR and CRP to rule out giant cell arthritis as a cause.

160
Q

supine with occular massage and high flow O2

161
Q

IV acetazolamide or mannitol

162
Q

when do you use corticosteroids to treat CRAO

A

when the cause is giant cell arteritis

163
Q

considered a form of stroke

164
Q

Giant cell arteritis, HLD, HTN, DM

165
Q

sudden acute painless monocular vision loss with blood and fluid leakage. also see macular edema and neovascularization

166
Q

presents with Optic disc edema, retinal hemorrhages, macular edema, and neurovascularization

167
Q

Anti-VEGF as 1st line

168
Q

intravitreal corticosteroids 2nd line

169
Q

laser photocoagulation

A

retinal detachment and CRVO

170
Q

PE shows cotton wool spots, venous dilation and tortuosity, retinal hemorrhages, and optic disc swelling

171
Q

posterior vitreous detachment

A

retinal detachment

172
Q

photopsia

A

Retinal detachment

173
Q

monocular decreased vision w central vision intact. floaters and eye pain present. exam shows elevated retina

A

retinal detachment

174
Q

PE shows retinal elevated with irregular surface and multiple tears or holes

A

retinal detachment

175
Q

demyelinating diseases, MS, Sarcoidosis, V Zoster, SLE, meningitis, paranasal sinusitis

A

optic neuritis

176
Q

subacute unilateral central vision loss with pain behind the eye and with EOM. loss of color vision and perception

A

optic neuritis

177
Q

IV methylprednisoolone then taper to prednisone

A

optic neuritis

178
Q

optic disc swelling from increased ICP

A

papilledema

179
Q

disc margains blurred

A

papilledema

180
Q

flame shaped hemorrhages

A

papilledema

181
Q

DONT DO LP

A

papilledema

Clinical Med B (22 decks)

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