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Clinical Med B > trigger words (vertigo and tinnitus) > Flashcards

trigger words (vertigo and tinnitus) Flashcards

1
Q

CNS lesion or vestibular disease

A

causes of disequilibrium

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2
Q

often 1st sign of MS

A

disequilibrium

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3
Q

aural fullness

A

menieres

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4
Q

abnormal of this type of eye movement suggests cerebellar pathologies

A

pursuit or saccade eye movements

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5
Q

snapping a patient’s head from 45 degree angles back to face while they watch your nose

A

head impulse test

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6
Q

if there is no nystagmus this test is positive

A

the caloric test

indicates vestibular, nerve or brain damage

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7
Q

what should you do if you suspect central etiologies or an acoustic neuroma w vertigo

A

an MRI

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8
Q

performed w caloric or chair tilt/movement testing

A

ENG/VNG tests

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9
Q

this test specifically tests otolith function

A

VEMP

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10
Q

measures muscle reaction in response to sound stimulus

A

VEMP

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11
Q

saccule sound response triggers what response

A

ipsilateral SCM contraction

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12
Q

utricle sound response triggers what response

A

EOM potential during head vibraiton

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13
Q

otolith in the possterior semicircular canal

A

BPPV

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14
Q

women past menopause
frequent OM
age>50
whiplash/trauma

A

risk factors for BPPV

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15
Q

vertigo spells lasting less than 1 minute

A

BPPV

could also be perilymphatic fistulas and semicircular canal dehiscence (this lasts only seconds)

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16
Q

short vertigo resulting from turning over in bed

A

BPPV

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17
Q

BPPV subtype w vertical nystagmus

A

horizontal/lateral canal

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18
Q

upward torsional nystagmus

A

BPPV in posterior canal

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19
Q

downward, torsional nystagmus

A

superior/anterior canal BPPV

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20
Q

epley manuever

A

BPPV Otolith REPOSITIONING

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21
Q

semont maneuver

A

BPPV DECONDITIONING

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22
Q

Brandt-Daroff maneuver

A

BPPV deconditioning

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23
Q

treatment used for posterior canal nystagmus on dix-hallpike

A

epley maneuver (otolith repositioning)

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24
Q

deconditioning by turning your head and laying down repeatedly till vertigo goes away

A

Brandt-Daroff maneuver

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25
Q

involving vestibular division of CN8

A

vestibular neuronitis

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26
Q

involving vestibular and cochlear division of CN8

A

vestibular labyrinthitis

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27
Q

due to viral or post-inflammation

A

vestibular inflammation

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28
Q

asymmetrical labyrinthine inputs

A

vestibular neuronitis/labyrinthitis

stimulates continuous head rotation.

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29
Q

gait instability TOWARDS the affected side

A

vestibular inflammation

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30
Q

horizontal nystagmus AWAY from affected side

A

vestibular inflammation

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31
Q

what test is used to rule out central etiologies

A

head impulse test

in very suspicious cases you can use MRI

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32
Q

corticosteroids w/i 3 days onset and acyclovir/valacyclovir or ABX

A

treatment for underlying causes of vestibular inflammation

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33
Q

promethazine, zofran
meclizine
diazepam/lorazepam

A

treats symptoms of vertigo (N/V, anxiety, inflammation)

im assuming the antihistamine is for inflammtion but tbh idk

34
Q

vestibular rehabilitation therapy

A

used for vestibular inflammation

can be for months to years

35
Q

endolymphatic hydrops

A

menieres

Endolymphatic hydrops thought to be due to excess endolymph in the inner ear.

36
Q

head injury/trauma, syphilis, female gender

A

suspected etiologies for menieres

also associated w the age 20-40 as well as blocked endolymphatic ducts.

37
Q

unilateral sensorineural hearing loss, tinnitus, vertigo lasting 20min-1 hour

A

triad for menieres disease

38
Q

low frequency sensorineural hearing loss and “blowing” tinnitus

39
Q

episodic NV w vertigo, hearing improves between episodes

40
Q

Clinically diagnosed.

A

Menieres
barotrauma

41
Q

low salt diet, decrease caffeine and alcohol.

42
Q

chronic treatment includes diuretics such as acetazolamide or HCTZ

43
Q

positive pressure pulsation into inner ear as treatment

A

non destructive treatment for refractory meniere’s

44
Q

Intratympanic corticosteroid injections

A

non destructive treatment for refractory meniere’s

can also be used to treat tinnitus!

45
Q

Endolymphatic shunt

A

non destructive treatment for refractory meniere’s

46
Q

vestibular nerve resection

A

destructive intervention treatment for refractory meniere’s

47
Q

Surgical labyrinthectomy

A

destructive intervention treatment for refractory meniere’s

48
Q

Intratympanic gentamicin injections

A

destructive intervention treatment for refractory meniere’s

49
Q

leaking perilymphatic fluid from inner to middle ear

A

perilymphatic fistula

50
Q

thinning/absence of the bone above the superior semicircular canal

A

semicircular canal dehiscence

51
Q

can be caused by valsalva, barotrauma or trauma.

A

risk factors for semicircular canal dehiscence or perilymphatic fistula

52
Q

semicircular canal dehiscence hearing loss type

A

conductive

53
Q

perilymphatic fistulas hearing loss type

A

sensorineural

54
Q

tullio phenomenon

A

dizziness induced by sound
seen in perilymphatic fistulas and semicircular canal dehiscence

55
Q

MRI/CT shows fluid accumulation in round window recess

A

perilymphatic fistula

56
Q

MRI/CT shows thin or absent bone above superior semicircular canal

A

Semicircular canal dehiscence

57
Q

bed rest with head elevated. PRN symptomatic meds

A

perilymphatic fistula or semicircular canal dehiscence

58
Q

refractory tx = surgical patch

A

perilymphatic fistula or semicircular canal dehiscence

59
Q

buildup of pressure between middle and inner ear

A

barotrauma

60
Q

negative pressure in middle ear

A

barotrauma

61
Q

eustachian tube dysfunction

A

barotrauma

62
Q

inward bulge of eardrum towards inner ear

A

blocked eustachian tube w barotrauma

63
Q

ear pressure/pain, vertigo, hearing loss unilateral (can be bilateral), tinnitus

A

barotrauma

64
Q

on exam you see hemorrhage behind TM

A

barotrauma

65
Q

on exam you see TM perforation

A

barotrauma

66
Q

myringotomy

A

barotrauma

67
Q

tympanoplasty

A

barotrauma

68
Q

use decongestants

A

prevention for barotrauma

69
Q

vascular, neuromuscular, or eustachian tube etiologies

A

pulsatile tinnitus

70
Q

tumor of middle ear w HIGH vascularity

A

paraganglioma/glomus tumor

71
Q

significant weight loss

A

cause of open eustachian tube leading to

patulous eustachian tube

72
Q

autophony

A

patulous eustachian tube

73
Q

mucosal irritants or surgery as tx

A

patulous eustachian tube

74
Q

“roaring” tinnitus

A

patulous eustachian tube

75
Q

PE: ENT, CV, CN

A

tinnitus PE

76
Q

MRI to r/o vascular abnormalities

77
Q

worsened by depression and insomnia

78
Q

TRT

A

tinnitus retraining therapy
used for tinnitus

79
Q

CBT

80
Q

stress reduction as treatment

81
Q

Noise inducing generators + counseling.

82
Q

TMS

Clinical Med B (22 decks)

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