Words Flashcards
Empirical Methods
Approaches to inquiry that are tied to actual measurement and observation
Measurable, observable and repeatable
Ethics
Professional guidelines that offer researchers a template for making decisions that protect research participants from potential harm and that help steer scientists away from COI or other situations that might compromise the integrity of their research
Hypotheses
A logical idea that can be tested
Systematic obs
OBS of the natural world with the aim of better understanding it provide basic data allowing scientists to track, tally and organise info about the world
Theories
Group of closely related phenomena or obs
Within-subject design
participants are exposed to all the experimental conditions and tested repeatedly.
I.e. one subject treated with three different psychotherapy methods over 3 sessions and effects of each measured
Operational Definition
Allows us to measure real and hypothetical constructs we observe
Operationalising
Turning abstract constructs into a measurable variable
i.e. intelligence into IQ test, Reading ability into correct words read per minute
Between-subject design
each participant would be assigned to only one group, and receive only one of the psychotherapy treatments
Counterbalancing
a systematic means of controlling for carry-over and order effects during within-subject tests.
the different treatments or levels of the independent variable are presented to the participants in all possible orders. i.e. half the group have therapy A then B and the other have B then A
this way you can clarify if the success is due to the order of the tests or independent
Single Blind Study
When the participant doesnt know if they’re in the control or experiment group
Double Blind study
when neither the experimenter or the participant know if they’re in the control or experiment group.
i.e. solomons blood transfusions
correlational coefficient
the statistic used to measure the strength and nature of a relationship between two variables.
A correlation is represented by a statistic “r” which is a number in the range -1 to +1 with 0 as the midpoint
Quasi-experimental design
An experiment that does not require random assignment to conditions.
Random assignment
Assigning participants to receive different conditions of an experiment by chance.
