Words 131-140

Question 1

Bandwagon Approach

Answer 1

“Everybody is doing it.” This argumentum ad
populum asserts that, since the majority of people believes an argument or chooses a particular course of action, the argument must be true, or the course of action must be followed, or the decision must be the best choice.
For instance, “85% of consumers purchase IBM computers rather than Macintosh; all those people can’t be wrong. IBM must make the best
computers.” Popular acceptance of any argument does not prove it to be valid, nor does popular use of any product necessarily prove it is the best
one

Question 2

Patriotic Approach

Answer 2

“Draping oneself in the flag.” This argument asserts
that a certain stance is true or correct because it is somehow patriotic, and that those who disagree are unpatriotic. It overlaps with pathos and
argumentum ad hominem to a certain extent. The best way to spot it is to look for emotionally charged terms like Americanism, rugged individualism, motherhood, patriotism, godless communism, etc.

Question 3

Snob Approach

Answer 3

This type of argumentum ad populum doesn’t assert
“everybody is doing it,” but rather that “all the best people are doing it.” For instance, “Any true intellectual would recognize the necessity for
studying logical fallacies.” The implication is that anyone who fails to recognize the truth of the author’s assertion is not an intellectual, and thus
the reader had best recognize that necessity.

Question 4

134

Answer 4

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Question 5

Appeal to Improper Authority

Answer 5

such as famous or a source that mat not be reliable, attempts to capitalize upon feelings of respect or
familiarity with a famous individual`
- appeal to biased authority: the authority is the one who is actually knowledge on the matter, but one who may have professional or personal motivations that render his professional judgement suspect, “To determine whether fraternities are beneficial to this campus, we interviewed all the frat presidents

Question 6

Appeal to Emotions

Answer 6

“argument from pity”; an emotional appeal concerning what should be a logical issue during a debate. While pathos generally works to reinforce a reader’s sense of duty or outrage at some abuse. if a writer tries to use emotions merely for the sake of the reader to accept what should be logical conclusion, the argument is a fallacy

Question 7

Argument from Adverse Consequences

Answer 7

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Question 8

Argument from personal incredulity (disbelief)

Answer 8

asserting that opponents argument must be false because you personally don’t understand it or cant follow its technicalities. for instance, one person might assert, “ I don’t understand that engineers’ argument about how airplanes fly.” Au contraire that speaker’s own mental limitations do not limit the physical world- so airplanes may very well be able to fly in spite of a person’s inability to understand how they work. One person’s comprehension is not relevant to the truth of a matter

Question 9

140

Answer 9

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Question 10

135

Answer 10

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