wording

Question 1

Constitutional Isomers (Structural)

Answer 1

have the same molecular formula but their atoms are arranged in a different order. (they differ in the arrangement of atoms)

Question 2

Cis-Trans Isomers

Answer 2

have the same order of attachment of atoms but the arrangement of atoms in space is different.

Question 3

A polymer is

Answer 3

a large molecule made up of many small repeating units (called monomers)

Question 4

Polymerization is

Answer 4

the reaction in which the monomers join together to form the large molecule (addition polymerization)

Question 5

Haloalkanes reaction with KMNO4-/H+ (aq)

Answer 5

insoluble in aq and will form two layers

Question 6

Carboxylic acid reaction with (aq)

Answer 6

soluble and will dissolve, one layer

Question 7

Substitution reaction

Answer 7

is occurring as one atom group is substituted for another atom/group

Question 8

Asymmetrical Alcohol

Answer 8

two products can be formed depending upon which neighboring carbon atom the H atom is eliminated from.

Question 9

Major Product (reverse marnikovs)

Answer 9

forms when the OH group is eliminated along with one H atom from the neighboring carbon with the least amount of H atoms attached.

Question 10

The double bonds in each
(addition polymerasiation)

Answer 10

… unit is broken leaving a single c-c bond and enabling two new single c-c bonds to form between monomer units therefore constructing many monomers into long repeating polymer chains

Question 11

Saturated Molecule

Answer 11

containing only single c-c bonds are less reactive compared to the unsaturated double c=c bonds.

Question 12

Geometric Isomers must contain

Answer 12

a c=c double bond to prevent rotation of the attached atoms around the bond, fixing the atoms position in space. This lack of free rotation about the double bond means there will be two different arrangements for groups around the double bond. It must also have two different atoms/groups attached to each carbon involved in the double bond.

Question 13

Ethyne is

Answer 13

slighty soluble

Question 14

An addition reaction is

Answer 14

one where the double or triple bond breaks and other atoms are introduced into the organic molecule. The molecule becomes more saturated.

Question 15

Alkenes are gases

Answer 15

at room temp

Question 16

For Elimination Reaction involving unsymmetrical haloalkane molecules
(major product)

Answer 16

the major product is the one where the hydrogen atom lost is removed from the carbon atom of the double bond containing the fewer hydrogen atoms.

Question 16

Elimination Reaction

Answer 16

is one where two atoms or groups are removed from adjacent carbon atoms. This introduces a double bond into the organic molecule thus reducing the degree of saturation of the molecule.

Question 17

Alcohol Properties
(polar, why solubility why)

Answer 17

Polar due to the OH group. Butanol and below is soluble in water. As the length of the carbon chain increases, the non polar part of the molecule becomes larger and large and large alcohol molecules are insoluble in water and non polar

Question 18

Boiling and Melting points of Alcohols

Answer 18

increase as the size of the molecule increases as the force of attraction gets stronger. Attraction between molecules increases due to the polarity of the alcohol groups.

Question 19

Primary Alcohol added to Cr2072-/H+ (Mn04-/H+)

Answer 19

it will form a carboxylic acid and the orange solution will turn green as Cr2072- ions are reduced to Cr3+ ions.
Purple to colorless MnO4-/H+ to colorless MN2+

Question 20

Carboxylic acids properties
(polarity, solubility)

Answer 20

Colorless liquids or white solids
Polar due to the COOH- group, the oxygen molecule is highly electronegative. Small carboxylic acids are soluble but as the length of the nonpolar carbon chain increases the polarity decreases and they become insoluble.

Question 21

Boiling/Melting Points of Carboxylic acids

Answer 21

increases as the carboxylic molecule increases due to the stronger attractive forces.

Question 22

Carboxylic acids are weak so

Answer 22

will partially ionise in water

Question 23

Conductivity of Carboxylic acids

Answer 23

good due to the presence of ions free to move

Question 24

Salts of Carboxylic acids are named by

Answer 24

changing the ending from oic to oate

Question 25

Amine Properties
(Red litmus, conductivity)

Answer 25

turns red litmus blue
conducts electricity- ions free to move

Question 26

Amine Boiling/Melting Point

Answer 26

Higher melting and boiling points than alkanes as the NH2 group is polar due to the electronegative N atom.

Question 27

Amine Room Temp

Answer 27

gases, propanamine- liquid, large molar mass amines are solids

Question 28

Amine Solubility

Answer 28

Lower mass amines are soluble in water, solubility decreases as the length of the hydrocarbon chain increases

Question 29

Addition Polymerization occurs when

Answer 29

a large number of small alkene molecules are joined together to form a single molecule known as a polymer. The reaction occurs when the double bond in each monomer is broken and replaced by a new bond to a carbon atom in an adjacent molecule linking monomers together in a long chain.

Question 30

Salts of Amines are named by

Answer 30

adding yl to the prefix and adding ammonium
Ethanamine salt is ethlyammonium