Word roots of hematological systems and immunological systems Flashcards
What are the 3 types of cells (cytes) found in blood? And their duties?
Red blood cells (erythocytes) : transport O2 to cells and remove waste
White blood cells (leukocytes) : fight infection
Platlets (thrombocytes) : patch things up
What are the 4 types of white blood cells that fight infection called?
neutrophils
lymphocytes
basophils
eosinophils
What are immunoglobulins?
Protective proteins that protect the body against severe illness
What cell is the smallest in the blood? Their job?
Platelets : patches any broken blood vessels
what is coagulation??
coagulo refers to the bloods ability to form clots
Root word for clot? and what does it do?
thromb/o
hemophilia is a disease in which the blood doesn’t clot properly
Cell?
cyt/o
vein?
phleb/o
ven/o
what is included in the lymphatic system?
lymphatic muscles, lymph nodes, tonsils, spleen, thymus
what is the main process of the lymphatic system?
filters out dangerous things like cancer and infectious agents
bone marrow/spine? and what is it’s job?
myel/o : the innermost part
-penia ?
deficiency
what is ecchymosis?
bruising easily , happens when platlet levels are low
small, flat, red spots on skin?
petechia
what happens when WBC is low?
more vulnerable to infection
define lymphadenopathy
swollen lymph nodes
swelling in extremities?
lymphedema
hemophilia
hemo/phil/is
blood/love/condition
condition which blood doesn’t clot properly, causes excessive bleeding
ecchymosis
large bruise
petechaie
small bruise
reperfusion injury
re/per/fusion/injury
injury to tissue that occurs after blood flow is restored
lymphedema
swelling caused by abnormal accumulation of lymph, usually in extremities
Higher than normal red blood cell count is called what? and what are the dangers of it?
eythrocytosis or polycythemia
can make blood hard to flow through
what is a low number of WBC called? and what does it mean for the patient?
luekopenia
weakened immune system (immunodeficiency)
specific kind of WBC
neutrophils
High counts of WBC
leukocytosis
can indicate infection or cancer
thrombocytopenia
low platelet numbers , easy bleeding and bruising
thrombocytosis
too many platelets , inflammation
what is a thromboembolism?
when platelets are too high
abnormal blood clotting and forming floating clot
what causes microcytosis? (small RBC)
iron deficiency and lead poisoning
what causes macrocytosis? (enlarged blood cells)
folate or B12 deficiency
what is normocytic cells?
normal-sized blood cells
includes bleeding and anemia from chronic disease
blood cells with abnormal shapes?
spherocytes and elliptocytes
lymphadenopathy
swollen and painful lymph nodes
splenomegaly
enlarged spleen
lymphedema
swelling in arms and legs
lymphangiogram
image test that examines blood vessel
asplenia
absence of spleen
anisocytosis
an/iso/cyt/osis
not/equal/cell/condition
condition characterized by a great inequality in the size of red blood cells
ellipocyte (THINK how an elliptical moves)
ellipto/cyte
oval shaped/cell
oval red blood cells
elliptocytosis
ellipto/cyt/osis
oval shaped/cell/condition
condition characterized by an increase in the number of oval shaped red blood cells
embolus
em/bolus
in/throw
mass of matter present in the blood
eythrocytosis
eythro/cyt/osis
red/cell/condition
abnormal increase in number of RBC
hematopoiesis
hemato/poiesis
blood/formation
formation of blood cells
leukopenia
leuko/penia
white/deficiency
deficiency in white blood cells
macrocytosis
macro/cyt/osis
large/cell/condition
condition characterized by large RBC
microcytosis
micro/cyt/osis
small/cell/condition
condition characterized by small rbc
myelopoiesis
myelo/poiesis
bone marrow/formation
formation of bone marrow
normocyte
normo/cyte
normal/cell
normal sized rbc
oligocythemia
oligo/cyt/hemia
few/cell/blood condition
deficiency in the # of rbc
pancytopenia
pan/cyto/penia
all/cell/deficiency
deficiency in all cellular components of the blood
phagocytosis
phago/cyt/osis
eat/cell/condition
process in which phagocytes (a type of wbc) destroy (or eat) foreign microorganisms or cell debris
poikilocytosis
poikilo/cyt/osis
various/cell/condition
condition characterized by red blood cells in a variety of shapes
polycythemia
poly/cyt/hemia
many/cell/blood condition
excess of red blood cells
reticulocyte (think rediculous)
reticulo/cyte
net/cell
immature red blood cell; the root comes from its netlike appearance
spherocyte
sphero/cyte
sphere/cell
red blood cell that assumes a spherical shape
thrombocyte
thrombo/cyte
clot/cell
cell that helps blood clot; also known as a platelet
thrombocytopenia
thrombo/cyto/penia
clot/cell/deficiency
defienciey in the number of platelets (clot cells)
thrombocytosis
thrombo/cyt/osis
clot/cell/condition
increase in the number of platelets (clot cells)
thromboembolism
thrombo/embol/sim
clot/embolus/condition
blockage of a vessel (embolism) caused by a clot that has broken off from where it formed
thrombogenic
thrombo/gen/ic
clot/formation/pertaining to
capable of producing a blood clot
thrombosis
thromb/osis
clot/condition
the formation of a blood clot
thrombus (think of crafts…)
blood clot that is stationary and is a clot of blood
splenectopy
splen/ec/top/y
soleen/out/place/condition
displacement of the spleen; sometimes called floating spleen
splenomegaly
spleno/megaly
spleen/enlargement
enlargement of the spleen
splenoptosis
spleno/ptosis
spleen/dropping condition
downward displacement (drooping) of the spleen
thymic hyperplasia
thym/ic hyper/plasia
thymus/pertaining to
over/formation
overdevelopment of the thymus
thymic hyperplasia
thym/ic hyper/plasia
thymus/pertaining to
over/formation
overdevelopment of the thymus
hematocrit
hemato/crit
blood/judge (separate)
test to judge or separate the blood; it is used to determine the ratio of rbc to total blood volume
hemoglobin
hemo/globin
blood/globe
iron-containing pigment in rbc that carrie’s oxygen to the cells (proteins)
hypoperfusion
hypo/per/fusion
under/through/pour
inadequate flow of blood
immunoglobulin
immuno/globulin
immune system/sphere
protein that provides protection (immunity) against disease
lymphangiogram
lymph/angio/gram
lymph/vessel/record
record of the study of lymph vessels
lymphangiography
lymph/angio/graphy
lymph/vessel/writing procedure
procedure to study the lymph vessels
perfusion
per/fusion
through/poor
circulation of blood thru tissue
phlebology
phlebo/logy
vein/study of
study of veins
sphygmomanometer
sphygmo/mano/meter
strangle/thin/instrument for measuring
fancy name for the device used to measure blood pressure
sphygmomanometer
sphygmo/mano/meter
strangle/thin/instrument for measuring
fancy name for the instrument used to measure blood pressure
antibody
substance produced by the body in response to an antigen
antigen
anti/gen
against/creator
substance that causes the body to produce antibodies
coagulopathy
coagulopathy
coagulation/disease
any disease that deals with problems in blood coagulation
deep vein thrombosis
deep vein thromb/osis
deep vein/clot/condition
formation of a blood clot in a vein deep in the body, most commonly the leg
hemoglobinopathy
hemo/globino/pathy
blood/globe/disease
disease of the hemoglobin
hypercoagulability
hyper/coagul/ability
over/coagulation/ability
increase ability of the blood to coagulate
immunosuppression
immuno/suppression
immune/suppression
reduction in the activity of the body’s immune system
ischemia
isch/emia
hold back/blood condition
blockage of blood flow to an organ
phlebarteriectasia
phleb/arteri/ecstasia
vein/artery/dilation
dilation of blood vessels
thrombophlebitis
thrombo/phleb/itis
clot/vein/inflammation
inflammation of a vein caused by a clot
aplastic anemia
a/plas/tic an/emia
no/formation/pertaining to/ no/blood/condition
anemia caused by rbc not being formed in sufficient quantities
hemolytic anemia
hemo/lytic
an/emia
blood/breakdown/no/blood condition
anemia caused by the destruction of rbc
bilirubinemia
bili/rubin/emia
bile/red/blood condition
presence of bilirubin in the blood
hypervolemia
hyper/vol/emia
over/volume/blood condition
increased blood volume
septicemia
septic/emia
rotting/blood condition
presence of disease causing microorganisms in the blood
uremia
ur/emia
urine/blood condition
presence of urine in the blood
hypersplenism
hyper/splen/ism
over/spleen/condition
increased spleen activity
lymphangiectasia
lymph/angi/ecstasia
lymph/vessel/dilation
dilation of a lymph vessel, normally noticed by swelling in the extremities
mononucleosis
mono/nucle/osis
one/nucleus/condition
condition characterized by an abnormally large number of mononuclear luekocytes
myelodysplasia
myelo/dys/plas/ia
bone marrow/bad/formation/condition
disease characterized by poor production of blood cells by the bone marrow
osteomyelitis
osteo/myel/itis
bone/bone marrow/inflammation
inflammation of bone and bone marrow
splenorrhexis
spleno/rrhexis
spleen/rupture
rupture of the spleen
lymphoma
lymph/oma
lymph/tumor
tumor originating in lymphocytes
immunocompromised
immuno/comprised
immune/compromised
having an immune system incapable of responding normally and completely to a pathogen or disease
what is involved w treatment for blood problems?
medicine and transfusions
what medicines can help platelet problems?
thrombolytics (medicines to break clots)
anticoagulants (medicines that prevent clots)
what is the treatment for diseases of the lymphatic system?
Sx
hemo static
hemo/static
blood/standing
drug that stops the flow of blood
laparosplenectomy
laparo/splen/ectomy
abdomen/spleen/removal
Sx removal of the spleen through the abdomen
nephrosplenopexy
nephro/spleno/pexy
kidney/spleen/fixation
Sx fixation of the spleen and kidney
aphresis
general term for a process, similar to dialysis, that draws out a patient’s blood, removes something from it, then returns the rest of the blood to the patients body
cytapheresis
cyt/aphresis
cell/separation
aphresis to remove cellular material
plasmaphresis
plasm/aphresis
plasma/separation
aphresis to remove plasma
plateletphresis
platelet/phresis
platelet/separation
aphresis to remove platelets
(for the purpose of donating them to patients in need of platelets)
AIDS
acquired immunodeficiency syndrome
ALL
acute lymphoblastic leukemia
AML
acute myeloid leukemia
BMT
bone marrow transplant
AML
acute myeloid leukemia
BMT
bone marrow transplant
CML
chronic myeloid leukemia
DIC
disseminated intravascular coagulopathy
ESR
erythrocyte sedimentation rate
Hct
hematocrit
Hgb
hemoglobin
HSM
Hepatosplenomegaly
HUS
hemolytic uremic syndrome
INR
international normalized ratio
ITP
idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura
IVIG
intravenous immunoglobulin
LAD
lymphadenopathy
NCAT
no cervical adenopathy or tenderness
PLT
platelet count
PT
prothombin time
PTT
partial thromboplastin time
TTP
thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura
