Word roots of hematological systems and immunological systems Flashcards
1
Q
What are the 3 types of cells (cytes) found in blood? And their duties?
A
Red blood cells (erythocytes) : transport O2 to cells and remove waste
White blood cells (leukocytes) : fight infection
Platlets (thrombocytes) : patch things up
2
Q
What are the 4 types of white blood cells that fight infection called?
A
neutrophils
lymphocytes
basophils
eosinophils
3
Q
What are immunoglobulins?
A
Protective proteins that protect the body against severe illness
4
Q
What cell is the smallest in the blood? Their job?
A
Platelets : patches any broken blood vessels
5
Q
what is coagulation??
A
coagulo refers to the bloods ability to form clots
6
Q
Root word for clot? and what does it do?
A
thromb/o
hemophilia is a disease in which the blood doesn’t clot properly
7
Q
Cell?
A
cyt/o
8
Q
vein?
A
phleb/o
ven/o
9
Q
what is included in the lymphatic system?
A
lymphatic muscles, lymph nodes, tonsils, spleen, thymus
10
Q
what is the main process of the lymphatic system?
A
filters out dangerous things like cancer and infectious agents
11
Q
bone marrow/spine? and what is it’s job?
A
myel/o : the innermost part
12
Q
-penia ?
A
deficiency
13
Q
what is ecchymosis?
A
bruising easily , happens when platlet levels are low
14
Q
small, flat, red spots on skin?
A
petechia
15
Q
what happens when WBC is low?
A
more vulnerable to infection
16
Q
define lymphadenopathy
A
swollen lymph nodes
17
Q
swelling in extremities?
A
lymphedema
18
Q
hemophilia
A
hemo/phil/is
blood/love/condition
condition which blood doesn’t clot properly, causes excessive bleeding
19
Q
ecchymosis
A
large bruise
20
Q
petechaie
A
small bruise
21
Q
reperfusion injury
A
re/per/fusion/injury
injury to tissue that occurs after blood flow is restored
22
Q
lymphedema
A
swelling caused by abnormal accumulation of lymph, usually in extremities
23
Q
Higher than normal red blood cell count is called what? and what are the dangers of it?
A
eythrocytosis or polycythemia
can make blood hard to flow through
24
Q
what is a low number of WBC called? and what does it mean for the patient?
A
luekopenia
weakened immune system (immunodeficiency)
25
specific kind of WBC
neutrophils
26
High counts of WBC
leukocytosis
can indicate infection or cancer
27
thrombocytopenia
low platelet numbers , easy bleeding and bruising
28
thrombocytosis
too many platelets , inflammation
29
what is a thromboembolism?
when platelets are too high
abnormal blood clotting and forming floating clot
30
what causes microcytosis? (small RBC)
iron deficiency and lead poisoning
31
what causes macrocytosis? (enlarged blood cells)
folate or B12 deficiency
32
what is normocytic cells?
normal-sized blood cells
includes bleeding and anemia from chronic disease
33
blood cells with abnormal shapes?
spherocytes and elliptocytes
34
lymphadenopathy
swollen and painful lymph nodes
35
splenomegaly
enlarged spleen
36
lymphedema
swelling in arms and legs
37
lymphangiogram
image test that examines blood vessel
38
asplenia
absence of spleen
39
anisocytosis
an/iso/cyt/osis
not/equal/cell/condition
condition characterized by a great inequality in the size of red blood cells
40
ellipocyte (THINK how an elliptical moves)
ellipto/cyte
oval shaped/cell
oval red blood cells
41
elliptocytosis
ellipto/cyt/osis
oval shaped/cell/condition
condition characterized by an increase in the number of oval shaped red blood cells
42
embolus
em/bolus
in/throw
mass of matter present in the blood
43
eythrocytosis
eythro/cyt/osis
red/cell/condition
abnormal increase in number of RBC
44
hematopoiesis
hemato/poiesis
blood/formation
formation of blood cells
45
leukopenia
leuko/penia
white/deficiency
deficiency in white blood cells
46
macrocytosis
macro/cyt/osis
large/cell/condition
condition characterized by large RBC
47
microcytosis
micro/cyt/osis
small/cell/condition
condition characterized by small rbc
48
myelopoiesis
myelo/poiesis
bone marrow/formation
formation of bone marrow
49
normocyte
normo/cyte
normal/cell
normal sized rbc
50
oligocythemia
oligo/cyt/hemia
few/cell/blood condition
deficiency in the # of rbc
51
pancytopenia
pan/cyto/penia
all/cell/deficiency
deficiency in all cellular components of the blood
52
phagocytosis
phago/cyt/osis
eat/cell/condition
process in which phagocytes (a type of wbc) destroy (or eat) foreign microorganisms or cell debris
53
poikilocytosis
poikilo/cyt/osis
various/cell/condition
condition characterized by red blood cells in a variety of shapes
54
polycythemia
poly/cyt/hemia
many/cell/blood condition
excess of red blood cells
55
reticulocyte (think rediculous)
reticulo/cyte
net/cell
immature red blood cell; the root comes from its netlike appearance
56
spherocyte
sphero/cyte
sphere/cell
red blood cell that assumes a spherical shape
57
thrombocyte
thrombo/cyte
clot/cell
cell that helps blood clot; also known as a platelet
58
thrombocytopenia
thrombo/cyto/penia
clot/cell/deficiency
defienciey in the number of platelets (clot cells)
59
thrombocytosis
thrombo/cyt/osis
clot/cell/condition
increase in the number of platelets (clot cells)
60
thromboembolism
thrombo/embol/sim
clot/embolus/condition
blockage of a vessel (embolism) caused by a clot that has broken off from where it formed
61
thrombogenic
thrombo/gen/ic
clot/formation/pertaining to
capable of producing a blood clot
62
thrombosis
thromb/osis
clot/condition
the formation of a blood clot
63
thrombus (think of crafts…)
blood clot that is stationary and is a clot of blood
64
splenectopy
splen/ec/top/y
soleen/out/place/condition
displacement of the spleen; sometimes called floating spleen
65
splenomegaly
spleno/megaly
spleen/enlargement
enlargement of the spleen
66
splenoptosis
spleno/ptosis
spleen/dropping condition
downward displacement (drooping) of the spleen
67
thymic hyperplasia
thym/ic hyper/plasia
thymus/pertaining to
over/formation
overdevelopment of the thymus
68
thymic hyperplasia
thym/ic hyper/plasia
thymus/pertaining to
over/formation
overdevelopment of the thymus
69
hematocrit
hemato/crit
blood/judge (separate)
test to judge or separate the blood; it is used to determine the ratio of rbc to total blood volume
70
hemoglobin
hemo/globin
blood/globe
iron-containing pigment in rbc that carrie’s oxygen to the cells (proteins)
71
hypoperfusion
hypo/per/fusion
under/through/pour
inadequate flow of blood
72
immunoglobulin
immuno/globulin
immune system/sphere
protein that provides protection (immunity) against disease
73
lymphangiogram
lymph/angio/gram
lymph/vessel/record
record of the study of lymph vessels
74
lymphangiography
lymph/angio/graphy
lymph/vessel/writing procedure
procedure to study the lymph vessels
75
perfusion
per/fusion
through/poor
circulation of blood thru tissue
76
phlebology
phlebo/logy
vein/study of
study of veins
77
sphygmomanometer
sphygmo/mano/meter
strangle/thin/instrument for measuring
fancy name for the device used to measure blood pressure
78
sphygmomanometer
sphygmo/mano/meter
strangle/thin/instrument for measuring
fancy name for the instrument used to measure blood pressure
79
antibody
substance produced by the body in response to an antigen
80
antigen
anti/gen
against/creator
substance that causes the body to produce antibodies
81
coagulopathy
coagulopathy
coagulation/disease
any disease that deals with problems in blood coagulation
82
deep vein thrombosis
deep vein thromb/osis
deep vein/clot/condition
formation of a blood clot in a vein deep in the body, most commonly the leg
83
hemoglobinopathy
hemo/globino/pathy
blood/globe/disease
disease of the hemoglobin
84
hypercoagulability
hyper/coagul/ability
over/coagulation/ability
increase ability of the blood to coagulate
85
immunosuppression
immuno/suppression
immune/suppression
reduction in the activity of the body’s immune system
86
ischemia
isch/emia
hold back/blood condition
blockage of blood flow to an organ
87
phlebarteriectasia
phleb/arteri/ecstasia
vein/artery/dilation
dilation of blood vessels
88
thrombophlebitis
thrombo/phleb/itis
clot/vein/inflammation
inflammation of a vein caused by a clot
89
aplastic anemia
a/plas/tic an/emia
no/formation/pertaining to/ no/blood/condition
anemia caused by rbc not being formed in sufficient quantities
90
hemolytic anemia
hemo/lytic
an/emia
blood/breakdown/no/blood condition
anemia caused by the destruction of rbc
91
bilirubinemia
bili/rubin/emia
bile/red/blood condition
presence of bilirubin in the blood
92
hypervolemia
hyper/vol/emia
over/volume/blood condition
increased blood volume
93
septicemia
septic/emia
rotting/blood condition
presence of disease causing microorganisms in the blood
94
uremia
ur/emia
urine/blood condition
presence of urine in the blood
95
hypersplenism
hyper/splen/ism
over/spleen/condition
increased spleen activity
96
lymphangiectasia
lymph/angi/ecstasia
lymph/vessel/dilation
dilation of a lymph vessel, normally noticed by swelling in the extremities
97
mononucleosis
mono/nucle/osis
one/nucleus/condition
condition characterized by an abnormally large number of mononuclear luekocytes
98
myelodysplasia
myelo/dys/plas/ia
bone marrow/bad/formation/condition
disease characterized by poor production of blood cells by the bone marrow
99
osteomyelitis
osteo/myel/itis
bone/bone marrow/inflammation
inflammation of bone and bone marrow
100
splenorrhexis
spleno/rrhexis
spleen/rupture
rupture of the spleen
101
lymphoma
lymph/oma
lymph/tumor
tumor originating in lymphocytes
102
immunocompromised
immuno/comprised
immune/compromised
having an immune system incapable of responding normally and completely to a pathogen or disease
103
what is involved w treatment for blood problems?
medicine and transfusions
104
what medicines can help platelet problems?
thrombolytics (medicines to break clots)
anticoagulants (medicines that prevent clots)
105
what is the treatment for diseases of the lymphatic system?
Sx
106
hemo static
hemo/static
blood/standing
drug that stops the flow of blood
107
laparosplenectomy
laparo/splen/ectomy
abdomen/spleen/removal
Sx removal of the spleen through the abdomen
108
nephrosplenopexy
nephro/spleno/pexy
kidney/spleen/fixation
Sx fixation of the spleen and kidney
109
aphresis
general term for a process, similar to dialysis, that draws out a patient’s blood, removes something from it, then returns the rest of the blood to the patients body
110
cytapheresis
cyt/aphresis
cell/separation
aphresis to remove cellular material
111
plasmaphresis
plasm/aphresis
plasma/separation
aphresis to remove plasma
112
plateletphresis
platelet/phresis
platelet/separation
aphresis to remove platelets
(for the purpose of donating them to patients in need of platelets)
113
AIDS
acquired immunodeficiency syndrome
114
ALL
acute lymphoblastic leukemia
115
AML
acute myeloid leukemia
116
BMT
bone marrow transplant
117
AML
acute myeloid leukemia
118
BMT
bone marrow transplant
119
CML
chronic myeloid leukemia
120
DIC
disseminated intravascular coagulopathy
121
ESR
erythrocyte sedimentation rate
122
Hct
hematocrit
123
Hgb
hemoglobin
124
HSM
Hepatosplenomegaly
125
HUS
hemolytic uremic syndrome
126
INR
international normalized ratio
127
ITP
idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura
128
IVIG
intravenous immunoglobulin
129
LAD
lymphadenopathy
130
NCAT
no cervical adenopathy or tenderness
131
PLT
platelet count
132
PT
prothombin time
133
PTT
partial thromboplastin time
134
TTP
thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura
