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Medical Terminology > Word roots of hematological systems and immunological systems > Flashcards

Word roots of hematological systems and immunological systems Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

What are the 3 types of cells (cytes) found in blood? And their duties?

A

Red blood cells (erythocytes) : transport O2 to cells and remove waste
White blood cells (leukocytes) : fight infection
Platlets (thrombocytes) : patch things up

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2
Q

What are the 4 types of white blood cells that fight infection called?

A

neutrophils
lymphocytes
basophils
eosinophils

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3
Q

What are immunoglobulins?

A

Protective proteins that protect the body against severe illness

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4
Q

What cell is the smallest in the blood? Their job?

A

Platelets : patches any broken blood vessels

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5
Q

what is coagulation??

A

coagulo refers to the bloods ability to form clots

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6
Q

Root word for clot? and what does it do?

A

thromb/o
hemophilia is a disease in which the blood doesn’t clot properly

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7
Q

Cell?

A

cyt/o

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8
Q

vein?

A

phleb/o
ven/o

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9
Q

what is included in the lymphatic system?

A

lymphatic muscles, lymph nodes, tonsils, spleen, thymus

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10
Q

what is the main process of the lymphatic system?

A

filters out dangerous things like cancer and infectious agents

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11
Q

bone marrow/spine? and what is it’s job?

A

myel/o : the innermost part

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12
Q

-penia ?

A

deficiency

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13
Q

what is ecchymosis?

A

bruising easily , happens when platlet levels are low

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14
Q

small, flat, red spots on skin?

A

petechia

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15
Q

what happens when WBC is low?

A

more vulnerable to infection

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16
Q

define lymphadenopathy

A

swollen lymph nodes

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17
Q

swelling in extremities?

A

lymphedema

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18
Q

hemophilia

A

hemo/phil/is
blood/love/condition
condition which blood doesn’t clot properly, causes excessive bleeding

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19
Q

ecchymosis

A

large bruise

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20
Q

petechaie

A

small bruise

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21
Q

reperfusion injury

A

re/per/fusion/injury
injury to tissue that occurs after blood flow is restored

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22
Q

lymphedema

A

swelling caused by abnormal accumulation of lymph, usually in extremities

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23
Q

Higher than normal red blood cell count is called what? and what are the dangers of it?

A

eythrocytosis or polycythemia
can make blood hard to flow through

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24
Q

what is a low number of WBC called? and what does it mean for the patient?

A

luekopenia
weakened immune system (immunodeficiency)

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25
Q

specific kind of WBC

A

neutrophils

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26
Q

High counts of WBC

A

leukocytosis
can indicate infection or cancer

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27
Q

thrombocytopenia

A

low platelet numbers , easy bleeding and bruising

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28
Q

thrombocytosis

A

too many platelets , inflammation

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29
Q

what is a thromboembolism?

A

when platelets are too high
abnormal blood clotting and forming floating clot

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30
Q

what causes microcytosis? (small RBC)

A

iron deficiency and lead poisoning

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31
Q

what causes macrocytosis? (enlarged blood cells)

A

folate or B12 deficiency

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32
Q

what is normocytic cells?

A

normal-sized blood cells
includes bleeding and anemia from chronic disease

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33
Q

blood cells with abnormal shapes?

A

spherocytes and elliptocytes

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34
Q

lymphadenopathy

A

swollen and painful lymph nodes

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35
Q

splenomegaly

A

enlarged spleen

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36
Q

lymphedema

A

swelling in arms and legs

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37
Q

lymphangiogram

A

image test that examines blood vessel

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38
Q

asplenia

A

absence of spleen

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39
Q

anisocytosis

A

an/iso/cyt/osis
not/equal/cell/condition
condition characterized by a great inequality in the size of red blood cells

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40
Q

ellipocyte (THINK how an elliptical moves)

A

ellipto/cyte
oval shaped/cell
oval red blood cells

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41
Q

elliptocytosis

A

ellipto/cyt/osis
oval shaped/cell/condition
condition characterized by an increase in the number of oval shaped red blood cells

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42
Q

embolus

A

em/bolus
in/throw
mass of matter present in the blood

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43
Q

eythrocytosis

A

eythro/cyt/osis
red/cell/condition
abnormal increase in number of RBC

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44
Q

hematopoiesis

A

hemato/poiesis
blood/formation
formation of blood cells

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45
Q

leukopenia

A

leuko/penia
white/deficiency
deficiency in white blood cells

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46
Q

macrocytosis

A

macro/cyt/osis
large/cell/condition
condition characterized by large RBC

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47
Q

microcytosis

A

micro/cyt/osis
small/cell/condition
condition characterized by small rbc

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48
Q

myelopoiesis

A

myelo/poiesis
bone marrow/formation
formation of bone marrow

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49
Q

normocyte

A

normo/cyte
normal/cell
normal sized rbc

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50
Q

oligocythemia

A

oligo/cyt/hemia
few/cell/blood condition
deficiency in the # of rbc

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51
Q

pancytopenia

A

pan/cyto/penia
all/cell/deficiency
deficiency in all cellular components of the blood

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52
Q

phagocytosis

A

phago/cyt/osis
eat/cell/condition
process in which phagocytes (a type of wbc) destroy (or eat) foreign microorganisms or cell debris

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53
Q

poikilocytosis

A

poikilo/cyt/osis
various/cell/condition
condition characterized by red blood cells in a variety of shapes

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54
Q

polycythemia

A

poly/cyt/hemia
many/cell/blood condition
excess of red blood cells

55
Q

reticulocyte (think rediculous)

A

reticulo/cyte
net/cell
immature red blood cell; the root comes from its netlike appearance

56
Q

spherocyte

A

sphero/cyte
sphere/cell
red blood cell that assumes a spherical shape

57
Q

thrombocyte

A

thrombo/cyte
clot/cell
cell that helps blood clot; also known as a platelet

58
Q

thrombocytopenia

A

thrombo/cyto/penia
clot/cell/deficiency
defienciey in the number of platelets (clot cells)

59
Q

thrombocytosis

A

thrombo/cyt/osis
clot/cell/condition
increase in the number of platelets (clot cells)

60
Q

thromboembolism

A

thrombo/embol/sim
clot/embolus/condition
blockage of a vessel (embolism) caused by a clot that has broken off from where it formed

61
Q

thrombogenic

A

thrombo/gen/ic
clot/formation/pertaining to
capable of producing a blood clot

62
Q

thrombosis

A

thromb/osis
clot/condition
the formation of a blood clot

63
Q

thrombus (think of crafts…)

A

blood clot that is stationary and is a clot of blood

64
Q

splenectopy

A

splen/ec/top/y
soleen/out/place/condition
displacement of the spleen; sometimes called floating spleen

65
Q

splenomegaly

A

spleno/megaly
spleen/enlargement
enlargement of the spleen

66
Q

splenoptosis

A

spleno/ptosis
spleen/dropping condition
downward displacement (drooping) of the spleen

67
Q

thymic hyperplasia

A

thym/ic hyper/plasia
thymus/pertaining to
over/formation
overdevelopment of the thymus

68
Q

thymic hyperplasia

A

thym/ic hyper/plasia
thymus/pertaining to
over/formation
overdevelopment of the thymus

69
Q

hematocrit

A

hemato/crit
blood/judge (separate)
test to judge or separate the blood; it is used to determine the ratio of rbc to total blood volume

70
Q

hemoglobin

A

hemo/globin
blood/globe
iron-containing pigment in rbc that carrie’s oxygen to the cells (proteins)

71
Q

hypoperfusion

A

hypo/per/fusion
under/through/pour
inadequate flow of blood

72
Q

immunoglobulin

A

immuno/globulin
immune system/sphere
protein that provides protection (immunity) against disease

73
Q

lymphangiogram

A

lymph/angio/gram
lymph/vessel/record
record of the study of lymph vessels

74
Q

lymphangiography

A

lymph/angio/graphy
lymph/vessel/writing procedure
procedure to study the lymph vessels

75
Q

perfusion

A

per/fusion
through/poor
circulation of blood thru tissue

76
Q

phlebology

A

phlebo/logy
vein/study of
study of veins

77
Q

sphygmomanometer

A

sphygmo/mano/meter
strangle/thin/instrument for measuring
fancy name for the device used to measure blood pressure

78
Q

sphygmomanometer

A

sphygmo/mano/meter
strangle/thin/instrument for measuring
fancy name for the instrument used to measure blood pressure

79
Q

antibody

A

substance produced by the body in response to an antigen

80
Q

antigen

A

anti/gen
against/creator
substance that causes the body to produce antibodies

81
Q

coagulopathy

A

coagulopathy
coagulation/disease
any disease that deals with problems in blood coagulation

82
Q

deep vein thrombosis

A

deep vein thromb/osis
deep vein/clot/condition
formation of a blood clot in a vein deep in the body, most commonly the leg

83
Q

hemoglobinopathy

A

hemo/globino/pathy
blood/globe/disease
disease of the hemoglobin

84
Q

hypercoagulability

A

hyper/coagul/ability
over/coagulation/ability
increase ability of the blood to coagulate

85
Q

immunosuppression

A

immuno/suppression
immune/suppression
reduction in the activity of the body’s immune system

86
Q

ischemia

A

isch/emia
hold back/blood condition
blockage of blood flow to an organ

87
Q

phlebarteriectasia

A

phleb/arteri/ecstasia
vein/artery/dilation
dilation of blood vessels

88
Q

thrombophlebitis

A

thrombo/phleb/itis
clot/vein/inflammation
inflammation of a vein caused by a clot

89
Q

aplastic anemia

A

a/plas/tic an/emia
no/formation/pertaining to/ no/blood/condition
anemia caused by rbc not being formed in sufficient quantities

90
Q

hemolytic anemia

A

hemo/lytic
an/emia
blood/breakdown/no/blood condition
anemia caused by the destruction of rbc

91
Q

bilirubinemia

A

bili/rubin/emia
bile/red/blood condition
presence of bilirubin in the blood

92
Q

hypervolemia

A

hyper/vol/emia
over/volume/blood condition
increased blood volume

93
Q

septicemia

A

septic/emia
rotting/blood condition
presence of disease causing microorganisms in the blood

94
Q

uremia

A

ur/emia
urine/blood condition
presence of urine in the blood

95
Q

hypersplenism

A

hyper/splen/ism
over/spleen/condition
increased spleen activity

96
Q

lymphangiectasia

A

lymph/angi/ecstasia
lymph/vessel/dilation
dilation of a lymph vessel, normally noticed by swelling in the extremities

97
Q

mononucleosis

A

mono/nucle/osis
one/nucleus/condition
condition characterized by an abnormally large number of mononuclear luekocytes

98
Q

myelodysplasia

A

myelo/dys/plas/ia
bone marrow/bad/formation/condition
disease characterized by poor production of blood cells by the bone marrow

99
Q

osteomyelitis

A

osteo/myel/itis
bone/bone marrow/inflammation
inflammation of bone and bone marrow

100
Q

splenorrhexis

A

spleno/rrhexis
spleen/rupture
rupture of the spleen

101
Q

lymphoma

A

lymph/oma
lymph/tumor
tumor originating in lymphocytes

102
Q

immunocompromised

A

immuno/comprised
immune/compromised
having an immune system incapable of responding normally and completely to a pathogen or disease

103
Q

what is involved w treatment for blood problems?

A

medicine and transfusions

104
Q

what medicines can help platelet problems?

A

thrombolytics (medicines to break clots)
anticoagulants (medicines that prevent clots)

105
Q

what is the treatment for diseases of the lymphatic system?

A

Sx

106
Q

hemo static

A

hemo/static
blood/standing
drug that stops the flow of blood

107
Q

laparosplenectomy

A

laparo/splen/ectomy
abdomen/spleen/removal
Sx removal of the spleen through the abdomen

108
Q

nephrosplenopexy

A

nephro/spleno/pexy
kidney/spleen/fixation
Sx fixation of the spleen and kidney

109
Q

aphresis

A

general term for a process, similar to dialysis, that draws out a patient’s blood, removes something from it, then returns the rest of the blood to the patients body

110
Q

cytapheresis

A

cyt/aphresis
cell/separation
aphresis to remove cellular material

111
Q

plasmaphresis

A

plasm/aphresis
plasma/separation
aphresis to remove plasma

112
Q

plateletphresis

A

platelet/phresis
platelet/separation
aphresis to remove platelets
(for the purpose of donating them to patients in need of platelets)

113
Q

AIDS

A

acquired immunodeficiency syndrome

114
Q

ALL

A

acute lymphoblastic leukemia

115
Q

AML

A

acute myeloid leukemia

116
Q

BMT

A

bone marrow transplant

117
Q

AML

A

acute myeloid leukemia

118
Q

BMT

A

bone marrow transplant

119
Q

CML

A

chronic myeloid leukemia

120
Q

DIC

A

disseminated intravascular coagulopathy

121
Q

ESR

A

erythrocyte sedimentation rate

122
Q

Hct

A

hematocrit

123
Q

Hgb

A

hemoglobin

124
Q

HSM

A

Hepatosplenomegaly

125
Q

HUS

A

hemolytic uremic syndrome

126
Q

INR

A

international normalized ratio

127
Q

ITP

A

idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura

128
Q

IVIG

A

intravenous immunoglobulin

129
Q

LAD

A

lymphadenopathy

130
Q

NCAT

A

no cervical adenopathy or tenderness

131
Q

PLT

A

platelet count

132
Q

PT

A

prothombin time

133
Q

PTT

A

partial thromboplastin time

134
Q

TTP

A

thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura

Medical Terminology (2 decks)

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