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Medical Terminology > Circulatory System > Flashcards

Circulatory System Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

how many chambers does the heart have? what are the functions?

A

left and right receiving rooms (atria)
left and right sending rooms (ventricles)

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2
Q

what does the left side of the heart do?

A

handles O2 rich blood

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3
Q

what does the right side of the heart do?

A

O2 poor blood

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4
Q

what divides the two sides?

A

septum ; wall of muscle

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5
Q

valve

A

valvul/o

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6
Q

how many valves are there?? what is their purpose??

A

two atrioventricular valves
two valves between ventricles and arteries
purpose is to prevent blood from flowing backwards

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7
Q

where does blood collect??

A

in the atria

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8
Q

what valve of the heart connects the left atrium and ventricle?

A

mitral valve

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9
Q

what part of the heart connects the left ventricle to the outgoing vessel?

A

the aorta

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10
Q

what valve is the connector between the atrium and the ventricle?

A

tricuspid valve

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11
Q

what valve connects the right ventricle and the outgoing blood vessel pulmonary artery?

A

pulmonary valve

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12
Q

when the heart compresses, do the arteries force the blood in or out into the blood vessels (arteries)?

A

OUT

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13
Q

what ventricle is responsible for sending blood to the lungs to get fresh air O2 and get rid of CO2?

A

right ventricle

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14
Q

what ventricle is responsible for fresh blood sent out from the heart to the rest of the body to provide O2 and collect body’s CO2 waste?

A

left ventricle

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15
Q

atrium (upper chamber)? (think of largest space in a building)

A

atri/o

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16
Q

septum plural is septa

A

sept/o

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17
Q

ventricle (lower chamber)

A

ventricul/o

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18
Q

what ventricle forces blood into the main outgoing vessel (aorta)?

A

left

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19
Q

where does the aorta branch out into?

A

smaller arteries, making its way to other organs

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20
Q

tiny vessels are called what?

A

capillaries

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21
Q

heart

A

coron/o

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22
Q

at the same time that the LV pumps blood into the aorta, what happens next?

A

the RV pumps blood into the pulmonary artery

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23
Q

the pulmonary artery carrie’s blood to the lungs to attain _____ and discard _____?

A

oxygen, CO2

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24
Q

what happens once O2 and CO2 are traded?

A

the blood returns to the heart through a system of veins that lead to the main pulmonary vein

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25
Q

where does the pulmonary vein dump the O2 blood into?

A

the left atrium

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26
Q

when the valve opens between the left atrium and LV, what happens?

A

the blood fills the ventricle and the cycle continues

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27
Q

aorta

A

aort/o

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28
Q

artery

A

arteri/o

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29
Q

fatty plaque

A

arther/o

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30
Q

vein

A

phleb/o
ven/o

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31
Q

pectoralgia

A

chest/pain

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32
Q

angina pectoris

A

to choke chest
oppressive pain in the chest caused by irregular blood flow to the heart

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33
Q

arrhythmia

A

a/rrhythm/ia
no/rhythm/condition
irregular heartbeat

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34
Q

dysrhythmia

A

dys/rhythm/ia
bad/rhythm/condition
irregular heartbeat (arrhythmia more common)

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35
Q

palpitation

A

rapid or irregular beating of the heart

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36
Q

diaphoresis

A

dia/phoresis
through/carry
profuse sweating

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37
Q

hemorrhage

A

hemo/rrhage
blood/burst forth
loss of blood

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38
Q

phlebalgia

A

phleb/algia
vein/pain
pain in a vein

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39
Q

how does blood pressure work?

A

it measures how strong the flow of blood is in the body

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40
Q

when a patients heart muscle fibers are contracting and sending blood out of the ventricles, the pressure in the arteries is at its ____?

A

highest

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41
Q

what heart sound is the closing of valves in the heart between the atria and the ventricles?

A

S1 (1st heart sound)

systole

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42
Q

how does systole end?

A

closing of the pulmonary and aortic valves which leads to S2

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43
Q

endocardium

A

endo/card/ium
inside/heart/tissue
tissue lining inside the heart

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44
Q

epicardium

A

epi/card/ium
upon/heart/tissue
tissue lining outside the heart

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45
Q

myocardium

A

myo/card/ium
muscle/heart/tissue
heart muscle tissue

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46
Q

pericardium

A

peri/card/ium
around/heart/tissue
tissue around the heart

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47
Q

cardiomegaly

A

cardio/megaly
heart/enlargement
enlarged heart

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48
Q

cyanosis

A

cyan/osis
blue/condition
bluish appearance to the skin —— a sign that the tissue isn’t receiving enough oxygen

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49
Q

murmur

A

abnormal heart sound

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50
Q

vena cava

A

vena cava
vein hollow
large-diameter vein that gathers blood from the body and returns it to the heart

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51
Q

inferior vena cava

A

inferior vena cava
lower vein hollow
portion of the vena cava that gathers blood from the lower portion of the body

52
Q

superior vena cava

A

superior vena cava
upper vein hollow
portion of the vena cava that gathers blood from the upper portion of the body (head and arms)

53
Q

angiogenesis

A

angio/genesis
vessel/creation
development of blood vessels

54
Q

angiolith

A

angio/lith
vessel/stone
stone forming in the wall of a blood vessel

55
Q

angiopoieses

A

angio/poieses
vessel/formation
formation of blood vessels

56
Q

angiosclerosis

A

angio/scler/osis
vessel/hard/condition
hardening of a blood vessel

57
Q

aortecstasia

A

aort/ecstasia
aorta/dilation
dilation of the aorta

58
Q

aortic stenosis

A

aort/ic sten/osis
aorta/pertaining to
narrow/condition
narrowing of the aorta

59
Q

aortalith

A

aorto/lith
aorta/stone
stone deposit in the wall of the aorta

60
Q

arteriorrhexis

A

arterio/rrhexis
artery/rupture
rupture of an artery

61
Q

arteriosclerosis

A

arterio/scler/osis
artery/hard/condition
hardening of an artery

62
Q

atherogensis

A

athero/genesis
fatty plaque/creation
formation of fatty plaque on the wall of an artery

63
Q

atherosclerosis

A

athero/scler/osis
fatty plaque/hard/condition
hardening of an artery due to buildup of fatty plaque

64
Q

embolism

A

embol/ism
embolus/condition
blockage in a blood vessel caused by an embolus

65
Q

embolus

A

em/bolus
in/throw
mass of matter found in the blood

66
Q

occlusion

A

closing or blockage of a passage

67
Q

phlebosclerosis

A

phlebo/scler/osis
vein/hard/condition
hardening of a vein

68
Q

thrombus

A

stationary blood clot
can break off and become thromboembolus

69
Q

vasospasm

A

vaso/spasm
vessel/involuntary contraction
involuntary contraction of a blood vessel

70
Q

venostasis

A

veno/stasis
vein/standing
trapping of blood in an extremity due to compression

71
Q

angiogram

A

angio/gram
vessel/record
record of the blood vessels

72
Q

angiography

A

angio/graphy
vessel/writing procedure
procedure to describe the blood vessels

73
Q

angioscope

A

angio/scope
vessel/device for looking
device for looking into a blood vessel

74
Q

cardiac catheterization

A

cardi/ac catheter/ization
heart/pertaining to catheter/procedure
process of inserting a tube (catheter into the heart)

75
Q

blood pressure

A

the force exerted by blood on the walls of blood vessels

76
Q

diastolic pressure

A

dia/stol/ic pressure
through/send/pertaining to
pressure exerted on blood vessels when heart is relaxed

77
Q

systolic pressure

A

sys stol/ic
together/send/pertaining to
pressure exerted on blood vessels when heart is contracting

78
Q

cardiovascular

A

cardio/vascul/ar
heart/vessel/pertaining to
pertaining to the heart and blood vessels

79
Q

coronary circulation

A

coron/ary circulation
heart/pertaining to
circulation of blood from the heart to the heart muscle (the heart always feeds itself first)

80
Q

pulmonary circulation

A

pulmon/ary circulation
lung/pertaining to
circulation of blood from the heart to the lungs (to oxygenate it)

81
Q

systemic circulation

A

sys/stem/ic circulation
together/stand/pertaining to
circulation of blood from the heart to the rest of the body

82
Q

atrial fibrillation

A

atri/al fibrill/ation
atrium/pertaining to
little fibers/process
quivering or spontaneous contraction of muscle fibers in the hearts atrium

83
Q

atrial septal defect (ASD)

A

atri/al sept/al de/fect
atrium/pertaining to septum/pertaining to bad/made
flaw in the septum that divides the two atria of the heart

84
Q

cardiac arrest

A

cardi/ac arrest
heart/pertaining to
stop
cessation of functional circulation

85
Q

cardiomyopathy

A

cardio/myo/pathy
heart/muscle/disease
disease of the heart muscle

86
Q

congestive cardiomyopathy

A

con/gestive cardiomyopathy
together/bring
heart cavity is unable to pump all of the blood out of itself (congestive) and becomes stretched (dialated), which causes weak/slow pumping of blood

87
Q

dialated cardiomyopathy

A

dilated cardio/myo/pathy
expanded heart/muscle/disease
another term for congestive cardiomyopathy

88
Q

congestive heart failure (CHF)

A

con/gest/ive heart/failure
together/bring/pertaining to
heart failure characterized by the heart cavity being unable to pump all the blood out of itself (congestive)

89
Q

coronary thrombosis

A

coron/ary thromb/osis
heart/pertaining to clot/condition
obstruction of a coronary artery by a clot

90
Q

endocarditis

A

endo/card/itis
inside/heart/inflammation
inflammation of the tissue lining the inside of the heart

91
Q

myocardial infarction

A

myo/cardi/al in/farc/tion
muscle/heart/pertaining to
in/stuff/condition
death of heart muscle tissue

92
Q

myocardial ischemia

A

myo/cardi/al
isch/emia
muscle/heart/pertaining to
hold back/blood condition
blockage of blood to the heart muscle

93
Q

pericardial effusion

A

peri/cardi/al ef/fusion
around/heart/pertaining to
out/pour
fluid pouring out into the tissue around the heart

94
Q

aneurysm

A

an/eury/sm
up/wide/condition
bulge in a blood vessel

95
Q

angio edema

A

angio/edema
vessel/swelling
swelling of blood vessels

96
Q

aortic aneurysm

A

aort/ic an/eury/sm
aorta/pertaining to up/wide/condition
bulging or swelling of the aorta

97
Q

thrombophlebitis

A

thrombo/phleb/itis
clot/vein/inflammation
inflammation of a vein caused by a clot

98
Q

antianginal

A

anti/angin/al
against/angina(choke)/agent
drug that prevents or relieves symptoms of angina pectoris

99
Q

cardio tonic

A

cardio/tonic
heart/tone/agent
drug that increases the strength of the heart contractions

100
Q

thrombo lytic

A

thrombo/lyt/ic
clot/loose/agent
drug that breaks down clots

101
Q

vasopressor

A

vaso/press/or
vessel/press/agent
drug that constricts or narrows the diameter of a blood vessel

102
Q

cardiopulmonary bypass

A

cardio pulmon/ary bypass
heart/lung/pertaining to
procedure that temporarily circulates and oxygenates a patient’s blood during the portion of heart sx where the heart is stopped

103
Q

cardio thoracic sx

A

cardio thorac/ic surgery
heart/chest/pertaining to
surgery that involves cutting through the patients chest to get to the heart

104
Q

cardio version

A

cardio/vers/ion
heart/turn/procedure
returning a heart to normal rhythm

105
Q

coronary artery bypass graft (CABG)

A

borrowed piece of blood vessel used to bypass a blocked artery in the heart

106
Q

percutaneous conorary intervention

A

per/cutane/our coron/ary
through/skin/pertaining to heart/pertaining to
alternating treatment for a coronary artery that passes instruments up a patients blood vessels into a heart

107
Q

pericardiocentesis

A

peri/cardio/centesis
around/heart/puncture
puncture of tissue around the heart

108
Q

anastomosis

A

ana/storm/osis
up/mouth/condition
creating of an opening between two normally separate structures

109
Q

angio rrhapy

A

angio/rrhapy
vessel/suture
suture of a vessel

110
Q

artherectomy

A

arther/ectomy
fatty plaque/removal
sx removal of a fatty plaque within an artery

111
Q

endarterectomy

A

end/arter/ectomy
inside/artery/removal
sx removal of the inside of an artery

112
Q

phlebophlebostomy

A

phlebo/phlebo/stomy
vein/vein/opening
procedure to create an opening between two veins

113
Q

varicotomy

A

varico/tomy
swollen/incision
sx removal of a varicose vein

114
Q

AAA

A

abdominal aortic aneurysm

115
Q

ASD

A

atrial septal defect

116
Q

CABG

A

coronary artery bypass graft

117
Q

CO

A

cardiac output

118
Q

CTA

A

computed tomographic angiography

119
Q

HTN

A

hypertension

120
Q

MRA

A

magnetic resonance angiography

121
Q

PCI

A

percutaneous coronary intervention

122
Q

SCA

A

sudden cardiac arrest

123
Q

SV

A

stroke volume

124
Q

TEE

A

Transesophageal echocardiogram

125
Q

VSD

A

ventricular septal defect

Medical Terminology (2 decks)

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