word reading (week 3) Flashcards
what are the two processing types?
top-down and bottom-up
what is top-down processing?
the use of background information to predict the meaning of language they are going to listen to or read - rather than relying first on the actual words or sounds (bottom up), they develop expectations about what they will hear or read, and confirm or reject these as they listen or read?
what is bottom up-processing?
bottom-up processing happens when someone tries to understand language by look at individual meanings or grammatical characteristics of the most basic units of the text (e.g., sound for a listening or words for a reading), and moves from these to trying to understanding the whole text
what are the three priming types?
orthographic, semantic, and masked
what is orthographic priming?
during recognition, activated orthographic representations activate their semantic counterparts and a process of orthographic-semantic resonance ensuse - the resonance induces a facilitation effect for cognates relative to items without cross-linguistic overlap
what is semantic priming?
semantic priming refers to the observation that a response to target (e.g., dog) is faster when it is preceded by a semantically related prime (e.g., cat) compares to an unrelated prime (e.g., car)
what is masked priming?
commonly referred to as “purest form” - masked paradigm paradigm created by Foster and Davis (1984) - prime usually sandwiched between between the pattern mask and the target mask
what’s a grapheme?
the smallest meaningful contrastive unit in a writing system
what is an affix?
letters added to the beginning or ending of a word to change it’s meaning (e.g., adding “un” to deserving changes the meaning to deserving to undeserving so it now has the opposite meaning)
what is a pseudo-affix?
words that look like they have an affix when they do not e.g., “swing”ing is a common affix but its not in this word
what is a compound word?
a word combined by two other words to form a new meaning
what is a mental lexicon?
the mental dictionary of the information regarding the words store of a language user e.g., meanings, pronunciations, and syntax
what is a threshold?
the magnitude or intensity that must be exceeded for a certain reaction, phenomenon, result, or condition to occur or be manifested
serial vs parallel communication?
while in parallel communication, the utilisation of multiple link reduces the chances of interference between the transmitted bits - serial communication supports comparatively lower bandwidth, serial communication is efficient for high frequency operation
