Word Note Flashcards
OSHA
Occupational Safety and Health Administration
EEO
Equal Employment Opportunity
COBRA
Comprehensive Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act
Situational Leadership
When you choose the best action for each situation
Participative Leadership
When a supervisor asks for opinions in making decisions
Mission Statement
Tells employees and others what is the main purpose of the company is
Extrinsic Reward
A reward that comes externally from a person such as a raise
Intrinsic Reward
A reward that comes as self-esteem
Decision Tree
shows alternate paths for decision making
Organizational chart
Shows the relationship between employees and their peers
Gantt Chart
Shows timelines for projects
Delphi Technique
When a supervisor administers a questionnaire among participants that have never met
Theory Y
When a supervisor believes that all employees like work
Theory X
When a supervisor believes that all employees are lazy and dislike work
TQM’s goal is
Long-term success through customer satisfaction
TQM Stands for
Total quality management
Hawthorne Effect
When an interest in people changes the effect on the output
Henri Fayol
Responsible for developing the 14 principle of management
Information that is difficult to measure is called
Qualitative
Charisma
Leadership characteristics that inspire employees
Line and staff
The organizational structure where there are staff departments support other departments
Functional
The organizational structure where a group performing a specialized task reports to a manager in that same area
Autocratic leadership
When the leader keeps the power and makes decisions alone
Matrix
The organizational structure where organizations are structured around a special project or event
Hierarchy of needs
Maslow’s
Four stages of groups
Forming, Storming, Norming, Conforming
Traditional authority
Given to those with a specific title or function such as supervisor or vice president
Who create Theory X and Theory Y?
Douglas McGregor
Policy
A predetermined action course that serves as a guide for the identified and accepted objectives and goals
Objectives
Goals of an organization towards accomplishment of which all organizational activities are directed
Limiting factor
something which stands in the way of achieving a goal
The core of Planning is
Decision making
The Mechanistic Theory
Organizational change is inevitable and that organizations and people within the organizations have no other choice except following natural law
Classical organizational theory
Division of labor, vertical and horizontal specialization, etc.
Line employee
Someone who works on any type of assembly line, manufacturing, etc.
What are the two types of organizational structures
Wide span and narrow span
In a matrix organization a worker has how many bosses?
Two
In centralization all authority is concentrated where?
At the top
Four elements in a control system
Standards, measurement of performance, causal analysis, corrective action
Empowerment
Allowing employees to make their own decisions to help cutomers
Forward scheduling
Starts today and works out the schedule date for each operation in order to find out the completion date for the order
Loading
Working out hours required to perform each operation
Whistle blowing
When an employee reports to the media or the government about a company’s wrong doings
Backward scheduling
Starts with the date on which the completed order is needed in the stores department for shipping, then works out backwards to determine the relevant release date for the order
Compensation
Salary and benefits
terminated
Fired
How often should a performance review take place?
Yearly
Job enrichment
Adding more job responsibilities
Studied operant conditioning
B.F. Skinner
Business ethics
A collection of principles and codes of conduct that affect the way companies do business
Stress
A person’s response to change
Laissez Faire Leadership
A hands-off leadership approach with little supervision
Training
A program built primarily to assist employee development
Procedures
A plan that shows what methods are to be used
Just-in-time inventory
An inventory management system in which inventory arrives only when it is needed
Staffing
A systematic and methodical filling up of positions
Avoiding the risk
Avoiding certain industries
Methods of risk management
Assuming the risk, minimizing the risk, avoiding the risk or shifting the risk
Employee counseling
Counseling available for employees typically offered though a medical plan
Operations Research
Considers various factors to build a mathematical decision making formula
Group dynamics
Deals with role playing coupled with simulation which seek to emphasize group behavior
Systems Theory
Deals with interdependence instead of independence of variables
Classification method
Defines grades for requirements that are found common to various tasks
Decentralization
Decision making is widely dispersed
Controlling
Determining if the methods being used adequately match planned results
Ranking system
Determines salary according to ranking based on overall importance and responsibilities
Personnel records
Give all the data in the application along with education records, test scores and other factor
Unions
Formal associations of employees to represent employees in negotiations with management
Directing
Leadership + Motivation + Communication
Personnel appraisal
Helps the employee to know their strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats
United State Department of Labor
Makes sure that companies are in compliance with federal employment laws
personnel administration
Looks into manpower resources, aims at harmonious labor, works to achieve organization goals and keeps records
Methods of recruiting
Newspaper and television ads, headhunters, staffing firms, word of mouth, etc.
Organizational development
Methodical approach which seeks to improve organizational effectiveness
Managerial function
Planning, organizing, directing and controlling
Productivity
Output/input
Morale boosting
Makes sure that companies are in compliance with federal employment laws
Factor comparison
Points are allotted and wage rates for such key jobs
Operative function
Recruiting, developing, compensating and keeping records
Shifting the risk
Purchasing insurance policies
Minimizing the risk
Screening employees, network passwords, etc.
Points System
Requirements approprite to each job are analyzed and quantified
Budgets
Statements of targeted results reduced to quantifiable terms
Assuming the risk
Setting aside enough money to pay for potential losses
Risk analysis
Tells you what probabilities are there to arrive at decisional outcomes
Eustress
Stress that is used positively for personal growth
Motivation
The more motivated an employee is, the higher their work ability
Communication
The main purpose is to influence action and achieve goals
Methods of discipline
Verbal warnings, Written warning, suspension and termination
Lead time
The time it takes to get an inventory (from ordering to arrival)
Vertical specialization
When delegation is done through an existing line of authority
Collective bargaining
When a group with similar interests bargains as unit
Delegation
When supervisors pass on parts of their required tasks to others
Horizontal specialization
when one position is divided among more than one person
Supervisor
Works with people and groups to achieving organizational goals
On the job training
When you learn the job by actually doing it
ISO
International Organization for Standardization
Affirmative action
Benefiting underrepresented groups by taking factors such as race, gender, or religion into account in business and educational settings
Paternalism
The way people are governed or treated by an authority
Three first professions
Medicine, law and the ministry
Distributive Justice
With a strict or radical form of equality that is said to be necessary for all people
Retributive justice
Theory that punishments are justified because criminals create an imbalance in the order of society which has to be taken care of by action
“All the Law and the Prophets hang upon the Two Great Commandments, to love thy Lord God and to love thy neighbor”
Jesus Christ, New testament
Balancing harms
Balancing the harms that exist in both sides of the example of an ethical situation
Prohairesis
Called the distinguishing factor that separated human beings from all other creatures on the planet
Paradox
Something that seems to be contradictory and yet my nonetheless be true
Mary Wollstonecraft
Feminist philosopher and writer
Dihairesis
The judgement itself that was made by a person’s Prohairesis
Environmental racism
Any practice which harms an environment that is low income, or where a specific race (often minority) is prevalent, more than it does other environments
Lawrence Kohlberg
Moral development was a six-stage process
Piece rate
When an employee is paid a fixed rate for each unit they produce
Goal of feminism
Complete equality between women and men
