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Systemic And Ocular Pathologoy And Pharmacology > Word List > Flashcards

Word List Flashcards

1
Q

2 theories of light

A

Particle theory
Wave theory

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2
Q

Particle theory

A

All matter is composed of tiny indivisible particles to small to see

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3
Q

Wave theory

A

Inversely proportional to frequency. The longer the wavelength, lower the frequency.
In the same manner, shorter the wavelength, higher the frequency

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4
Q

Wave theory of light

A

Frequency= speed divided by wavelength

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5
Q

Wavelength

A

Measured in nm

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6
Q

Frequency

A

Measured in Hertz (Hz)

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7
Q

Speed of light

A

Measured in (v) = 3 x 10^8m/s

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8
Q

Electromagnetic spectrum

A

The range of frequencies and electromagnetic radiation and their respective wavelength and photon energies

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9
Q

Foot candle

A

A unit of illumination equal to one lumen /square foot

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10
Q

Luminous flux

A

Quantity of energy of light emitted per second in all direction

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11
Q

The lux

A

Is the unit of illuminance and it is an indication of how much light is incident on a surface

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12
Q

Lux

A

Measurement of the intensity of light

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13
Q

Diverging

A

Give / going out
Minus power

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14
Q

Converging

A

Receiving / coming in
Plus power

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15
Q

Parallel

A

Zero vergence
Plano

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16
Q

Real & virtual

A

Real images are inverted
Virtual images are erect

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17
Q

Converging mirror

A

When parallel light rays fall on the surface of a concave mirror. All the rays after reflection converge (meet) at a single point (focus)

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18
Q

Index or refraction

A

n = speed of light in air divided by speed of light in substance

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19
Q

Relationship between wavelength , frequency and velocity?

A

V=f(wavelength)

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20
Q

The SI unit of illuminance is what?

A

Lux(lx)

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21
Q

1 W = how many lumens?

A

16lumens

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22
Q

Conventions for light rays

A

Travel from left to right
Travel away from the source
Can be affected upon by mirrors, lenses, prisms

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23
Q

Substance with higher index

A

More dense
Slows down the light

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24
Q

Snells law

A

n1 sin°1 = n2 sin°2
n=refractive index of medium
Sinø1 = angle of incidence
Sinø2= angle of reflection

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25
Prism light way path
Light entering a prism bends towards the base
26
Prism formula
P=C/D p= prism power (PD) C=displacement (cm) D= distance from prism (m)
27
Convex lens
Lenses that are thicker at their centre’s than at their edges are convex. More of an oval shape 2 prisms placed base to base
28
Concave
Thinner at the center and thicker at the edges A hour glass shape 2 prisms placed apex to apex
29
Focal length (f)
The distance from the lens to the focal point
30
Is the focal point behind it infront of convex lens?
Focal point is behind lens
31
Is the focal point behind or infront of concave lens
Focal point is infront of lens
32
Vergence power formula
P=1/f P= vergence power (diopters) f= distance (m) from the point of focus
33
Vergence power of a lens formula
U + P = V U= vergence power of object rays (D) P=power of lens in diopters (D) V=vergence power of image rays (D)
34
Vergence power
The vergence power is the reciprocal of the distance between a point of reference and the point of focus
35
Vergence power of a lens
Amount that a lens or optical system converges or diverges the light
36
Vergence and distance formula Distance of the object from lens
U=1/u U=vergence of the object rays (D) u= distance of the object from the lens (m)
37
Vergence and distance formula Distance of the imagine from the lens
V=1/v V=vergence of the image rays (D) v= distance of the image from the lens (m)
38
Magnification
Image size / object size Or Image distance / object distance
39
Components of a prescription
Sphere Cylinder Axis Ex. +3.00 -2.00 x 180
40
Spherical
Same power in all direction
41
Cylindrical
Power in one meridian Axis is 90° from power Identification includes both power and axis
42
Spherocylindrical lens
Sphere has power along both meridians Cylinder has no power along axis
43
Transposition tip
When converting a 3 digit axis, add the first 2 digits together ex; 132=042 When converting a 2 digit axis, place a 1 at the start and subtract 10 ex; 057 = 147 NOTE when the axis is less than 90 add 90 to it When axis is more than 90 subtract 90 from it
44
Spherical equivalent
Add half of the cylinder power to the sphere power Remove the cylinder power and axis
45
Retina
Contain rods and cones Your retina sends information to your brain through the optic nerve enabling you to see Located at the layer at the back of the eye hall
46
Posterior lens
Located behind the iris and infront of the vitreous.
47
Anterior cornea
The transparent front part of the eye that cover the iris, pupil and anterior chamber Protects the eye against infections
48
Posterior cornea
Between the iris and lens
49
Anterior lens
Behind the iris and in front of the vitreous
50
Refractive index Cornea
1.37
51
Refractive index Aqueous
1.33
52
Refractive index Lens
1.43
53
Refractive index Vitreous
1.33
54
Total refractive power
60D
55
Corneal power
43D
56
Lens power
+15D to +20D
57
Myopic
Near sighted (negative number)
58
Hyperopic
Means farsighted (positive number)
59
Optic nerve
Sends visual information from the retina to the brain
60
Optic chaism
This is an intersection where the nerve cross over allowing your primary cortex to get information from both ehes
61
Optic radiation
These are nerve divers that convey information to the visual cortex
62
Emmetropia
The focal point for parallel light rays coming into the eye is on the retina “Perfect vision”
63
Ametropia
Refractive error is present Myopia- nearsighted (rays fall at the focal point behind the retina) Hyperopia- farsighted (rays are falling at focal point infront of the retina) Astigmatism- imperfection in the curvature of the eye that causes blurred distance and near vision (Scattered light rays, not hitting a specific focal point)
64
Myopia
The eye is longer so the focal point for parallel rays land within the vitreous Corrected with diverging or minus lenses (concave)
65
Hyperopia
The eye is shorter so the focal point for parallel light rays lands behind the retina Corrected with converging or plus lenses
66
Conoid of sturm
Rays are refracted through two different powered meridians, so instead of one focal point , two points are formed
67
Aniseikonia
Unequal image sizes (concave lens make objects look smaller and closer, convex lens make object look larger and further away)
68
Anisometropia
Unequal refractive errors One eye is myopic and the other is huperopic
69
Accommodation
Eye changes it’s power to focus on near objects (Older you get your ciliary muscles become stiff) Increased curvature of the lens
70
Presbyopia
Loss of accommodation associated with aging
71
Presbyope
Someone who needs reading glasses
72
One foot candle is how many lux
10.764

Systemic And Ocular Pathologoy And Pharmacology (3 decks)

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