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Systemic And Ocular Pathologoy And Pharmacology > Word List > Flashcards

Word List Flashcards

1
Q

2 theories of light

A

Particle theory
Wave theory

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2
Q

Particle theory

A

All matter is composed of tiny indivisible particles to small to see

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3
Q

Wave theory

A

Inversely proportional to frequency. The longer the wavelength, lower the frequency.
In the same manner, shorter the wavelength, higher the frequency

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4
Q

Wave theory of light

A

Frequency= speed divided by wavelength

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5
Q

Wavelength

A

Measured in nm

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6
Q

Frequency

A

Measured in Hertz (Hz)

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7
Q

Speed of light

A

Measured in (v) = 3 x 10^8m/s

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8
Q

Electromagnetic spectrum

A

The range of frequencies and electromagnetic radiation and their respective wavelength and photon energies

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9
Q

Foot candle

A

A unit of illumination equal to one lumen /square foot

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10
Q

Luminous flux

A

Quantity of energy of light emitted per second in all direction

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11
Q

The lux

A

Is the unit of illuminance and it is an indication of how much light is incident on a surface

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12
Q

Lux

A

Measurement of the intensity of light

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13
Q

Diverging

A

Give / going out
Minus power

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14
Q

Converging

A

Receiving / coming in
Plus power

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15
Q

Parallel

A

Zero vergence
Plano

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16
Q

Real & virtual

A

Real images are inverted
Virtual images are erect

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17
Q

Converging mirror

A

When parallel light rays fall on the surface of a concave mirror. All the rays after reflection converge (meet) at a single point (focus)

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18
Q

Index or refraction

A

n = speed of light in air divided by speed of light in substance

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19
Q

Relationship between wavelength , frequency and velocity?

A

V=f(wavelength)

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20
Q

The SI unit of illuminance is what?

A

Lux(lx)

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21
Q

1 W = how many lumens?

A

16lumens

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22
Q

Conventions for light rays

A

Travel from left to right
Travel away from the source
Can be affected upon by mirrors, lenses, prisms

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23
Q

Substance with higher index

A

More dense
Slows down the light

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24
Q

Snells law

A

n1 sin°1 = n2 sin°2
n=refractive index of medium
Sinø1 = angle of incidence
Sinø2= angle of reflection

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25
Q

Prism light way path

A

Light entering a prism bends towards the base

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26
Q

Prism formula

A

P=C/D
p= prism power (PD)
C=displacement (cm)
D= distance from prism (m)

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27
Q

Convex lens

A

Lenses that are thicker at their centre’s than at their edges are convex.
More of an oval shape
2 prisms placed base to base

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28
Q

Concave

A

Thinner at the center and thicker at the edges
A hour glass shape
2 prisms placed apex to apex

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29
Q

Focal length (f)

A

The distance from the lens to the focal point

30
Q

Is the focal point behind it infront of convex lens?

A

Focal point is behind lens

31
Q

Is the focal point behind or infront of concave lens

A

Focal point is infront of lens

32
Q

Vergence power formula

A

P=1/f
P= vergence power (diopters)
f= distance (m) from the point of focus

33
Q

Vergence power of a lens formula

A

U + P = V
U= vergence power of object rays (D)
P=power of lens in diopters (D)
V=vergence power of image rays (D)

34
Q

Vergence power

A

The vergence power is the reciprocal of the distance between a point of reference and the point of focus

35
Q

Vergence power of a lens

A

Amount that a lens or optical system converges or diverges the light

36
Q

Vergence and distance formula
Distance of the object from lens

A

U=1/u
U=vergence of the object rays (D)
u= distance of the object from the lens (m)

37
Q

Vergence and distance formula
Distance of the imagine from the lens

A

V=1/v
V=vergence of the image rays (D)
v= distance of the image from the lens (m)

38
Q

Magnification

A

Image size / object size
Or
Image distance / object distance

39
Q

Components of a prescription

A

Sphere
Cylinder
Axis
Ex. +3.00 -2.00 x 180

40
Q

Spherical

A

Same power in all direction

41
Q

Cylindrical

A

Power in one meridian
Axis is 90° from power
Identification includes both power and axis

42
Q

Spherocylindrical lens

A

Sphere has power along both meridians
Cylinder has no power along axis

43
Q

Transposition tip

A

When converting a 3 digit axis, add the first 2 digits together ex; 132=042
When converting a 2 digit axis, place a 1 at the start and subtract 10 ex; 057 = 147
NOTE when the axis is less than 90 add 90 to it
When axis is more than 90 subtract 90 from it

44
Q

Spherical equivalent

A

Add half of the cylinder power to the sphere power
Remove the cylinder power and axis

45
Q

Retina

A

Contain rods and cones
Your retina sends information to your brain through the optic nerve enabling you to see
Located at the layer at the back of the eye hall

46
Q

Posterior lens

A

Located behind the iris and infront of the vitreous.

47
Q

Anterior cornea

A

The transparent front part of the eye that cover the iris, pupil and anterior chamber
Protects the eye against infections

48
Q

Posterior cornea

A

Between the iris and lens

49
Q

Anterior lens

A

Behind the iris and in front of the vitreous

50
Q

Refractive index
Cornea

A

1.37

51
Q

Refractive index
Aqueous

A

1.33

52
Q

Refractive index
Lens

A

1.43

53
Q

Refractive index
Vitreous

A

1.33

54
Q

Total refractive power

A

60D

55
Q

Corneal power

A

43D

56
Q

Lens power

A

+15D to +20D

57
Q

Myopic

A

Near sighted (negative number)

58
Q

Hyperopic

A

Means farsighted (positive number)

59
Q

Optic nerve

A

Sends visual information from the retina to the brain

60
Q

Optic chaism

A

This is an intersection where the nerve cross over allowing your primary cortex to get information from both ehes

61
Q

Optic radiation

A

These are nerve divers that convey information to the visual cortex

62
Q

Emmetropia

A

The focal point for parallel light rays coming into the eye is on the retina
“Perfect vision”

63
Q

Ametropia

A

Refractive error is present
Myopia- nearsighted (rays fall at the focal point behind the retina)
Hyperopia- farsighted (rays are falling at focal point infront of the retina)
Astigmatism- imperfection in the curvature of the eye that causes blurred distance and near vision
(Scattered light rays, not hitting a specific focal point)

64
Q

Myopia

A

The eye is longer so the focal point for parallel rays land within the vitreous
Corrected with diverging or minus lenses (concave)

65
Q

Hyperopia

A

The eye is shorter so the focal point for parallel light rays lands behind the retina
Corrected with converging or plus lenses

66
Q

Conoid of sturm

A

Rays are refracted through two different powered meridians, so instead of one focal point , two points are formed

67
Q

Aniseikonia

A

Unequal image sizes (concave lens make objects look smaller and closer, convex lens make object look larger and further away)

68
Q

Anisometropia

A

Unequal refractive errors
One eye is myopic and the other is huperopic

69
Q

Accommodation

A

Eye changes it’s power to focus on near objects
(Older you get your ciliary muscles become stiff)
Increased curvature of the lens

70
Q

Presbyopia

A

Loss of accommodation associated with aging

71
Q

Presbyope

A

Someone who needs reading glasses

72
Q

One foot candle is how many lux

A

10.764

Systemic And Ocular Pathologoy And Pharmacology (3 decks)

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