Word Classes Flashcards
Nouns
House, Idea, James, London, etc.
Adjectives
tall, small, ugly etc.
Adverbs
seriously, madly, quickly, often, here, there, soon etc.
Verbs: lexical verb
to talk, to walk, to decide, etc.
Verbs: copula verb
to be, to become, to look, etc.
Verbs: primary auxiliary
have, do, be
Verbs: modal auxiliary
can, could, may, might, must, will, etc.
Articles: Definite Article
the
Articles: Indefinite Article
a, an
Pronouns: personal pronoun
I, you, he, she, it, we, you, they (me, him, her, us, them)
Pronouns: reflexive pronoun
myself, yourself, himself, herself, itself, ourselves, yourselves, themselves
Pronouns: dependent possessive pronouns
my, your, his, her, its, our, your, their
Pronouns: independent possessive pronouns
mine, yours, his, hers, ours, yours, theirs
Pronouns: demonstrative pronoun
this, that, these, those
Pronouns: relative pronoun
who, whom, whose, which, that
Pronouns: indefinite pronoun / quantifiers
some, each, any, all, every, both, no, none, either, neither, somebody, something etc.
Pronouns: interrogative pronoun
who, whom, whose, what, which
Difference between relative pronoun and interrogative pronoun?
An interrogative pronoun is a pronoun used in order to ask a question
A relative pronoun is used to connect a clause or phrase to a noun or pronoun
Interrogative adverbs
why, where, when, how
Numerals: cardinal numeral
one, two, three, etc.
Numerals: ordinal numeral
first, second, third, etc
Prepositions
in, on, under, with, without etc.
Conjunctions: coordinating conjunction
FANBOYS: for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so
Conjunctions: subordinating conjunction
when, before, since, until, as soon as, etc.
Interjections
whoopee, oh, gosh, hurray, bravo etc.
What is a copula verb
A copula verb is a linking verb. be (is, am, are, was, were), appear, seem, look, sound, smell, taste, feel, become and get.
What is a primary auxiliary ‘‘be” used for?
used to form the continuous tenses and the passive voice.
In the passive voice the verb ‘be’ tells us when the action happened. For example if I say, «the window is being opened by him» we know that the action is happening now because the verb ‘be’ is in the present continuous tense.
In which tenses are the auxiliaries ‘be’ and ‘have’ used?
Be and have are used to conjugate the continuous, perfect, and perfect continuous tenses.
In which way is the auxiliary ‘do’ used?
to make main verbs negative or to form interrogative sentences, and it can also be used to add emphasis to a sentence
Primary Auxiliary forms with tenses: do (4)
Do conjugates as did (past tense), does (third-person singular present tense), done (past participle), and doing (present participle)
Primary Auxiliary forms with tenses: have (3)
have conjugates as had (past tense/participle), has (third-person singular present tense), and having (present participle).
Primary Auxiliary forms with tenses: be (7)
am (first-person, present tense);
are (first/second/third person plural present tense);
is (third-person singular present tense);
was (first/third-person singular past tense)
were (first/second/third-person plural past tense)
been (past participle)
being (present participle)
How is be and to be different from each other? (primary auxiliary vs copula verb)
Primary Auxiliary: be + continuous tense
I am walking
Copula verb: be + subject
“I am a teacher.”
“They are beautiful.”
