Word bank: Structures, Trends, Chemical Reactions, Quantitative Chemistry & Analysis Flashcards
What is an Atom?
(2 marks)
An atom is the Simplest Particle of an Element that can exist on its own in a stable environment.
What is an Atomic Number?
(2 marks)
The number of protons in the nucleus of an atom. Also called the proton number.
What is a Compound? (2 marks)
A substance formed when 2 or more Elements are chemically combined.
What is an Electron?
(3 marks)
Subatomic particle, with a negative charge and a negligible mass relative to protons and neutrons.
What is an Electronic Configuration?
(1 mark)
The order Electrons are arranged in different shells.
What is an Element?
2 marks
An Element is a substance that consists of only 1 type of Atom and it cannot be broken down into anything simpler by chemical means.
What is an Isotope? (4 marks)
Atoms which have the same number of protons (so they are atoms of the same element)
but they have a different number of neutrons (so they have a different mass number).
What is a Mass Number?
(2 marks)
The number of protons and neutrons found in the nucleus of an atom.
What is a Model?
(3 marks)
An equation, diagram or analogy that helps explain a scientific idea.
What is a Molecule?
2 marks
A particle that consists of 2 or more atoms chemically bonded together.
What is a Neutron?
(2 marks)
Uncharged subatomic particle, with a mass of 1 relative to a proton.
What are Noble Gases?
(2 marks)
The elements in Group 0 of the Periodic Table, named for their lack of chemical reactivity.
What is a Nucleus?
4 marks
The central part of an atom. It contains protons and neutrons, and has most of the mass of the atom.
Plural: nuclei.
What is the Plum Pudding Model?
2 marks
The scientific idea that an atom is a sphere of positive charge, with negatively charged electrons in it.
What is a Proton?
(2 marks)
Subatomic particle with a positive charge and a relative mass of 1.
What is a Relative Atomic Mass? (4 marks)
The mass of the atom compared with that of the Carbon-12 Isotope, which has a mass of exactly 12, and it is the weighted mean of the mass numbers.
What is Relative Mass?
(2 marks)
The relative mass is the number of times heavier a particle is, compared to another.
What is a Subatomic Particle?
2 marks
Objects found in atoms, including protons, neutrons and electrons.
What is an Acid?
(2 marks)
Substance which produces Hydrogen Ions when dissolved in water.
What is an Alkali? (2 marks)
Substance which produces Hydroxide Ions when dissolved in water
What is a Balanced Equation?
(4 marks)
Chemical Equation written using the Symbols and Formulae of the Reactants + Products
- so that the number of units of each Element present is the same on both sides of the arrow.
What is meant by ‘Diatomic’?
(2 marks)
2 atoms covalently bonded in a molecule.
What is Electrolysis? (2 marks)
The decomposition of a Liquid Electrolyte using a direct current of electricity.
What is Precipitate?
2 marks
An insoluble solid which may be formed on mixing 2 solutions.
What are ‘products’?
(1 mark)
Substances formed in a chemical reaction.
What are Reactants?
(2 marks)
Substances present at the start of a chemical reaction.
What is a Redox Reaction?
(2 marks)
A redox reaction is one in which Oxidation and Reduction occur at the same time.
What is a State Symbol?
(2 marks)
A symbol used in chemical equations to show if a substance is a solid, a liquid, a gas, or an aqueous solution.
What is a Subscript?
(2 marks)
A character (number, letter or symbol) that is set below the normal line of type.
What is a Superscript?
3 marks
A character (number, letter or symbol) that appears slightly above the normal line of type, and that is usually smaller than the rest of the text.
What are Word Equations?
2 marks
An equation in which only the names of the Reactants and Products are used to model a reaction.
What is an Anion?
(1 mark)
A negative ion.
What is a Cation?
(1 mark)
A positive ion.
What is Covalent Bonding?
(2 marks)
A covalent bond is formed by a shared pair of electrons.
What are Delocalised Electrons? (1 mark)
Electrons that are free to move throughout a whole structure.
What is an Ion?
2 marks
A charged particle formed when when an atom gains or loses electrons
What is Ionic Bonding?
(2 marks)
An ionic bond is the attraction between oppositely charged ions.
What is a lone pair?
(1 mark)
An unbonded pair of electrons
What is a Metal?
(3 marks)
Shiny Element that is a good conductor of electricity and heat, and which forms Basic Oxides.
What is a Metal Compound? (2 marks)
A compound that contains 1 or more metal elements bonded to another element.
What is Metallic Bonding?
3 marks
The attraction between Delocalised Electrons and the Positive Ions in a Regular Lattice.
What is a Molecular Ion?
(2 marks)
A particle made of more than 1 atom that has an overall positive or negative charge.
What is a Non-Metal?
2 marks
Element that is a poor conductor of electricity and heat, and which forms Acidic Oxides.
What is an Aqueous Solution?
(1 mark)
A solution in which the solvent is water.
What is a Boiling Point?
2 marks
The temperature at which a substance rapidly changes from a liquid to a gas.
What does it mean to ‘Conduct’?
(2 marks)
To allow electricity, heat or other energy forms to pass through.
What does ‘Delocalised’ mean?
3 marks
Electrons that are not associated with a particular atom, eg in a metal, outer electrons can be free to move through the solid.
What is Diamond?
(7 marks)
A form (allotrope) of Pure Carbon in which all the atoms are bonded to 4 others in a Giant Tetrahedral Network Structure which is very strong.
- It is the hardest known natural substance, has a very high melting point and does not conduct electricity.
What does Ductile mean?
(1 mark)
Capable of being drawn into wires without breaking.
What is a Giant Covalent Structure? (2 marks)
A structure in which very large numbers of atoms are joined together by Covalent Bonds in a regular network.
What is Graphene?
(3 marks)
A form of Carbon consisting of a single layer of Carbon Atoms joined together in Hexagonal Rings.
What is Graphite?
(3 marks)
A form of Pure Carbon in which all the atoms are bonded to 3 others in giant sheets which can slide over each other.
What is an Ionic lattice?
1 mark
The regular arrangement of Ions in an Ionic Substance.
What is a Lubricant?
(1 mark)
Anything which reduces the friction between 2 surfaces.
What does it mean to be ‘Malleable’?
(1 mark)
Capable of being hammered into a new shape without breaking.
What is a Melting Point?
(2 marks)
The temperature at which a solid changes into a liquid as it is heated.
What are Van der Waals’?
2 marks
Intermolecular attractions found between molecules of substances.
What is a Nanoparticle?
(1 mark)
A structure that is 1 - 100 nm in size.
What is a Nanoparticulate?
(2 marks)
Useful substances containing nanoparticles.
What is a Surface Area? (2 marks)
The total area of all sides on a 3D shape.
What is Volume?
3 marks
The volume of a three-dimensional shape is a measure of the amount of space or capacity it occupies.
What does ‘Sonorous’ mean?
1 mark
Makes a ringing sound when struck.
