Word Bank List Flashcards
Secobarbital
Barbituate used to sleep the night before surgery
Moderate
sedation state of depressed level of consciousness
Beir Block
uses double tourniquet method to exanguinate
ASA
Classification system of perioperative risk based on patients physiological status
PONV
Post operative nausea and vomiting, most common minor anesthesia risk.
Hylaraunidase
a protein enzyme that temporarily and reversibly depolymerizes hyaluronic acid; this creates microchannels in the interstitial matrix for fluid to flow.
Dantrolene
used to relax muscles rigidity. (MH prevention and treatment) also can be used for rigidity associated with MS, Cerbral Palsy, Stroke and injury to the spine.
Glucose
added to spinal to make the medication heavier than CSF
Versed
(Midazolam) given in pre-op setting to decrease anxiety
Induction
The first phase of anesthesia
Dextran
a polysacharride- expands blood volume
mydriatics
eye drops that dilate the pupil and paralyze the iris sphincter
capnometer
measures the concentration of carbon dioxde in exhaled air
Atropine
anti-cholinergic administered pre-operatively, blocks receptors on the vagus nerve & results in inhibiting the mucus secretions in the respiratory & digestive tracts.
Succinylcholine
a skeletal muscle relaxant. It is used to relax muscles during surgery or while on a breathing machine. Can trigger MH. Causes fascinations to to depolarizations.
Hypoxia
respiratory condition that typically occurs before dysrhythmias are noted
Yellow
usual color of the AIR hose in the OR
Blue
cyanosis
Cricoid
occlude the esophagus to prevent aspiration
vocal chords
most narrow anatomical part of adult trachea
Protamine Sulfate
The anti-heparin
calcium chloride
myocardial stimulant that increases the contraction of the myocardium
lidocaine
Controls Ventricular Arrhythmias
propofol
hypnotic agent that is chemically unrelated to other anesthetic substances
Narcan
anti-opioid
levophed
vasoconstrictor similar to adrenaline. used to treat low BP.
Cell
mitochondria is considered the powerhouse of the ________.
Pinocytosis
process by which the cell takes in the fluids along with dissolved small molecules. “cell drinking”
Clostridium perfringens
A spore-forming anaerobic gram-positive bacilli that results in gas gangrene
Chains
Streptococci means that bacteria cells appear in __________.
Bacteria
are ubiquitous, mostly free-living organisms often consisting of one biological cell. They constitute a large domain of prokaryotic microorganisms. Typically a few micrometres in length, bacteria were among the first life forms to appear on Earth, and are present in most of its habitats.
Differences are determined by Gram Staining.
Fibrinolysin
An enzyme produced by some virulent microorganisms, that breaks down fibrin and leads to wound infection.
Phagocytosis
Process that takes place when WBCs surround a foreign particle and is part of the body’s second line of defense.
Mutation
All viruses are capable of ______________.
flagella
Responsible for bacterial motility.
spore
Bacteria which is highly resistant to sterilization.
lysosome
membrane-enclosed organelles that contain an array of enzymes capable of breaking down all types of biological polymers—proteins, nucleic acids, carbohydrates, and lipids.
fungi
a group of eukaryotic organisms that include microorganisms like yeasts and molds, as well as mushrooms.
Bacilli
a taxonomic class of bacteria that includes two orders: Bacillales and Lactobacillales. The word “bacilli” can also refer to a type of rod-shaped bacterium.
Herpes Simplex
-viral infection that causes painful blisters or ulcers.
- It comes in two forms: HSV-1 and HSV-2, which cause oral and genital herpes
-HSV-1 tends to affect the mouth and face
-HSV-2 tends to affect the genital area
Natural passive Immunity
Naturally acquired passive immunity occurs during pregnancy, when antibodies are passed from the maternal blood into the fetal bloodstream.
Viruses
a submicroscopic infectious agent that replicates only inside the living cells of an organism.
Clostridium tetani
a common soil bacterium and the causative agent of tetanus.
Passive transport
a type of membrane transport that does not require energy to move substances across cell membranes. Instead of using cellular energy, like active transport, passive transport relies on the second law of thermodynamics to drive the movement of substances across cell membranes
“travels the path of least resistance”
Parasitic worms (helminths)
also known as helminths, are large macroparasites; adults can generally be seen with the naked eye. Many are intestinal worms that are soil-transmitted and infect the gastrointestinal tract. Other parasitic worms such as schistosomes reside in blood vessels.
Staphylococcus aureus
a Gram-positive spherically shaped bacterium, a member of the Bacillota, and is a usual member of the microbiota of the body, frequently found in the upper respiratory tract and on the skin.
The bacteria that are spherical in shape, appear in clusters, and are the most common cause of postoperative wound infections.
Genome
Prions are unique because they lack a ___________.
Autoimmunity
when the body’s immune system mistakenly attacks its own healthy cells, tissues, and organs. This happens when the body’s normal development process is disrupted, preventing the immune system from recognizing its own cells and tissues as “self”
Protoplasm
the living part of a cell that is surrounded by a plasma membrane. It is a mixture of small molecules such as ions, monosaccharides, amino acids, and macromolecules such as proteins, polysaccharides, lipids, etc.
Spirilli
a genus of Gram-negative bacteria in the family Spirillaceae
spaghetti like in shape
Prion
a misfolded protein that can induce misfolding of normal variants of the same protein and trigger cellular death. Prions cause prion diseases known as transmissible spongiform encephalopathies that are transmissible, fatal neurodegenerative diseases in humans and animals.
Mad cow disease cause
Endogenous
Endogenous substances and processes are those that originate from within a living system such as an organism, tissue, or cell.
Cocci
A coccus is any bacterium or archaeon that has a spherical, ovoid, or generally round shape
santorini
Small pancreatic duct that empties into the duodenum at the minor duodenal papilla.
long thoracic nerve
Nerve that innervates the serratus anterior muscle.
hepatic
The ducts that drain bile directly into the gallbladder.
falx cerebri
A layer of dura mater that separates the brain into hemispheres.
collagen
Produced by fibroblasts.
amylase
A starch-splitting enzyme.
acromegaly
Excessive growth hormones
hypothalamus
Regulates body temperature
isthmus
Connects the two lobes of the thyroid gland.
emissary
Veins which connect the sinuses of the dura mater with the veins located on the exterior surface of the skiull.
choroid plexus
Where CSF produced
thoracodorsal
Innervates the latissimus dorsi muscle.
common iliac
An artery which trifurcates into the left gastric, splenic and hepatic arteries.
external carotid
Supplies blood to the thyroid gland.
oddi
A sphincter which is located at the distal end of the CBD and controls the release of pancreatic juice into the duodenum.
heister
Spiral-shaped mucosal folds located the the gallbladder neck and cystic duct.
kidney
Located retroperitoneal.
poupart’s ligament
Anatomical division between the femoral and inguinal regions.
falciform
Divides the liver into two lobes.
internal iliac artery
Serves as the main blood supply for the pelvis and perineum.
levator ani
Extends as a sheet of muscle across the pelvic outlet and innervates the pudendal nerve.
condyle
A projection on the surface of a bone that is located at a point of articulation with another bone.
renal pelvis
Where the ureter enters the kidney and the pelvis expands into the calyces which serve to collect urine.
brachiocephalic
What is the first branch from the aortic arch called?
