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Phys III Final > Word and Phrase Sheet > Flashcards

Word and Phrase Sheet Flashcards

1
Q

What is the proportion of the fluid reaching the kidneys which passes into the renal tubules

A

Filtration fraction

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2
Q

T/F: In a normal healthy adult, the glomerular filtrate SHOULD contain proteins and cellular elements

A

FALSE

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3
Q

What does the transport of Na+ from the tubular cells into the interstitial fluid during reabsorption require

A

Potassium

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4
Q

What is the correct flow of urine from formation to storage

A

Nephrons, collecting ducts, renal calyces, ureters, bladder

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5
Q

Voluntary urination: what excites the micturition reflex signalling voluntary external urethral sphincter relaxation

A

Pudendal n.

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6
Q

What is the limit to the rate at which a solute can be transported during active reabsorption or secretion is called

A

the transport maxiumum (ex. glucose)

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7
Q

Substances passively absorbed that do NOT have a transport maximum depend on what

A

Electrochemical gradient, membrane permeability, and time in tubule

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8
Q

What does osmosis of water cause

A

Solvent drag-movement of water carries solutes with it

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9
Q

Where does osmosis occur in the loop of henle

A

Descending segment

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10
Q

Which capillary type has a high hydrostatic pressure

A

Glomerular

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11
Q

Which capillary type has a low hydrostatic pressure

A

Peritubular

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12
Q

What will the presence of a high concentration of ADH in the cortical collecting tubule do to the membrane

A

Make it permeable to water

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13
Q

What is distal tubule water permeability dependent upon

A

ADH, high=high permeability, low=low permeability

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14
Q

What is a person who is sweating profusely at risk for

A

Hypernatremia

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15
Q

What is hypernatremia, and what is it due to

A

Plasma sodium to high due to excessive sweating, water loss, dehydration OR OVERhydration of gatorade

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16
Q

What is the equation for calculating filtration fraction

A

FF=GFR/RBF

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17
Q

T/F: the kidneys can autoregulate which means that even if arterial pressure varies greatly, there is little change in GFR

A

True

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18
Q

What effect does both norepi and epinephrine have on GFR

A

Inhibitory

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19
Q

How are the capillaries of a Nephron different from the others of the body

A

There are 3 layers of material instead

20
Q

What is the proportion of fluid reaching the kidneys which passes into the renal tubules

A

Filtration fraction

21
Q

What separates glomerular and peritubular capillary beds

A

Efferent arterioles

22
Q

What causes efferent arterioles to constrict, while allowing afferent to stay dilated when arteriole pressure decreases

A

Angiotensin II

23
Q

What is significant about the filtrate that has passed through the the proximal tubule compared to the blood plasma

A

It stays isotonic

24
Q

What is driven by sodium movement in the proximal tubule and thick ascending loop of Henle

A

Countercurrent mechanism

25
Q

What does 65% of the reabsorption

A

Proximal tubule

26
Q

Where are the specialized principle cells of the kindneys located

A

Distal tubule

27
Q

What is pressure natriuresis

A

Inc. BP = inc. sodium excretion in urine

28
Q

What is pressure diuresis

A

Inc. BP = inc. water excretion in urine (regulates BP)

29
Q

What is dec. potassium in blood

A

Hypokalemia

30
Q

What increases cellular uptake of potassium, leaving less in the blood

A

Aldosterone

31
Q

What n. segements innervate the bladder

A

S2-S3

32
Q

What n. controls the external sphincter of the bladder

A

Pudendal n.

33
Q

What is the first line of defense (secs) against changes in H+ concentration

A

Acid-base buffering system

34
Q

In order, what are the 3 lines of defense against concentration changes in H+

A

Acid-base (seconds)
Respiratory center (mins)
Kidneys via acid/base urine (hours-days; most powerful)

35
Q

What happens to tubular secretion of H+ during Alkalosis? Acidosis?

A

Alka-dec

Acid-inc

36
Q

Which capillaries have rapid filtration and are encased in bowman’s capsule

A

Glomerular

37
Q

Which capillaries are responsible for rapid fluid reabsorption

A

Peritubular

38
Q

What are the 3 layers of the capillary beds in a nephron

A

Endothelium, basement membrane, epithelium (podocytes)

39
Q

What is foamy urine a sign of

A

Protein in urine; could signal they have nephrotic syndrome

40
Q

If osmolarities stay equal throughout structure it is what and occurs where

A

Isotonic, proximal tubule

41
Q

If osmolarities increase throughout structure it is what

A

Hypertonic

42
Q

If osmolarities decrease throught structure it is what, and occurs where

A

Hypotonic, Loop of Henle

43
Q

Hyponatremia, metabolic depression, poor nutrition can all lead to what kind of edema

A

Intracellular

44
Q

Fluid leakage, lymphatic failure (lymphedema) can lead to what kind of edema

A

Extracellular

45
Q

Edema is a very common symptom for what

A

Nephrotic syndrome

46
Q

Before a solute can be reabsorbed into the renal blood supply, it must first be

A

transported into the interstitial fluid

Phys III Final (2 decks)

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