Word and Phrase Sheet Flashcards
What is the proportion of the fluid reaching the kidneys which passes into the renal tubules
Filtration fraction
T/F: In a normal healthy adult, the glomerular filtrate SHOULD contain proteins and cellular elements
FALSE
What does the transport of Na+ from the tubular cells into the interstitial fluid during reabsorption require
Potassium
What is the correct flow of urine from formation to storage
Nephrons, collecting ducts, renal calyces, ureters, bladder
Voluntary urination: what excites the micturition reflex signalling voluntary external urethral sphincter relaxation
Pudendal n.
What is the limit to the rate at which a solute can be transported during active reabsorption or secretion is called
the transport maxiumum (ex. glucose)
Substances passively absorbed that do NOT have a transport maximum depend on what
Electrochemical gradient, membrane permeability, and time in tubule
What does osmosis of water cause
Solvent drag-movement of water carries solutes with it
Where does osmosis occur in the loop of henle
Descending segment
Which capillary type has a high hydrostatic pressure
Glomerular
Which capillary type has a low hydrostatic pressure
Peritubular
What will the presence of a high concentration of ADH in the cortical collecting tubule do to the membrane
Make it permeable to water
What is distal tubule water permeability dependent upon
ADH, high=high permeability, low=low permeability
What is a person who is sweating profusely at risk for
Hypernatremia
What is hypernatremia, and what is it due to
Plasma sodium to high due to excessive sweating, water loss, dehydration OR OVERhydration of gatorade
What is the equation for calculating filtration fraction
FF=GFR/RBF
T/F: the kidneys can autoregulate which means that even if arterial pressure varies greatly, there is little change in GFR
True
What effect does both norepi and epinephrine have on GFR
Inhibitory
How are the capillaries of a Nephron different from the others of the body
There are 3 layers of material instead
What is the proportion of fluid reaching the kidneys which passes into the renal tubules
Filtration fraction
What separates glomerular and peritubular capillary beds
Efferent arterioles
What causes efferent arterioles to constrict, while allowing afferent to stay dilated when arteriole pressure decreases
Angiotensin II
What is significant about the filtrate that has passed through the the proximal tubule compared to the blood plasma
It stays isotonic
What is driven by sodium movement in the proximal tubule and thick ascending loop of Henle
Countercurrent mechanism
What does 65% of the reabsorption
Proximal tubule
Where are the specialized principle cells of the kindneys located
Distal tubule
What is pressure natriuresis
Inc. BP = inc. sodium excretion in urine
What is pressure diuresis
Inc. BP = inc. water excretion in urine (regulates BP)
What is dec. potassium in blood
Hypokalemia
What increases cellular uptake of potassium, leaving less in the blood
Aldosterone
What n. segements innervate the bladder
S2-S3
What n. controls the external sphincter of the bladder
Pudendal n.
What is the first line of defense (secs) against changes in H+ concentration
Acid-base buffering system
In order, what are the 3 lines of defense against concentration changes in H+
Acid-base (seconds)
Respiratory center (mins)
Kidneys via acid/base urine (hours-days; most powerful)
What happens to tubular secretion of H+ during Alkalosis? Acidosis?
Alka-dec
Acid-inc
Which capillaries have rapid filtration and are encased in bowman’s capsule
Glomerular
Which capillaries are responsible for rapid fluid reabsorption
Peritubular
What are the 3 layers of the capillary beds in a nephron
Endothelium, basement membrane, epithelium (podocytes)
What is foamy urine a sign of
Protein in urine; could signal they have nephrotic syndrome
If osmolarities stay equal throughout structure it is what and occurs where
Isotonic, proximal tubule
If osmolarities increase throughout structure it is what
Hypertonic
If osmolarities decrease throught structure it is what, and occurs where
Hypotonic, Loop of Henle
Hyponatremia, metabolic depression, poor nutrition can all lead to what kind of edema
Intracellular
Fluid leakage, lymphatic failure (lymphedema) can lead to what kind of edema
Extracellular
Edema is a very common symptom for what
Nephrotic syndrome
Before a solute can be reabsorbed into the renal blood supply, it must first be
transported into the interstitial fluid
