Word and Phrase Sheet

Question 1

What is the proportion of the fluid reaching the kidneys which passes into the renal tubules

Answer 1

Filtration fraction

Question 2

T/F: In a normal healthy adult, the glomerular filtrate SHOULD contain proteins and cellular elements

Answer 2

FALSE

Question 3

What does the transport of Na+ from the tubular cells into the interstitial fluid during reabsorption require

Answer 3

Potassium

Question 4

What is the correct flow of urine from formation to storage

Answer 4

Nephrons, collecting ducts, renal calyces, ureters, bladder

Question 5

Voluntary urination: what excites the micturition reflex signalling voluntary external urethral sphincter relaxation

Answer 5

Pudendal n.

Question 6

What is the limit to the rate at which a solute can be transported during active reabsorption or secretion is called

Answer 6

the transport maxiumum (ex. glucose)

Question 7

Substances passively absorbed that do NOT have a transport maximum depend on what

Answer 7

Electrochemical gradient, membrane permeability, and time in tubule

Question 8

What does osmosis of water cause

Answer 8

Solvent drag-movement of water carries solutes with it

Question 9

Where does osmosis occur in the loop of henle

Answer 9

Descending segment

Question 10

Which capillary type has a high hydrostatic pressure

Answer 10

Glomerular

Question 11

Which capillary type has a low hydrostatic pressure

Answer 11

Peritubular

Question 12

What will the presence of a high concentration of ADH in the cortical collecting tubule do to the membrane

Answer 12

Make it permeable to water

Question 13

What is distal tubule water permeability dependent upon

Answer 13

ADH, high=high permeability, low=low permeability

Question 14

What is a person who is sweating profusely at risk for

Answer 14

Hypernatremia

Question 15

What is hypernatremia, and what is it due to

Answer 15

Plasma sodium to high due to excessive sweating, water loss, dehydration OR OVERhydration of gatorade

Question 16

What is the equation for calculating filtration fraction

Answer 16

FF=GFR/RBF

Question 17

T/F: the kidneys can autoregulate which means that even if arterial pressure varies greatly, there is little change in GFR

Answer 17

True

Question 18

What effect does both norepi and epinephrine have on GFR

Answer 18

Inhibitory

Question 19

How are the capillaries of a Nephron different from the others of the body

Answer 19

There are 3 layers of material instead

Question 20

What is the proportion of fluid reaching the kidneys which passes into the renal tubules

Answer 20

Filtration fraction

Question 21

What separates glomerular and peritubular capillary beds

Answer 21

Efferent arterioles

Question 22

What causes efferent arterioles to constrict, while allowing afferent to stay dilated when arteriole pressure decreases

Answer 22

Angiotensin II

Question 23

What is significant about the filtrate that has passed through the the proximal tubule compared to the blood plasma

Answer 23

It stays isotonic

Question 24

What is driven by sodium movement in the proximal tubule and thick ascending loop of Henle

Answer 24

Countercurrent mechanism

Question 25

What does 65% of the reabsorption

Answer 25

Proximal tubule

Question 26

Where are the specialized principle cells of the kindneys located

Answer 26

Distal tubule

Question 27

What is pressure natriuresis

Answer 27

Inc. BP = inc. sodium excretion in urine

Question 28

What is pressure diuresis

Answer 28

Inc. BP = inc. water excretion in urine (regulates BP)

Question 29

What is dec. potassium in blood

Answer 29

Hypokalemia

Question 30

What increases cellular uptake of potassium, leaving less in the blood

Answer 30

Aldosterone

Question 31

What n. segements innervate the bladder

Answer 31

S2-S3

Question 32

What n. controls the external sphincter of the bladder

Answer 32

Pudendal n.

Question 33

What is the first line of defense (secs) against changes in H+ concentration

Answer 33

Acid-base buffering system

Question 34

In order, what are the 3 lines of defense against concentration changes in H+

Answer 34

Acid-base (seconds) Respiratory center (mins) Kidneys via acid/base urine (hours-days; most powerful)

Question 35

What happens to tubular secretion of H+ during Alkalosis? Acidosis?

Answer 35

Alka-dec | Acid-inc

Question 36

Which capillaries have rapid filtration and are encased in bowman's capsule

Answer 36

Glomerular

Question 37

Which capillaries are responsible for rapid fluid reabsorption

Answer 37

Peritubular

Question 38

What are the 3 layers of the capillary beds in a nephron

Answer 38

Endothelium, basement membrane, epithelium (podocytes)

Question 39

What is foamy urine a sign of

Answer 39

Protein in urine; could signal they have nephrotic syndrome

Question 40

If osmolarities stay equal throughout structure it is what and occurs where

Answer 40

Isotonic, proximal tubule

Question 41

If osmolarities increase throughout structure it is what

Answer 41

Hypertonic

Question 42

If osmolarities decrease throught structure it is what, and occurs where

Answer 42

Hypotonic, Loop of Henle

Question 43

Hyponatremia, metabolic depression, poor nutrition can all lead to what kind of edema

Answer 43

Intracellular

Question 44

Fluid leakage, lymphatic failure (lymphedema) can lead to what kind of edema

Answer 44

Extracellular

Question 45

Edema is a very common symptom for what

Answer 45

Nephrotic syndrome

Question 46

Before a solute can be reabsorbed into the renal blood supply, it must first be

Answer 46

transported into the interstitial fluid