Renal Final Clicker Q's

Question 1

Juxtamedullary nephrons are distinct from cortical nephrons in that they

Answer 1

Have significantly longer loop of Henle (and descent deeper into the medulla)

Question 2

Name the muscle responsible for contraction of the bladder:

Answer 2

Detrusor

Question 3

When a patient is in standing position, approximately where should the kidneys be located?

Answer 3

Between L1 and L4

Question 4

The bladder is innervated by the ___ nerve cord segments?

Answer 4

S2 and S3

Question 5

The externa sphincter is controlled by the _____ nerve

Answer 5

Pudendal

Question 6

What starts the micturition reflex?

Answer 6

Sensory stretch receptors in the bladder wall

Question 7

Water will move across a selectively permeable membrane from a region of ____ water concentration to a region that has a ____ water concentration

Answer 7

HIGH to LOW

Question 8

The most variable source of water lost from the human body is water lost via:

Answer 8

Urine (water excreted via kidneys)

Question 9

The membranes of the glomerulus carry a negative charge to help prevent the passage of:

Answer 9

Proteins

Question 10

How many layers are present at the glomerular capillary membrane?

Answer 10

3

Question 11

How are the capillaries of nephrons different from others in the body?

Answer 11

They are three layers of material (instead of 2)

Question 12

Which of the following is the correct equation for calculating the filtration fraction?

Answer 12

FF=GRF/RPF

Question 13

Colloid osmotic pressure in the glomerulus is proportional to the concentration of:

Answer 13

Proteins in the bloodstream

Question 14

Tubular reabsorption is *Glomerular filtration is non-selective

Answer 14

Highly selective

Question 15

In the proximal tubule, reabsorption of sodium from filtrate into the tubular cells uses

Answer 15

Diffusion

Question 16

Proteins and amino acids are reabsorbed from the filtrate via:

Answer 16

Pinocytosis

Question 17

The limit to the rate at which a solute can be transported during active reabsorption or secretion is the:

Answer 17

Transport maximum

Question 18

Which portion of the loop of henle is impermeable to water?

Answer 18

Thick ascending

Question 19

In which portion ff the loop of henle do we see significant active transport of sodium?

Answer 19

Thick ascending

Question 20

How has the osmolatiry of filtrate changed when it reaches the end of the proximal tubule?

Answer 20

It has stayed the same

Question 21

What will happen to reabsorption rates if we raise peritubular capillary hydrostatic pressure in the kidneys?

Answer 21

Decrease

Question 22

What is the primary function of ADH (vasopressin)?

Answer 22

Help the body retain water

Question 23

How has the osmolarity of the filtrate changed from initial formation to when it reaches the bottom of the loop of henle?

Answer 23

Increased

Question 24

___ may be recycled many times between the medulla tissue and the filtrate in the renal tubule?

Answer 24

Urea

Question 25

Besides color, what is one clinical test that could be performed to determine urine concentration levels?

Answer 25

Urine specific gravity

Question 26

Which of the following is NOT a systemic change the body uses to maintain extracellular fluid balance?

Answer 26

Change fluid intake

Question 27

An increase in blood pressure leading to an increase in the volume of urine excretion is called?

Answer 27

Pressure diuresis

Question 28

A person who is salt-sensitive sees a _____ increase in blood pressure with ____ salt intake?

Answer 28

Large increase in BP with very little salt intake

Question 29

Increasing the levels of ADH in your bloodstream will lead to _____ reabsorption of water in the kidneys?

Answer 29

Increased

Question 30

When you have leakage of fluid from the circulatory system into extracellular spaces, the kidneys will react by____?

Answer 30

Reabsorbing additional water

Question 31

The majority (~65%) of potassium reabsorption in the kidneys occurs in the ______?

Answer 31

Proximal tubule

Question 32

When there is potassium depletion in the body, there will be additional potassium reabsorption in the ______?

Answer 32

Intercalated cells

Question 33

Acute acidosis will result in ____ potassium secretion and chronic acidosis will result in _______ potassium secretion?

Answer 33

Acute= decreased K+ secretion, chronic= increased K+ secretion

Question 34

Approximately how much of the calcium filtered at the glomerulus is reabsorbed by the kidneys?

Answer 34

99%

Question 35

Magnesium removal from the blood stream occurs primarily at the:

Answer 35

Glomerular capsule

Question 36

The majority of phosphate reabsorption in the kidneys occurs in the:

Answer 36

Proximal tubule

Question 37

If a person’s blood pH drops below 7.4 they have:

Answer 37

Acidosis

Question 38

Most HCO3 reabsorption occurs in the______?

Answer 38

Proximal tubule

Question 39

Primary active transport of H+ occurs in the ________ cells

Answer 39

Intercalated cells

Question 40

The primary amino acid used for gluconeogenesis in the kidneys is_____?

Answer 40

Glutamine

Question 41

Regardless of the type, diuretics act on the nephrons of the kidneys to_____?

Answer 41

Increase urine volume output

Question 42

Hyponatremia can be dangerous because it can cause cells to_____?

Answer 42

Swell

Question 43

A key distinction between nephrotic and nephritic syndrome is the presence of ____ in the urine in a person with nephritic syndrome

Answer 43

Nephritic= blood (also has proteins but blood is specific to nephritic)

Question 44

If left untreated, cystitis could result in_______?

Answer 44

Polycystic kidney disease

Question 45

Polycystic kidney disease (PKD) is entirely a _____ disease

Answer 45

Genetic

Question 46

The purpose of dialysis is to

Answer 46

Replace kidney function

Question 47

Currently, the most common case of chronic kidney disease is:

Answer 47

Diabetes