Renal Final Clicker Q's Flashcards

1
Q

Juxtamedullary nephrons are distinct from cortical nephrons in that they

A

Have significantly longer loop of Henle (and descent deeper into the medulla)

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2
Q

Name the muscle responsible for contraction of the bladder:

A

Detrusor

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3
Q

When a patient is in standing position, approximately where should the kidneys be located?

A

Between L1 and L4

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4
Q

The bladder is innervated by the ___ nerve cord segments?

A

S2 and S3

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5
Q

The externa sphincter is controlled by the _____ nerve

A

Pudendal

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6
Q

What starts the micturition reflex?

A

Sensory stretch receptors in the bladder wall

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7
Q

Water will move across a selectively permeable membrane from a region of ____ water concentration to a region that has a ____ water concentration

A

HIGH to LOW

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8
Q

The most variable source of water lost from the human body is water lost via:

A

Urine (water excreted via kidneys)

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9
Q

The membranes of the glomerulus carry a negative charge to help prevent the passage of:

A

Proteins

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10
Q

How many layers are present at the glomerular capillary membrane?

A

3

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11
Q

How are the capillaries of nephrons different from others in the body?

A

They are three layers of material (instead of 2)

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12
Q

Which of the following is the correct equation for calculating the filtration fraction?

A

FF=GRF/RPF

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13
Q

Colloid osmotic pressure in the glomerulus is proportional to the concentration of:

A

Proteins in the bloodstream

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14
Q

Tubular reabsorption is *Glomerular filtration is non-selective

A

Highly selective

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15
Q

In the proximal tubule, reabsorption of sodium from filtrate into the tubular cells uses

A

Diffusion

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16
Q

Proteins and amino acids are reabsorbed from the filtrate via:

A

Pinocytosis

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17
Q

The limit to the rate at which a solute can be transported during active reabsorption or secretion is the:

A

Transport maximum

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18
Q

Which portion of the loop of henle is impermeable to water?

A

Thick ascending

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19
Q

In which portion ff the loop of henle do we see significant active transport of sodium?

A

Thick ascending

20
Q

How has the osmolatiry of filtrate changed when it reaches the end of the proximal tubule?

A

It has stayed the same

21
Q

What will happen to reabsorption rates if we raise peritubular capillary hydrostatic pressure in the kidneys?

22
Q

What is the primary function of ADH (vasopressin)?

A

Help the body retain water

23
Q

How has the osmolarity of the filtrate changed from initial formation to when it reaches the bottom of the loop of henle?

24
Q

___ may be recycled many times between the medulla tissue and the filtrate in the renal tubule?

25
Besides color, what is one clinical test that could be performed to determine urine concentration levels?
Urine specific gravity
26
Which of the following is NOT a systemic change the body uses to maintain extracellular fluid balance?
Change fluid intake
27
An increase in blood pressure leading to an increase in the volume of urine excretion is called?
Pressure diuresis
28
A person who is salt-sensitive sees a _____ increase in blood pressure with ____ salt intake?
Large increase in BP with very little salt intake
29
Increasing the levels of ADH in your bloodstream will lead to _____ reabsorption of water in the kidneys?
Increased
30
When you have leakage of fluid from the circulatory system into extracellular spaces, the kidneys will react by____?
Reabsorbing additional water
31
The majority (~65%) of potassium reabsorption in the kidneys occurs in the ______?
Proximal tubule
32
When there is potassium depletion in the body, there will be additional potassium reabsorption in the ______?
Intercalated cells
33
Acute acidosis will result in ____ potassium secretion and chronic acidosis will result in _______ potassium secretion?
Acute= decreased K+ secretion, chronic= increased K+ secretion
34
Approximately how much of the calcium filtered at the glomerulus is reabsorbed by the kidneys?
99%
35
Magnesium removal from the blood stream occurs primarily at the:
Glomerular capsule
36
The majority of phosphate reabsorption in the kidneys occurs in the:
Proximal tubule
37
If a person's blood pH drops below 7.4 they have:
Acidosis
38
Most HCO3 reabsorption occurs in the______?
Proximal tubule
39
Primary active transport of H+ occurs in the ________ cells
Intercalated cells
40
The primary amino acid used for gluconeogenesis in the kidneys is_____?
Glutamine
41
Regardless of the type, diuretics act on the nephrons of the kidneys to_____?
Increase urine volume output
42
Hyponatremia can be dangerous because it can cause cells to_____?
Swell
43
A key distinction between nephrotic and nephritic syndrome is the presence of ____ in the urine in a person with nephritic syndrome
Nephritic= blood (also has proteins but blood is specific to nephritic)
44
If left untreated, cystitis could result in_______?
Polycystic kidney disease
45
Polycystic kidney disease (PKD) is entirely a _____ disease
Genetic
46
The purpose of dialysis is to
Replace kidney function
47
Currently, the most common case of chronic kidney disease is:
Diabetes