Word Analysis Flashcards
Deep orthography
Letter-sound correspondence in English is inconsistent
Phonics strategies for ELLs
emphasizing letters that may have different pronunciations in English than in the students’ native language
grouping words that contain similar sound patterns, using charts and word banks to categorize words according to similar patterns
practicing concepts (like letter recognition, pronunciation of specific sounds, and inflectional endings) in context using content material
providing visual representations to help with identification and understanding of vocabulary
clarifying and reviewing the meanings of new words as they are introduced
Word analysis
How to break words down into their smallest units of meaning, the morphemes
Cognates
Words similar in both languages
Phonics
Understanding the relationship between letters and sounds
Structural/morphemic analysis
Using knowledge of word parts (morphemes)
Contextual analysis
Using surrounding information in a text to help determine a word
Derivational Affix
Alters the meaning or part of speech of a word. Can be prefixes and suffixes
Inflectional Affix
Alters the form of the word; typically does not change the part of speech. Usually only suffixes
6 types of syllables in English:
- Closed
- Open
- Vowel-consonant-e (VCe)
- Vowel Team (digraphs and diphthongs)
- Final stable
- R-controlled
Semantic cueing system
Draws on cues for meaning
Syntactic cueing system
Draws on structural cues
Graphophonic cueing system
Draws on visual cues
Free roots
Can stand alone (help, love, friend, etc.)
Bound roots
Cannot stand alone (geo, omni, etc.)
5 different types of context clues:
- Inference
- Definition
- Example
- Antonym
- Synonym
Denotative meaning
Literal or dictionary meaning
Connotative meaning
Words that have a secondary meaning. Use context clues to figure out what the word means.
Etymology
The history of a word
Precommunicative spelling stage
The child uses symbols from the alphabet but shows no knowledge of letter-sound correspondences
Semiphonetic stage
The child begins to understand letter-sound correspondence — that sounds are assigned to letters
Phonetic stage
The child uses a letter or group of letters to represent every speech sound that they hear in a word
Transitional stage
During the transitional stage, students evidence a growing knowledge of spelling patterns and phonics rules, but may misapply these rules in some places.
Conventional stage
Children spell most words correctly, with a reliance on phonics knowledge to spell longer words
Stages of writing and spelling:
- Precommunicative
- Semiphonetic
- Phonetic
- Transitional
- Conventional
Activities for spelling
Use word webs and families to practice common spelling patterns.
Practice rhyming activities to help students identify common phonemes and spelling patterns.
Select activities that identify common roots, prefixes, or suffixes.
Build on word families to expand students’ spelling abilities. An example of a word building activity is to begin with small words or word parts such as at, it, ick, et, and ot. Students make as many words as they can from a word or word part in a specific amount of time. It is usually fun to do this as a class or small group activity.
Keep available and review phonological/alphabet games and activities to help encourage conventional spelling.
