Word Analysis

Question 1

Deep orthography

Answer 1

Letter-sound correspondence in English is inconsistent

Question 2

Phonics strategies for ELLs

Answer 2

emphasizing letters that may have different pronunciations in English than in the students’ native language

grouping words that contain similar sound patterns, using charts and word banks to categorize words according to similar patterns

practicing concepts (like letter recognition, pronunciation of specific sounds, and inflectional endings) in context using content material

providing visual representations to help with identification and understanding of vocabulary

clarifying and reviewing the meanings of new words as they are introduced

Question 3

Word analysis

Answer 3

How to break words down into their smallest units of meaning, the morphemes

Question 4

Cognates

Answer 4

Words similar in both languages

Question 5

Phonics

Answer 5

Understanding the relationship between letters and sounds

Question 6

Structural/morphemic analysis

Answer 6

Using knowledge of word parts (morphemes)

Question 7

Contextual analysis

Answer 7

Using surrounding information in a text to help determine a word

Question 8

Derivational Affix

Answer 8

Alters the meaning or part of speech of a word. Can be prefixes and suffixes

Question 9

Inflectional Affix

Answer 9

Alters the form of the word; typically does not change the part of speech. Usually only suffixes

Question 10

6 types of syllables in English:

Answer 10

1. Closed
2. Open
3. Vowel-consonant-e (VCe)
4. Vowel Team (digraphs and diphthongs)
5. Final stable
6. R-controlled

Question 11

Semantic cueing system

Answer 11

Draws on cues for meaning

Question 12

Syntactic cueing system

Answer 12

Draws on structural cues

Question 13

Graphophonic cueing system

Answer 13

Draws on visual cues

Question 14

Free roots

Answer 14

Can stand alone (help, love, friend, etc.)

Question 15

Bound roots

Answer 15

Cannot stand alone (geo, omni, etc.)

Question 16

5 different types of context clues:

Answer 16

1. Inference
2. Definition
3. Example
4. Antonym
5. Synonym

Question 17

Denotative meaning

Answer 17

Literal or dictionary meaning

Question 18

Connotative meaning

Answer 18

Words that have a secondary meaning. Use context clues to figure out what the word means.

Question 19

Etymology

Answer 19

The history of a word

Question 20

Precommunicative spelling stage

Answer 20

The child uses symbols from the alphabet but shows no knowledge of letter-sound correspondences

Question 21

Semiphonetic stage

Answer 21

The child begins to understand letter-sound correspondence — that sounds are assigned to letters

Question 22

Phonetic stage

Answer 22

The child uses a letter or group of letters to represent every speech sound that they hear in a word

Question 23

Transitional stage

Answer 23

During the transitional stage, students evidence a growing knowledge of spelling patterns and phonics rules, but may misapply these rules in some places.

Question 24

Conventional stage

Answer 24

Children spell most words correctly, with a reliance on phonics knowledge to spell longer words

Question 25

Stages of writing and spelling:

Answer 25

1. Precommunicative
2. Semiphonetic
3. Phonetic
4. Transitional
5. Conventional

Question 26

Activities for spelling

Answer 26

Use word webs and families to practice common spelling patterns.

Practice rhyming activities to help students identify common phonemes and spelling patterns.

Select activities that identify common roots, prefixes, or suffixes.

Build on word families to expand students’ spelling abilities. An example of a word building activity is to begin with small words or word parts such as at, it, ick, et, and ot. Students make as many words as they can from a word or word part in a specific amount of time. It is usually fun to do this as a class or small group activity.

Keep available and review phonological/alphabet games and activities to help encourage conventional spelling.