Wood Technology Flashcards
What are the features of a deciduous tree?
Hardwood
Leaves fall off
Broad leaves
Seeds in nuts/berries
Slow growing
What are the features of a coniferous tree?
Softwood
Evergreen
Needle-like leaves
Seeds in pine cones
Grows quickly
Wood is a lighter colour
Give at least 3 examples of Irish hardwood trees
Oak
Ash
Beech
Birch
Elm
Horse chestnut
Spanish chestnut
Lime
Cherry
Sycamore
Maple
Give at least 3 examples of Irish softwood trees
Yew
Larch
Scots pine
Douglas fir
Norway spruce
Sitka spruce
Lodgepole pine
The outside of the tree
Outer bark
The 2nd layer inside the tree
Bast
The 3rd layer inside the tree
Cork cambium
The 4th layer inside the tree
Sapwood
The 5th layer inside the tree
Heartwood
The center of the tree
Pith
What does the outer bark do?
Protects the inside of the tree from:
Weather
Animals
Insects
Fungi
It also keeps moisture inside the tree.
What does the bast do?
Transports sap (sugar and dissolved nutrients) from the leaves to the rest of the tree.
What does the cork cambium do?
Where growth occurs
Also transports water from the roots to the leaves
What does the sapwood do?
Transports water and nutrients up and down the trunk
What is the heartwood?
The oldest part of the tree
Durable
Has no function
What are Ray cells?
Lines radiating from the pith
Transports sap between the centre and outside of the trunk
What is the pith?
The centre of the trunk
What are the steps of sharpening a chisel?
Using an oilstone move the blade back and forth in a figure of 8 process.
Flip it on its back and move back and forth to remove burr.
What are some steps in the process of applying finishes?
All marks and scratches are removed with sandpaper.
Nails and pins are punched below the surface.
Nail and pin holes are filled with wood filler.
Brush off all dust.
Apply finish.
What is a chamfer and how is it made?
Where am edge is cut at a 45° angle, it is made with a thumb gauge.
Name 2 methods of seasoning wood
Natural seasoning
Kiln seasoning
What is the process of natrual seasoning?
Boards placed in an open shed with sloped roof.
Boards are stacked and separated with stickers to allow airflow.
Block peirs and batons suspension suspend the board off the ground.
What are the advantages and disadvantages of natural seasoning?
Advantages:
Simple and low tech.
Little Labour required.
Low cost.
Low energy.
Disadvantages:
Slow drying (3-6 months).
Weather dependant.
Only dries 18-20%
Large area needed.
Describe the process of kiln seasoning.
Boards are stacked on a trolley.
Hot steam in the kiln heats the boards through the middle.
Steam keeps the kiln moist.
Vents allow in fresh air. Once the boards are fully heated moisture levels reduce.
Air absorbs the moisture.
This process is repeated.
What are the advantages and disadvantages of kiln seasoning?
Advantages:
Boards dry quicker.
Low moisture content (10%).
All wood is seasoned accurately.
Defects minimised.
Disadvantages:
Expensive.
High energy.
Requires supervision.
Lathe, set into a block that can be moved along the bed.
Tool rest
Lathe, where the motor and drive center is located.
Headstock
Lathe, the opposite side of the headstock.
Tailstock
Describe how to prepare a blank.
On 2 pieces of wood groove 2 sections using a saw and chisel.
Glue both pieces together to form one piece with a hole.
