Wood basics Flashcards
What percentage of Canada’s forests are located on provincial and territorial Crown Lands?
About 90%
Crown Land refers to land owned by the government.
What are Forestry Management Agreements (FMA’s)?
Agreements between provincial/territorial governments and logging companies for forest management.
What is the Allowable Annual Cut?
The specified annual level of harvest and minimum forest age at harvest set by the government.
How much timber was harvested in Canada in 2016?
About 155 million cubic metres (m³)
What percentage of the total standing wood volume in Canada was harvested in 2016?
0.3%
What must happen to provincial and territorial lands harvested for commercial timber?
They must be regenerated naturally or by planting and seeding.
What types of trees produce softwood?
Coniferous trees
Examples include Spruce, Pine, Fir, Cedar.
What characteristics define hardwoods?
Broad leaves, change color in seasons, shed leaves in autumn.
List examples of hardwoods found in Canada.
- Oak
- Maple
- Birch
- Apple
- Cherry
- Aspen
- Poplar
How do softwoods generally compare to hardwoods in terms of density?
Softwoods are generally softer, less dense, and faster growing.
What is the relationship between wood strength and grain direction?
Wood is much stronger parallel to the grain than perpendicular to the grain.
What factors affect the structural strength of wood?
- Species of tree
- Temperature and moisture conditions
- Size and shape of the piece
- Application of fire-retardant treatments
What is the difference in growth rate between softwoods and hardwoods?
Softwoods have a high growth rate; hardwoods have a lower growth rate.
Fill in the blank: Softwoods are _______ and less dense compared to hardwoods.
generally softer
True or False: Hardwoods are generally more expensive than softwoods.
True
What are some common uses for softwood?
- Home building
- Finishing trim
What are common uses for hardwood?
- Flooring
- Furniture
- Cabinets
What does the term ‘Crown Land’ refer to?
Land owned by the government
What are the definitions of lumber and timber?
Lumber refers to processed wood; timber refers to large pieces of wood.
What is seasoning in wood manufacturing?
The process of drying wood to reduce moisture content.
What is meant by nominal dimensions in wood terminology?
The dimensions of wood before drying and surfacing.
What are growth defects in wood?
Natural imperfections that occur as the tree grows.
What are manufacturing defects in wood?
Flaws that occur during the processing of wood.
