2-Wood manufacturing Flashcards
What is Crown Land?
Land owned by the government, typically unoccupied
Define Boreal Forest
A forest biome characterized by coniferous trees, found in high northern latitudes
What is Montane Forest?
A forest that occurs in mountainous regions, typically at higher elevations
What does Coniferous mean?
Trees that bear cones and have needle-like leaves, usually evergreen
Cones: The reproductive organs of coniferous trees are usually cones.
Male cones release pollen, while female cones contain seeds.
What does Deciduous refer to?
Trees that shed their leaves annually
Differentiate between Lumber and Timber
Lumber refers to processed wood for construction; timber is often used to describe large wood pieces or structural wood
What is Milling in wood processing?
The process of cutting logs into lumber at a sawmill
What is Seasoning in lumber processing?
The process of drying lumber to reduce moisture content
What is Surfacing in lumber processing?
The process of smoothing lumber using a planer
What is Grading in lumber?
The assessment of quality and characteristics of lumber for structural or appearance purposes
What do FSC and SFI stand for?
FSC: Forest Stewardship Council; SFI: Sustainable Forestry Initiative
Fill in the blank: Lumber that is smooth on all four sides is known as _______.
S4S
What is the purpose of heat treating lumber?
To sterilize the wood and eradicate living organisms
What temperature must the internal core of wood reach for heat treatment?
56˚C for 30 minutes
What does S-DRY indicate on lumber?
Moisture content less than 19% when surfaced
What is the moisture content of standard framing lumber seasoned at the mill?
19% moisture content
What is the difference between nominal size and actual size in lumber?
Nominal size is the ‘named’ size before seasoning; actual size is the measured size after seasoning and surfacing
True or False: Air drying lumber takes less time than kiln drying.
False
What are common grades of structural lumber?
- Select: > 80% Clear wood
- # 1 Structural: > 75% Clear wood
- # 2 Structural: > 66% Clear wood
- # 3 Structural: > 50% Clear wood
What is Wane in lumber defects?
Irregular rounding of the edges or faces caused by sawing too close to the log perimeter
What does MC stand for in wood processing?
Moisture Content
What is the typical moisture content range for growing wood?
30% to 200%
What is the effect of reducing moisture content in lumber?
Causes shrinkage and increases strength and stiffness
List the steps in the lumber production procedure.
- Felling
- Milling
- Sawing
- Seasoning
- Surfacing
- Grading
What is the significance of a grading stamp on lumber?
Indicates quality, species, and moisture content of the lumber
What does the term ‘green lumber’ refer to?
Lumber that has not been seasoned
What is the role of the Forest Stewardship Council (FSC)?
Promotes responsible forest management worldwide
What are common manufacturing defects in lumber?
- Splits
- Distortions
- Crooking
- Bowing
- Cupping
- Twisting
What is the maximum moisture content specified by KD15?
15% moisture content
KD15 wood is lumber that has been kiln-dried to a maximum moisture content of 15%. The “KD” stands for “kiln-dried”.
What is the difference between dimensional lumber and boards?
Dimensional lumber is between 2 and 4 inches thick; boards are less than 2 inches thick
What is the typical moisture content in seasoned lumber?
Less than 19% moisture content
What does HT indicate in lumber processing?
Heat Treated lumber
What are the characteristics of lumber that has been kiln dried?
Quicker drying, fewer distortions, more uniform quality
