Wood Flashcards

1
Q

What are the characteristics of softwood?

A

Softwood has needle-like leaves, a tall long shape, grows faster, is easy to work with, and is cheap.

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2
Q

What are the characteristics of hardwood?

A

Hardwood has broad leaves, a short wide shape, takes longer to grow, and is expensive.

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3
Q

What is timber?

A

Timber is wood manufactured into an artifact, such as furniture, a house, or a boat.

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4
Q

What is timber conversion?

A

Timber conversion is the process of planking trees, where planks produced from different parts of the tree trunk have different properties.

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5
Q

What is plain sawing?

A

Plain sawing is a method that is simple, cheap, and quick, but results in long annual ring wrap.

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6
Q

What is quarter/radial sawing?

A

Quarter/radial sawing is stronger, shows attractive rings, and has short annual rings, making it less likely to wrap.

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7
Q

What is seasoning in wood processing?

A

Seasoning is the removal of excess moisture from wood by drying after conversion to prevent shrinking.

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8
Q

What is air seasoning?

A

Air seasoning involves stacking wood boards with thin strips between them to allow air circulation under shelter from weather.

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9
Q

What is kiln seasoning?

A

Kiln seasoning involves stacking planks on a trolley with sticks between them and using controlled steam and temperature to dry wood.

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10
Q

What are the failures in timber?

A

Failures in timber include shrinkage, wrapping, defects (shake, knot, irregular grain, waney edge), insect attack, and fungal attack.

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11
Q

What are manufactured boards?

A

Manufactured boards are timber sheets made of wood chips or fibers glued together, available in various thicknesses.

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12
Q

What are the advantages of manufactured boards?

A

Manufactured boards are available in larger sizes, designed for specific purposes (e.g., waterproof), use waste wood, have fewer imperfections, do not split, and can come with finishes.

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13
Q

What is coctence?

A

Coctence refers to a tall, long shape that grows faster and is easy to work with.

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14
Q

What are some examples of softwood?

A

Examples of softwood include Scots Pine, Parana Pine, Spruce, Yellow Cedar, and Redwood.

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15
Q

Describe Scots Pine.

A

Scots Pine is straight-grained but prone to knots, pale in colour, strong yet easy to work with, cheap, and readily available.

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16
Q

Describe Parana Pine.

A

Parana Pine is hard and straight-grained, virtually knot-free, fairly strong, comparatively expensive, and pale yellow in colour with darker brown streaks.

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17
Q

Describe Spruce.

A

Spruce is creamy-white with small hard knots and is not very hardwearing.

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18
Q

Describe Yellow Cedar.

A

Yellow Cedar is very pale in colour, light in weight yet rigid.

19
Q

Describe Redwood.

A

Redwood is relatively strong, knotty, durable when treated with a suitable coating or treatment, and low cost.

20
Q

What are the uses of Scots Pine?

A

Scots Pine is used for low-cost furniture, construction work, and simple joinery.

21
Q

What are the uses of Parana Pine?

A

Parana Pine is used for better quality furniture and structural carpentry that is visible such as windows, doors, and staircases.

22
Q

What are the uses of Spruce?

A

Spruce is used for indoor furniture including bedrooms and kitchens.

23
Q

What are the uses of Yellow Cedar?

A

Yellow Cedar is used for furniture, boat building, and veneers.

24
Q

What are the uses of Redwood?

A

Redwood is used for general woodwork, cupboards, shelves, and roofs.

25
Q

What is the color and grain type of Ash timber?

A

A light creamy-brown colour, open-grained.

26
Q

What are the characteristics of Beech timber?

A

White in colour, close-grained, hard and strong, prone to warping.

27
Q

Describe Elm timber.

A

Light brown, open grain, tough, resists splitting, durable in water and outdoor settings.

28
Q

What is the color and durability of Mahogany timber?

A

Rich reddish brown colour, strong and durable, interlocking grain.

29
Q

What are the characteristics of Oak timber?

A

Light brown colour, strong and tough, open-grained, corrodes steel screws and fittings and reacts with certain adhesives.

30
Q

What are common uses for Ash timber?

A

Sports equipment, wooden ladders, tools.

31
Q

What are common uses for Beech timber?

A

Furniture, toys, tool handles.

32
Q

What are common uses for Elm timber?

A

Indoor and outdoor furniture.

33
Q

What are common uses for Mahogany timber?

A

Good quality furniture.

34
Q

What are common uses for Oak timber?

A

High quality furniture and interior woodwork.

35
Q

What is Blockboard?

A

Blockboard is manufactured with a central core of softwood strips bonded together with adhesive and covered with a sheet of plywood on either side, and then often a finishing veneer.

36
Q

What is Chipboard?

A

Chipboard is made up of small chips of wood bonded together with resin and compressed to form sheets. It is not as strong as plywood and blockboard, nor does it come in thicker sheet sizes, but it is comparatively cheaper.

Chipboard is often used in furniture for use indoors, and it is covered in a plastic coating or veneer for a more aesthetically appealing timber.

37
Q

What is Hardboard?

A

Hardboard is made from pulped wood fibres that are pressurised until the fibres bond together to produce a board that is smooth on one side and rough on the other. It is not as strong as the other boards and is typically used in non-structural situations, such as the back of cupboards.

38
Q

What is Medium Density Fibreboard (MDF)?

A

MDF is made up from very fine wood dust and resin pressed into a board. This material can be worked, shaped and machined easily and has considerably more strength than hardboard due to the use of a resin as a bonding agent. It is used in many applications, indoors, and it can be easily finished with veneers or paint.

39
Q

What is plywood?

A

Plywood is made from veneers of timber with the grain of each layer being at right angles to the layers either side of it. The layers are bonded together by resin and pressure.

40
Q

What are the different types of plywood?

A

Different types of plywood include:
- Boil resistant plywood
- Flexible (fexi) plywood
- Interior plywood
- Laser plywood
- Marine plywood
- Weather and boil proof plywood

41
Q

What is flexible (fexi) plywood?

A

Flexible (fexi) plywood is typically three layers thick with a very thin middle layer.

42
Q

What is laser plywood?

A

Laser plywood uses non-toxic adhesive for use with laser cutters.

43
Q

What is marine plywood?

A

Marine plywood is moisture resistant.

44
Q

What is weather and boil proof plywood?

A

Weather and boil proof plywood is designed to withstand exposure to moisture and heat.