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biology > woo yeah last min paper 1 > Flashcards

woo yeah last min paper 1 Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

function of cholesterol

A

restricts the movement of other molecules to make the membrane less fluid and prevent leakage

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2
Q

channel protein structure

A

protein embedded into the membrane with a water-filled tube to allow transport of molecules

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3
Q

function of glycoproteins and glycolipids

A

helps cells attach to form tissues, glycoproteins act as markers so cells can be identified as foreign/self

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4
Q

structure of endoplasmic reticulum

A

continuous with the nucleus, system of sheet-like membranes

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5
Q

endoplasmic reticulum function

A

synthesises and transports (lipids/carbs/proteins), passes molecules to golgi

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6
Q

golgi function

A

secretes carbohydrates, modifies proteins and lipids

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7
Q

golgi vesicles

A

can be lysosomes, and contain molecules for transportation, which could be lysozymes

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8
Q

nucleolus function

A

manufactures ribosomes

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9
Q

vacuole membrane

A

tonoplast

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10
Q

cell wall functions

A

contributes to movement of water around a plant’s tissue, helps maintain structure

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11
Q

site of light-dependent

A

thylakoids, which make up grana

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12
Q

site of light-independent

A

stroma

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13
Q

function of capsule in bacteria

A

helps cells stick together

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14
Q

function of plasmids

A

contains dna helpful in adverse conditions

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15
Q

potential problems with electron micrographs

A

images may contain artefacts

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16
Q

sem vs tem resolution

A

sem is lower

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17
Q

suspension used for centrifugation

A

cold/buffered/isotonic

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18
Q

fancy word for blend

A

homogenise

19
Q

how electron microscopes work

A

electron beam targeted with electromagnets

20
Q

diversity definition

A

different alleles of a gene present in a population

21
Q

leaf transport adaptations

A

mesophyll creates large sa for absorbtion of gases, remain in gas phase for quicker absorbtion

22
Q

alveoli- why short diffusion distance

A

capillaries 1 cell thick, flattened against side of alveolus

23
Q

how does the liquid insect thing work

A

fluid at the end of tracheoles move into cells via osmosis due to lactate concentration. air drawn into cell due to this movement

24
Q

xerophytic plant adaptations

A

waxy cuticle, stomata in pits surrounded by hairs, leaves rolling up, small sa:v

25
Q

explanation of gill lamellae structure

A

capillary runs parallel to maintain countercurrent flow

26
Q

what changing shape does to bonds of substrate

A

distorts

27
Q

starch features

A

insoluble so doesnt impact water potential, coiled, branched

28
Q

cellulose levels of structure

A

chains w h bond cross-links > myofibrils > fibres

29
Q

how does water get out of the xylem?

A

water potential gradient due to evaporation

30
Q

for translocation

A 
ringing experiments
respiratory poisons
stops moving up at night
sap 
companion sells have mitochondria
31
Q

against translocation

A

not all solutes move at the same speed
movement at the same rate down the whole plant
sieve plates weird

32
Q

what are sink cells

A

respiring cells

33
Q

why does the bohr effect happen

A

lower ph changes the shape of haemoglobin

34
Q

purpose of double circulatory system

A

allows pressure to be raised again after oxygenation so blood can get to organs

35
Q

name of outside heart veins

A

coronary artery, cardiac vein

36
Q

diastole- valves

A

av open

sl closed

37
Q

atrial systole- valves

A

av open

sl closed

38
Q

ventricular systole- valves

A

av closed

sl open

39
Q

what is tissue fluid made of

A

blood plasma

40
Q

why do arterioles have thicker muscle layers

A

controls movement into capillaries

41
Q

other way for tissue fluid to return to the blood

A

lymph fluid

42
Q

species richness

A

number of different species in a community

43
Q

index of diversity

A

relationship between number of species in a community and number of individuals of each species

44
Q

conservation actions

A

maintaining or planting hedgerows
leave ponds or create new ones
use organic fertiliser
create conservation headlands with wild plants

biology (12 decks)

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