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GCSE Classics Paper 1 : Women > Women to be feared > Flashcards

Women to be feared Flashcards

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1
Q

When did Medea meet Jason?

A

When he was was on his quest to find the legendary Golden fleece

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2
Q

Who was Medea the daughter of?

A

Aites the king of Colchis

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3
Q

Jason and his quest for the golden fleece [4]:

A
  • Jason was promised the throne of Thessaly by his uncle Pelias if he got the golden fleece
  • Jason built a ship called the Argo and collected a group of heroes, later known as the Argonauts
  • The King of Colchis, Aites, did not want him to get the fleece so he set Jason a challenge
  • Jason had to yoke a pair of oxygen to a plough, used them to plough the field and then sowed the field with serpents’ teeth
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4
Q

What would happen once serpent teeth were sown into the earth?

A

Warriors would spring up from the earth

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5
Q

What were Oxen?

A

Monstrous beasts of metal that breathed fire

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6
Q

Hera’s involvement in Jason’s quest [3]:

A
  • Jason was one of the favorite mortals of Hera
  • She knew the quest for the fleece would be difficult for Jason so she made Aites’ daughter, Medea, fall in love with Jason
  • Hera hoped that Medea would help Jason complete the quest with her magical powers
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7
Q

Which Greek epic poet narrated the moment Medea fell in love with Jason ?

A

Apollonius

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8
Q

The love Eros inspired in Medea was…[2]:

A
  • Overwhelming

- She longed for nothing else but to save Jason’s life

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9
Q

How did Medea help Jason?

[3]:

A
  • She gave Jason a charm that would make him invulnerable and able to complete Aites’ tasks
  • She also used a combination of magic, chants and drugs to lull the serpent to sleep
  • In return Jason promised to take Medea back to Greece with him and marry her
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10
Q

Why was it a problem that Medea helped Jason?

A

She was betraying her father and country

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11
Q

What Greek word is Medea’s name derived from?

[2]:

A
  • ‘planner’ or ‘deviser’

- this links to her cunning characteristic

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12
Q

How did Medea slow down the angry Colchians when they chased the Argonauts?
[2]:

A
  • She killed her brother, Apsyrtus and then cut his body into to pieces
  • Every time the Colchians got close she would threw a piece of her brother into the water and the Colchians had to stop and search for the piece as they believed in proper burials
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13
Q

When Jason and Medea arrived in Thessaly…

A
  • King Pelias was shocked to see that Jason had acquired the golden fleece and refused to give up the throne
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14
Q

Medea’s plan for the throne of Thessaly [4]:

A
  • She showed the two daughters of king Pelias a magic ritual that could reverse the ageing process
  • She demonstrated by cutting up an old ram and then boiled it in a cauldron
  • When the girls weren’t looking she replaced the ram with a young lamb, tricking the girls
  • The girls tried the ritual on their father, unwittingly killing him in the process
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15
Q

What happened to Medea and Jason after the death of King Pelias? [2]:

A
  • They were driven out of Thessaly by angry townsfolk

- They had to seek refuge in The Greek city of Corinth

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16
Q

Medea’s unpopularity in Corinth [3]:

A
  • Jason and Medea settled down in Corinth and had 2 sons
  • Medea had gained an unfavourable status of the barbarian foreigner which meant that Jason was not able to get along with local rulers
  • Jason left Medea so that he can improve his status and his new bride was the princess of Corinth called Glauce
17
Q

Medea’s Revenge [4]:

A
  • Medea sends Glauce a coronet and wedding dress on the day of her wedding
  • The dress burns the princess as soon as she puts it on as Medea had cast a poisonous spell on it
  • King Creon tries to help his daughter by removing the dress but instead, it burns him to and they both die
  • Medea then finally kills her two sons to hurt their father
18
Q

Cleopatra background [3]:

A
  • She was born around 69 BC and grew up in a royal household
  • Her family was the Ptolemies and they had ruled Egypt since the fall of Alexander the Great in 323 BC
  • She became ruler in 55 BC
19
Q

Cleopatra’s sole rule of Egypt [4]:

A
  • A man and a woman should rule together although the woman should be subservient to the man
  • Her father Ptolemy died when she was 18 making her younger brother the new male monarch
  • Cleopatra took advantage of her brother’s young age and took control
  • However, her sole rule was short-lived as she had to flee Egypt in 45 BC as the result of a coup that removed her from power
20
Q

Cleopatra’s sole rule of Egypt [4]:

A
  • A man and a woman should rule together although the woman should be subservient to the man
  • Her father Ptolemy xii died when she was 18 making her younger brother the new male monarch
  • Cleopatra took advantage of her brother’s young age and took control
  • However, her sole rule was short-lived as she had to flee Egypt in 45 BC as the result of a coup that removed her from power
21
Q

The Roman civil war [5]:

A
  • It was between to military generals; Julius Caesar and Pompey
  • They had been former allies
  • After a military defeat, Pompey fled to Alexandria in Egypt
  • Pharoah Ptolemy xiii ordered Pompey’s execution in an attempt to win Caesar’s favour
  • Caesar was not impressed as he did not wish Pompey’s death only his defeat and so took control of Alexandria
22
Q

Cleopatra’s opinion on the roman civil war [2]:

A
  • She saw Caesar’s new control of Alexandria as an opportunity to reclaim her throne
  • She sought to state her case and make her claim to the Egyptian throne to Caesar himself
23
Q

Plutarch’s description of how Cleopatra got the throne [4]:

A
  • Cleopatra arranged a meeting with Caesar alone and unnoticed
  • Her plan relied on Caesar preferring her over her brother, Ptolemy xiii
  • In private she worked her charm uninterrupted
  • Caesar later declared that Cleo rule jointly with her brother
24
Q

Caesar and Cleopatra’s relationship [2]:

A
  • she became his mistress

- They then had a son Ptolemy Caesar (Caesarion)

25
Q

Ptolemy xiii’s death

A

He was killed, months after Caesarion’s birth, during a failed attempt to take the throne for himself

26
Q

Cleopatra’s unpopularity with the Romans [2]:

A
  • She was immediately unpopular as the Romans had an ingrained disdain for monarchs and she insisted on being called ‘queen’
  • The people of Rome worried that Cleo’s influence on Caesar would end in radical changes in Rome
27
Q

Cleopatra’s statue in Rome [4]:

A
  • Ordered by Julius Caesar
  • Portrayed Cleopatra as the Egyptian goddess Isis
  • It was put in the temple of Venus Genetrix, goddess of motherhood
  • This was seen as a radical change to Roman culture as the Romans did not worship rulers
28
Q

Caesar’s death [3]:

A
  • Happened months after he was elected dictator for life
  • He was stabbed to death in the senate house
  • Cleopatra returned to Alexandria fearful for her life
29
Q

Power vacuum in Rome after the assassination [3]:

A
  • 2 men rose to prominence; Mark Antony and Octavian
  • They eventually turned on each other
  • In 41 BC Antony requested Cleopatra meet him in Tarsus so that she would ally with him in upcoming wars
30
Q

Cleopatra’s seduction of Antony [4]:

A
  • According to Plutarch Cleo had no intent to ally with him but to seduce him like Caesar
  • She succeeded as he spent the winter of 41-40 BC in Egypt
  • They married in 36 BC, despite having been married to a roman noblewoman
  • This was a scandal as Bigamy was not accepted
31
Q

Donations of Alexandria [5]:

A
  • This was a public event in 34 BC held by Antony and
    Cleopatra
  • It was a celebration of Antony’s victory over the Parthians
  • The fact that it was not held in Rome was seen as proof that Cleopatra convinced Antony to move the centre of the Roman empire to Egypt
  • During the celebrations, Antony named Cleopatra the ruler of Cyprus as well as Egypt
  • By giving realms to Cleopatra and his children he was essentially betraying Rome
32
Q

Antony’s Civil war with Octavian [4]:

A
  • In 33 BC relations between the former allies had completely broken down
  • Octavian convinced the Senate to declare war on Cleopatra
  • The decisive battle of this conflict was the battle of Actium fought off the coast of Greece
  • Octavian’s forces fought against Antony and Cleopatra’s fleets
  • Antony and Cleopatra retreated to Alexandria as Octavian had won the war
33
Q

Cleopatra’s death [4]:

A
  • In 30 BC Octavian marched on Alexandria and Antony’s remaining forces became Octavian’s
  • Antony killed himself after this
  • Cleopatra killed herself shortly after
  • It is not known exactly how she killed herself but the most common version is that she allowed an Egyptian asp or Cobra to bite her

GCSE Classics Paper 1 : Women (12 decks)

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