Women's Health Review Questions Flashcards by Ashley Ruehle

Which of the following is a barrier method of contraception?
A. Birth control pill
B. Implant
C. IUD
D. Condom

Condom

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What is the primary mechanism of hormonal contraceptives?
A. Thickening Cervical Mucousa
B. Blocking sperm
C. All the above
D. Preventing Ovulation

All the above

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What is the effectiveness rate of male condoms when used correctly?
A. 85%
B. 50 %
C. 75%
D. 98%

D. 98%

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The IUD (intrauterine Device) is primarily effective for:
A. 3-10 years
B. 1-3 years
C. 1-3 months
D. Lifetime

3-10 years

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Which of the following methods is considered a nautral family planning method?
A. Vasectomy
B. Hormonal patches
C. withdrawal
D. Calender method

Calender method

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What is the main advantage of the contraceptives implant?
A. its expensive
B. can be used during breastfeeding
C. long-lasting and reversible
D. A and B

A and B

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Which method provides protection against sexually transmitted infections (STI)?
A. IUD
B. Birth control pill
C. Male Condom
D. Hormonal Patch

Male Condom

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Which of the following is NOT a hormonal method of contraception?
A. Contraceptive Patch
B. NuvaRing
C. Copper IUD
D. Birth Control Shot

Copper IUD

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Which of the following is considered a long-acting reversible contraceptive (LARC)?
A. Transdermal Patch
B. Intrauterine device (IUD)
C. Combined oral contraceptive pills
D. Contraceptive injection

Intrauterine device

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Which of the following contraceptive methods has the highest failure rate with typical use?
A. male condom
B. Diaphragm
C. Implants
D. Copper IUD

Diaphragm

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What is the recommended time frame for emergency contraception to be most effective after unprotected intercourse?
A. 120 hrs
B. 1 week
C. 24 hrs
D. 72 hrs

120 hrs

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Which of the following is a contraindication for the use of combined hormonal contraceptives?
A. Heavy menstrual bleeding
B. Migraines without aura
C. age over 35
D. History of DVT

History of DVT

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What is the most common benign breast pain and lumpiness, particularly during the menstrual cycle?
A. Breast cancer
B. Fibrocystic breast changes
C. Fibroadenoma
D. Mastitis

B. Fibrocystic breast changes

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Which imaging modality is typically first-line for evaluationg a suspicious breast lump in women aged 40 and older?
A. US
B. MRI
C. CT scan
D. Mammography

D. Mammography

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A 55 year old woman presents with a firm, non-tender mass in her right breast that has been present for several months. What is the most appropriate next step in management?
A. Observation
B. fine needle aspiration
C. immediate excisional biopsy
D. Core needle biopsy

Core needle biopsy

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Which of the following is a classic sign of inflammatory breast cancer?
A. Swelling and redness of the breast
B. A single, palpable lump
C. Skin dimpling or retraction
D. Nipple discharge

A. Swelling and redness of the breast

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In which scenario is it most appropriate to perform a breast US?
A. For assesing calcifications found on a mammogram
B. To further evaluate a palpable mass in a woman under 30
C. For routine breast cancer screening in women over 50
D. As a primary diagnostic tool for all breast complaints

B. To further evaluate a palpable mass in a woman under 30

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What is the characteristic feature of a fibroadenoma on US?
A. Solid, hypoechoic mass with posterior enhancement
B. Hyperechoic mass with irregular borders
C. Complex cystic mass with internal echoes
D. Micorcalifications scattered throughout the breast

A. Solid, hypoechoic mass with posterior enhancement

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A 40 year olf woman reports spontaneous unilateral nipple discharge. Which of the following findings is most concerning for malignancy?
A. Serous fluid
B. Greenish discharge
C. Clear fluid
D. bloody discharge

bloody discharge

Which of the following is NOT a rish factor for breast cancer?
A. Family history of breast cancer
B. Use of combined oral-contraceptives
C. Early menarche
D. Increased body mass index

B. Use of combined oral-contraceptives

What is the primary risk factor for developing breast cancer in women?
A. Hormonal replacement therapy
B. Genetic mutations (BRCA 1/ BRCA 2)
C. Age
D. Family History

C. Age

A patient presents with a painful, swollen area in her breast, along with fever and malasia. What is the most likely diagnosis?
A. Fibrocystic changes
B. Ductal extasia
C. Pagets disease of the nipple
D. Breast abscess

Breast abscess

Which of the following symptoms would most likely indicate a yeast infection rather than bacterial vaginosis?
A. Thin, grayish discharge with a fishy odor
B. Thick, white discharge resembling cottage cheese
C. Discharge with a strong, foul odor
D. Greenish-yellow discharge

B. Thick, white discharge resembling cottage cheese

36 year old female presents looking for assistance with “worsening PMS.” Her symptoms include premenstrual inability to cope with her job, irritability and depression. Her menses are regular with mild cramping and no other symptoms.
Physical exam is normal. First step in her treatment should be:
A. Referral to psychologist or psychiatrist
B. Prescription of an antidepressant medication
C. Referral to a gynecologist for hysterectomy
D. Charting symptoms on a calendar and resturning for a follow-up visit

D. Charting symptoms on a calendar and resturning for a follow-up visit

A 22 year old female presents to your office with vague complaints of lower abodminal pain and vaginal spotting. Her past history includes chlamydial infection, and she is using condoms for contraception. Her last regular menstrual period was 6 weeks ago. The most improtat test to order in this cicumstance would be: A. Hemoglobin B. Urinalysis C. Serum human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) D. Test for Chlamydia

C. Serum human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)

An absolute contrindication to postmenopausal estrogen replacement therapy (ERT) is: A. Family history of stroke or deep venous thrombosis B. Fibrocystic breast changes C. Estrogen receptor-negative breast cancer D. Undiagnosed abnormal vaginal bleeding

D. Undiagnosed abnormal vaginal bleeding

The patient is a 60 year old woman who stopped menstruating about 8 years ago. She elected not to take hormone replacement therapy (HRT). She comes in for evaluation after the occurrence of bloody staining in ther underwear. Should the bleeding be from the vagina, the test most commonly used to determine its cause is: A. CT scan of the pelvis B. Endometrial biospy C. Pap smear D. Pelvic ultrasound

B. Endometrial biospy

The patient is a 30 year old woman with a history of fairly regular menstrual cycles. She presents to you with a history of a 2 week delay of menses and left sided abdominal pain. She is not sexually active at present and takes no meds. Her examination is normal except for left adenexal mass. Ultrasound confirms the presence of a 6 cm ovarian cyst. The most appropriate next step in managing this patient is: A. Following her for 1-2 months B. Obtaining a serum level CA-125 C. Starting her immediately on high-dose oral contraceptives D. Referring her for urgent laparsocopy

A. Following her for 1-2 months

The patient is a 14 year old girl whose Pap smear indicates a low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (LSIL). You should: A. Treat and infection and repeat the Pap B. Refer her for cervical conization C. Refer her promptly for colposcopy D. Follow her with Pap smears every 4 months

C. Refer her promptly for colposcopy

A 22 year old woman comes in with a "yeast infection that won't go away." She has treated it several times with an over the counter antifungal agent. On examination, you find that she has a frothy, yellow-green, malodorous discharge, with petechial lesions on the cervix. If laboratory evaluation confirms your clinical suspicion, the appropriate treatment is: A. Clindamycin 2% cream intravaginally B. 2 grams of metronidazole by mouth in a single dose C. Doxycycline 100 mg twice a day by mouth for 7 days D. A vaginal preparation of 2% ketoconazole

B. 2 grams of metronidazole by mouth in a single dose

Factors associate with increased likelihood of breast cancer include: A. Delayed childbearing B. Multiple births C. Early menopause D. Delayed menarche

A. Delayed childbearing

All of the following are risk factors for cervical neoplasia EXCEPT: A. Early age at first intercourse B. Cigarette smoking C. Upper socioeconomic status D. Human papillomavirus

C. Upper socioeconomic status

Which of the followingwomen should NOT be screened for cervical cancer according to the American Cancer Society consensus guidelines? A. A 14 year old who is sexually active B. An 18 year old regardless of sexual activity C. A 70 year old who is sexually monogamous D. A 17 year old who is not yet sexually active

D. A 17 year old who is not yet sexually active

What is the most common cause of abnormal vaginal discharge in women of reproductive age? A. Candidiasis B. Bacterial Vaginosis C. Chlamydia D. Trichomoniasis

B. Bacterial Vaginosis

Which of the following symptoms would most likely indicate a yeast infection rather than bacterial vaginosis? A. Discharge with a strong, foul odor B. Greenish-yellow discharge C. Thin, grayish discharge with a fishy odor D. Thick, white discharge resembling cottage cheese

D. Thick, white discharge resembling cottage cheese

When diagnosing a vaginal infection, which test is commonly performed to assess the pH level of vaginal secretions? A. Pap smear B. pH test strip C. КОН prep D. Wet mount

B. pH test strip

What is the first-line treatment for bacterial vaginosis? A. Fluconazole B. Azithromycin C. Oral metronidazole D. Topical clindamycin

C. Oral metronidazole

Which of the following is the most common benign breast condition? A. Fibroadenoma B. Breast Cancer C. Ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) D. Mastitis

A. Fibroadenoma

What condition is characterized by inflammation and infection of the breast tissue, often seen during breastfeeding? A. Mastitis B. Fibrocystic breast changes C. Paget's disease D. Abscess

A. Mastitis

Metrorrhagia refers to: A. Bleeding at irregular intervals, especially between menstrual periods B. Painful menstruation C. Excessive bleeding during menstruation D. Absence of menstruation

A. Bleeding at irregular intervals, especially between menstrual periods

Menometrorrhagia is best described as: A. Heavy menstrual bleeding accompanied by irregular bleeding B. Menstrual bleeding that lasts less than two days C. Absence of any menstrual bleeding D. Spotting between periods only

A. Heavy menstrual bleeding accompanied by irregular bleeding

As a female ages, which of the following changes typically occurs with AMH levels? A. AMH levels fluctuate significantly B. AMH levels remain unchaged C. AMH levels increase D. AMH levels decrease

D. AMH levels decrease

What is the typical pattern of FSH levels during the menstrual cycle? A. Steady throughout the cycle B. Peaks during ovulation C. Peaks in the follicular phase D. Peaks in the luteal phase

C. Peaks in the follicular phase

In a woman undergoing evaluation for fertility, elevated FSH levels combined with low AMH levels may suggest: A. Poor ovarian reserve B. Normal ovarian function C. Polycystic ovarian syndrome D. High ovarian reserve

A. Poor ovarian reserve

How long does the corpus luteum typically maintain hormone production during the first trimester of pregnancy! A. 6-8 weeks B. 2 weeks C. 12 weeks D. Until delivery

A. 6-8 weeks

If pregnancy occurs, what happens to the corpus luteum? A. It transforms into a new follicle B. It degenerates immediately C. It becomes inactive and disappears D. It continues to function and produces hormones

D. It continues to function and produces hormones

Which hormone is primarily responsible for maintaining the corpus luteum during early pregnancy? A. Progesterone B. Luteinizing hormone (LH) C. Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) D. Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)

D. Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)