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SpeCon > Women's health & obstetrics > Flashcards

Women's health & obstetrics Flashcards

1
Q

4 bones of the pelvis

A

sacrum
ileum
ischium
pubis

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2
Q

4 main shapes of female pelvis

A

gynecoid
arthropoid
platypelloid
android

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3
Q

force closure

A

interlocking ridges and grooces of bony joint surfaces of pelvis
bony structure that makes up pelvis

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4
Q

form closure

A

achieved through compressive forces of the muscles, ligaments, and fascia providing passive stabilities

active: muscles
passive: ligaments, fascia

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5
Q

3 major functions of pfm

A

support pelvic organs
continence of urine & feces
sexual functions of arousal & orgasm

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6
Q

pelvic floor functions (7)

A

pelvic organ support
pregnancy and childbirth
breathing (helps maintain equilibrium of intra-abdominal pressure)
control bladder and control bowel
sexual function
passage of urine and feces

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7
Q

pelvis is posteriorly made of

A

sacrum and attachment to ilium

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8
Q

pelvis is anteriorly made of

A

attachment of both pubis via symphysis pubis

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9
Q

anterior sacroiliac ligaments and resistance

A

anterior longitudinal ligament, sacroiliac ligament, sacrospinous ligament

stabilizes joint by resisting upward movement of the sacrum and lateral movement of the ilium

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10
Q

posterior sacroiliac ligaments and resistance

A

long dorsal sacroiliac ligaments, supraspinous ligaments, iliolumbar ligaments, sacrotuberous ligaments

resist downward and upward movement of the sacrum and medial motion of the ilium

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11
Q

gynecoid pelvis: relationship of transverse diameter to ap diameter of inlet

A

transverse slightly bigger than AP

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12
Q

android pelvis: relationship of transverse diameter to ap diameter of inlet

A

transverse diam is > AP

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13
Q

anthropoid pelvis: relationship of transverse diameter to ap diameter of inlet

A

AP>transverse ONLY ONE

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14
Q

platypelloid pelvis: relationship of transverse diameter to ap diameter of inlet

A

transverse MUCH greater than AP

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15
Q

gynecoid shape

A

transverse oval

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16
Q

android shape

A

heart

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17
Q

anthropoid shape

A

AP oval

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18
Q

platypelloid shape

A

flat bowl like

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19
Q

gynecoid subpubic angle

A

90 degrees

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20
Q

android subpubic angle

A

> 90 degrees

21
Q

gynecoid pelvic side wall

A

straight and parallel

22
Q

android pelvic side wall

A

convergent

23
Q

anthropoid pelvic side wall

A

narrow

24
Q

platypelloid pelvic side wall

A

divergent

25
Q

only pelvis shape with prominent ischial spine

A

android

26
Q

obstetric outcome/delivery gynecoid

A

no difficulty in engagement and delivery
m/c position of head
LOT/LOA

27
Q

obstetric outcome/delivery android

A

engagement delayed
deep transverse arrest/persistent occipitoposterior position common

difficulty instrumental delivery

28
Q

obstetric outcome/delivery anthropoid

A

diameter of engagement is AP diameter

direct occipito posterior position is m/c

nonrotation is common

difficulty delivery but not as difficult as android

face to pubes delivery

29
Q

obstetric outcome/delivery platypelloid

A

head engages in transverse diameter with marked asyncliticism

engaging diameter is supersub parietal diameter instead of usual biparietal diameter

If head is able to negotiate
the inlet by means of
asynclitism then normal
labor otherwise cesarean
section

30
Q

ischocavernosus attachment

A

male: base of penis
female: clitoris

31
Q

muscle that goes around anus

A

puborectalis

32
Q

bulbospongiosus or bulbocavernosus

A

male: surrounding base of penis
female: surrounding vaginal cavity

33
Q

urogenital diaphragm

A

endopelvic fascia
thickening of retroperitoneal fascia
strong, muscular membrane
triangular ligament
stretches across the triangular anterior portion of the pelvic outlet

34
Q

broad ligaments

A

thin, mesenteric-like double reflection of peritoneum

thickened connective tissue that helps support pelvic structures

stretches from lateral pelvic sidewalls to uterus

35
Q

cardinal/mackenrodt’s ligaments

A

extend from the lateral aspects of the upper part of the cervix and the vagina to the pelvic wall

36
Q

uterosacral ligaments

A

extend from upper portion of cervic posteriorly to 3rd sacral vertebra

help support uterus in the female sexual organ within th epelvis

37
Q

pubovesical ligament

A

for urinary bladder

38
Q

superficial pelvic floor muscles

A

external anal sphincter
perineal body
puboperineal muscles: pubopostaticus or pubovaginalis

39
Q

deep pelvic floor muscles

A

levator ani (pubococcygeus, ileococcygeus, puborectalis)

coccygeus

40
Q

puborectalis oina

A

o: pubic symphysis
i: pubic symphysis
n: s3-s5
a: raises pelvic floor

41
Q

pubococcygeus oina

A

o: posterior pubic bone & arcis tendineus
i: anococcygeus ligament & coccyx
n: s3-s5
a: maintains floor tone in upright position

42
Q

iliococcygeus oina

A

o: ischial spine & arcus tendineus
i: anococcygeus raphe & coccyx
n: s3-s5
a: voluntary control of urination

43
Q

coccygeus oina

A

o: ischial spine
i: lower sacral & upper coccygeal bones
n: s3-s5
a: support of fetal head

44
Q

piriformis oina

A

o: anterior sacrum
i: posterior surface of greater trochanter
n: s1-s2 via nerve to piriformis
a: lateral rotation, abduction of thigh; retroversion of pelvis

45
Q

obturator internus oina

A

o: pelvic surface of ilium, ischium, & obturator membrane
i: posterior surface of greater trochanter
n: L5, S1-S2 via nerve to obturator internus
a: lateral rotator of thigh

46
Q

internal anal sphincter

A

extension of circular muscle layer of rectum
involuntary

47
Q

external anal sphincter

A

extension of longitudinal muscles of the rectum
has voluntary and involuntary parts

48
Q

levator ani surrounds

A

distal part of anal sphincter

SpeCon (6 decks)

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