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Women's health + Pharm > Women's Health Lecture 1 > Flashcards

Women's Health Lecture 1 Flashcards

1
Q

When to start a mammogram

A

50 y/o

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2
Q

When to begin colonoscopy

A

45 y/o

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3
Q

When for DEXA scan

A

65 y/o younger w/risk

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4
Q

LMP

A

First day of bleeding

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5
Q

When does menopause usually begin

A

48-55 y/o

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6
Q

What do you suspect with postmenopausal bleeding?

A

Uterine Cancer

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7
Q

Usual menarche age

A

9-16
- can take up to an year to become regular

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8
Q

Usual interval between periods

A

24-32 days

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9
Q

How long is bleeding?

A

3-7 days

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10
Q

Amenorrhea

A

Absence of menstrual periods

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11
Q

Oligomenorrhea

A

infrequent menstrual periods

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12
Q

Menorrhagia

A

bleeding that lasts more than 7 days

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13
Q

Metrorrhagia

A

abnormal bleeding

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14
Q

menometrorrhagia

A

excessive and prolonged uterine bleeding occurring at irregular periods

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15
Q

dysmenorrhea

A

painful period

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16
Q

polymenorrhea

A

occurring more frequent than 21 days

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17
Q

the 5 p’s

A

partner, pregnancy prevention, protection, practices, past STI

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18
Q

When to take a sexual History?

A

All new patients, patients with symptoms, patient with medical or social problem that may lead to sexual difficulties

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19
Q

GTPAL

A

Gravidity - total number of pregnancies
T - term
P- Preterm
A- abortion, miscarriage
L - living

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20
Q

Naegele’s rule

A

first date of LMP + 7 days - 3 months

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21
Q

What does the health exam consist of?

A

breast, abdominal and pelvic exam

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22
Q

What is followed by ovulation

A

menstrual bleeding

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23
Q

average age of menarche

A

12

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24
Q

average age of menopause

A

51

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25
Q

the average interval between the start and beginning of the next menses

A

28

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26
Q

Phases of the reproductive cycle

A

follicular, ovulation and luteal phase

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27
Q

Which phase remains relatively constant

A

luteal phase

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28
Q

follicular phase

A

Onset of menses

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29
Q

When does it mark the end of the follicular phase

A

When the LH surges

30
Q

How long does the follicular phase last?

A

14 days

31
Q

What happens to the endometrium during follicular phase?

A

proliferate

32
Q

When does ovulation occur?

A

With in 30-36 hours of LH surge

33
Q

purpose of ovulation phase

A

window to get pregnant and egg to be fertilized

34
Q

When does the Luteal phase begin

A

begins the day of LH surge

35
Q

When does luteal phase end?

A

onset of menses

36
Q

How long does the luteal phase lasts?

A

14 days

37
Q

What happens to the endometrium during luteal phase

A

endometrium is in secretory phase

38
Q

explains the release of the sex hormones from the hypothalamus

A

hypothalamus release GnRH –> stimulates the anterior pituitary to release FSH and LH –> stimulates the ovaries to release estrogen and progesterone

39
Q

Purpose of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis

A

stimulates oocyte development and ovulation, endometrial development and menstruation

40
Q

What is used as an indirect measurement for GnRH

A

LH levels

41
Q

Role of the hypothalamus

A

pulse generator of the reproductive cycle

42
Q

When does the follicles stop growing except one?

A

day 7

43
Q

role of the estrogen

A

thicken the wall of the uterus to prepare for pregnancy

44
Q

What stimulates the mid cycle LH surge

A

Peak estradiol from the dominant follicle

45
Q

What is left after ovulation?

A

Corpus luteum - which secretes progesterone

46
Q

When is considered the first day of menstrual cycle

A

First day of bleeding is Day 1 of the menstrual cycle

47
Q

What decline cause menstruation

A

Decline of progesterone and estrogen

48
Q

Role of prostaglandin

A

produce contractions of the uterine vasculature and musculature
- induce endometrial ischemia and cramping
-aid in expulsion of blood and tissue

49
Q

what induces endometrial healing

A

rising estrogen levels in early follicular phase

50
Q

what happens when the estrodiol level rise during follicular phase

A
  • decline in FSH
    -cause LH to increase by mid follicular phase
51
Q

Which follicle becomes the dominant follicle

A

the one with the greatest number of granulose cells and FSH receptors and highest estradiol production

52
Q

When does LH usually occur

A

11-13 of cycle

53
Q

which cell change during phase 2 of ovulation

A

granulosa and the theca cells change to produce progesterone

54
Q

Mittelschmerz

A

pain associated with ovulation

55
Q

Where does fertilization occur

A

in the fallopian tube

56
Q

What is secreted in the luteal phase

A

progesterone

57
Q

Process of luteinization

A

LH surge stimulates LH receptors and convert cells to produce progesterone

58
Q

When does progesterone begin to secrete

A

24 hours before ovulation

59
Q

lifespan of corpus luteum

A

9-11 days

60
Q

What begins to new cycle

A

rise in FSH

61
Q

What sustains the corpus luteum when fertilization occurs

A

human chorionic gonadoropin hormone (hCG)

62
Q

what replaces the corpus luteum by 9-10 weeks with conception

A

placenta

63
Q

What happens to the corpus luteum if no conception occurred

A

It becomes the corpus albicans

64
Q

When does the endometrial reach its maximum thickness?

A

At the time of ovulation

65
Q

What happens if ovulation does not occur?

A

Stroma and glands continue to grow, it would eventually outgrows blood supply and sloughs intermittently

66
Q

What to do if there are concerns of endometrial thickening

A

possible cancer
- use US to measure the lining

67
Q

endometrial biopsy

A

The only way to identify proliferative vs. secretory endometrium

68
Q

Why is unopposed estrogen not given to women with an intact uterus

A

will thicken the lining and lead to endometrial hyperplasia or malignancy

69
Q

What does progesterone do to the uterine lining

A

thin the endometrial lining

70
Q

What is the common diagnosis of someone coming in with abnormal uterine bleeding

A

anovulatory

71
Q

estrogen cause glands to produces______ mucus

A

thin, clear, watery mucus

72
Q

Role of estrogen on breast

A

necessary for pubertal breast development

Women's health + Pharm (10 decks)

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