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Women's Health Flashcards

1
Q

Wet mount with motile protozoans

A

trichomonas

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2
Q

tx for trichomonas?

A

metronidazole

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3
Q

What is condylomata acuminata?

A

genital warts

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4
Q

What is tx for genital warts? (4)

A

podophyllum, cautery, liqiod N, imiquimod

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5
Q

Painful genital ulcer w/inguinal adenitis?

A

chancroid

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6
Q

What causes chancroid?

A

H. ducreyi (bacterial infection)

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7
Q

How do you dx chancroid?

A

gram stain

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8
Q

What is tx of chancroid?

A

Zithro, ceftriaxone

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9
Q

What is tx of gonorrhea?

A

ceftriazone IM (+ azithro or doxy for chlamydia)

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10
Q

What is the Tzank smear used to dx?

A

herpes

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11
Q

What is tx for chlamydia?

A

azithromycin 1g x1, doxycycline x10 days

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12
Q

What is the second phase of syphilis?

A

rash on palms and soles of feet

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13
Q

What is causative agent of syphilis?

A

Treponema pallidum

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14
Q

What does dysmenorrhea mean?

A

painful menstrual cycle

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15
Q

What is primary dysmenorrhea?

A

cramping pelvic pain in young females

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16
Q

How do you tx primary dysmenorrhea?

A

NASIDS, OC

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17
Q

What is secondary dysmenorrhea?

A

menstrual pain d/t organic cause )endometriosis, PID)

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18
Q

How do you dx endometriosis?

A

laparoscopy

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19
Q

How do you treat endometriosis?

A

OC, progestins, GnRh agonists (lupron), surgical excision, coagulation of tissue)

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20
Q

What strands of HPV are associated with gyn cancers?

A

16, 18, 31, 33

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21
Q

What are risk factors for cervical cancer?

A

early first coitus, multiple partners, smoking

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22
Q

What type of cancer is cervical ca usually?

A

squamous cell

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23
Q

What type of cancer is endometrial cancer usually?

A

adenocacinoma

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24
Q

What are risk factors for endometrial ca?

A

obesity, nullparity, fam hx

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25
Q

What type of cancer is ovarian most often?

A

adenocarcinoma

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26
Q

risk factors of ovarian cancer?

A

nulliparitym fam hx

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27
Q

What lab test is assocaited with ovarian cancer?

A

CA-125

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28
Q

When is the follicular/proliferative phase of the menstrual cycle?

A

days 1-14

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29
Q

What happens during follicular/proliferative phase?

A

increased estrogen to proliferate endometrium and peaks at ovulation

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30
Q

What hormones increase at ovulation?

A

FSH and LH

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31
Q

When is the luteal/secretory phase?

A

days 14-28

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32
Q

What hormone is predominate in luteal/secretory phase?

A

progestin increased for possible implantation

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33
Q

What secretes progestin?

A

corpus luteum

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34
Q

What age is primary amenorrhea considered?

A

14yo w/o secondary characteristics or 16 w/ secondary characteristics

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35
Q

What is definition of secondary amenorrhea?

A

hx of periods but none for over 6 months

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36
Q

What is work-up for amehorrhea?

A

hCG, prolactin, FSH, LH, TSH, progestin challenge to r.o ovulation

37
Q

What are risk factors for PID?

A

infertility, repeat infections and adheions

38
Q

What is tx for PID?

A

ceftriaxone and doxycycline x14days

39
Q

What are potential txs for PCOS?

A

wt loss, OCP, spiranolactone, metformin

40
Q

What is definition of menopause?

A

12 months w/o period, FSH over 40

41
Q

Patient presents with painful breast mass that becomes more painful during menstrual cycle and fluctuates in size. What is most likely dx?

A

fibrocystic disease

42
Q

What is next step in dx in someone who you suspect has fibrocycstic disease of the breast?

A

FNA biopsy

43
Q

Patient presents with round, rubberym abd movable nontender mass. Most likely dx?

A

fibroadenoma

44
Q

How do you dx fibroadenoma?

45
Q

What are risk factors for breast ca?

A

fam hx, BRCA, early menarche, late menopause, nulliparous or late first pg

46
Q

What is a common electrolyte abnormality found with breast ca?

47
Q

What is definition of delivery?

A

cervical os dilation over 10cm, effacement (thinning) 100 percent, station (location of presenting past at ischial spines)

48
Q

What is the first stage of delivery?

A

onset of true contractions to full dilation

49
Q

What is the second stage of delivery?

A

full dilation to delivery

50
Q

What is the third stage of delivery?

A

expulsion of placenta

51
Q

What is the 4th stage of delivery?

A

1st hour after delivery

52
Q

What does dystocia mean?

A

abnormal labor (size of pelvis or adequacy of contactions or size of infant)

53
Q

What is PROM?

A

premature rupture of membranes

54
Q

What is the problem with PROM?

A

increased risk of infection if not delivered w/i 24hrs

55
Q

What defines postpartum hemorrhage?

A

crit decrease over 10 percent

56
Q

What is common presentation of woman with endometritis?

A

fever, uterine tenderness, decreased BS, WBC>20k

57
Q

What are risk factors for endometritis?

A

C-section or PROM over 24hrs

58
Q

What is common cause of endometritis?

59
Q

What is tx of endometritis?

A

clindamycin and gentamicin

60
Q

What are risk factors for ectopic pg?

A

previous ectopic, PID, surgery, IUD

61
Q

What is hyperemesis gravidarum?

A

persistent severe vomiting d/t increased estrogens

62
Q

What is definition of gestational dm?

63
Q

What is tx for gestation DM?

A

diet, exercise, insulin and oral agents

64
Q

What is complication of gestation DM?

A

fetal macrosomia

65
Q

What is preeclampsia?

A

HTN, proteinuria and edema

66
Q

What is complication of preeclampsia?

A

HELLP (hemolysis, increased LFTs, decreased platelets), renal failure, FIC, fetal hypoxia, low borth weight, preterm

67
Q

What is eclampsia?

A

preeclampsia PLUS seizures (hyperreflexia)

68
Q

What is tx of eclampsia?

A

Mg sulfate and delivery

69
Q

What is tx of pre-eclampsia?

A

bedrest, anti-htn meds

70
Q

26-wk PG lady presents with PAINFUL vaginal bleeding

A

abruptio placenta

71
Q

What is abruptio placenta?

A

premature separation of placenta form uterus after 20th week

72
Q

What is tx of abruptio placenta?

73
Q

PG patient presents with PAINLESS vaginal bleeding?

A

placenta previa

74
Q

What is placenta previa?

A

abnormal placental location over cervical os

75
Q

What are risk factors for placenta previa?

A

hx C-section, over 35yo, increased parity

76
Q

What is Rh incompatability?

A

mom Rh-neg, baby Rh-pos

77
Q

What is tx of Rh incompatability?

A

300ug Rhogam at 28 weeks gestation and w/n 72hrs of delivery

78
Q

How does Hcg normally increase in PG?

A

doubles every 48hrs, peaks at 50-75 days then decreases in 2nd and 3rd trimesters

79
Q

When can you start to hear fetal heart sounds?

80
Q

When is the fundus palpable at the pubic symphysis?

81
Q

When is the fundus palpable at the umbilicus?

82
Q

What is chadwick sign?

A

cervical cyanosis

83
Q

What is hagar sign?

A

softening of cervix

84
Q

When do you see chadwick and hagar sign?

85
Q

When do you check alfa-feroprotein?

A

16-20 weeks

86
Q

When do you check glucose tolerance test?

A

28-30 weeks

87
Q

When do you check for GBS?

A

33-37 weeks

88
Q

What is a good fetal heart rate?

A

120-160 bpm

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