Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Module 6 (Labor And Delivery) > Women's Health > Flashcards

Women's Health Flashcards

1
Q

World Health Organization defines health promotion as

A

the process of enabling people to increase control over, and improve, their health

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Nursing Care focuses on women’s health promotion

A

Provide women with information and resources
Increase their control over decisions
Enable them to improve their health

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Social Issues in women’s health

A

Socioeconomic status (men usually make more money, maternity leave, appointments)
Workplace discrimination issues
Social Issues
- Adolescent pregnancy
- Lifespan (longer with less social security than males)
- Elderly abuse
- Discrimination - disability or gender

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Adolescent Health

A

Physical maturity but not mentally mature
Cognitive maturity
- concrete
- abstract thinking, problem-solving, planning for future
Psychosocial
- sexual identity, developing morals, values & self-worth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Major Health Issues in the Adolescent Health

A

Unintentional injuries - violence, suicide & homicide
Unhealthy dietary issues - anorexia, bulimia, & obesity
High-risk behaviors = Tobacco, alcohol, drugs, unhealthy sexual behaviors - STIs, & pregnancy
Self-esteem issues - bullying - electronic
- Menstrual disorders, acne

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What has made bullying easier in adolescents over the years?

A

cyberbullying
- increases suicide rates

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

School Nurse’s Role in Adolescent Health Promotion

A

Viewed as a safe adult
Education (correct peers’ influence and tell them TV is wrong)
- Sexual information
- Health information
- Risk reduction
Advocate for health resource
Encourage wellness check-ups

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Lesbian Health

A

Discrimination - provider’s lack of understanding regarding health care needs
Societal stigma
ACOG Opinion - equitable treatment for LGBTQIA women & their families

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Health issues for lesbians

A

Obesity - Heart disease
Tobacco, alcohol & drug use
Cancer - breast, cervical, endometrial, & ovarian
PCOS - menstrual disorders, infertility, & abnormal insulin production
Intimate partner violence (IPV)
Depression & Anxiety

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Why do lesbian women have a higher chance of breast, cervical, endometrial, & ovarian cancers?

A

estrogen changes every month due to no pregnancy and exposed to more estrogen over her lifetime

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What disease is the #1 killer of women?

A

cardiac disease
- USUALLY DON’T SEEK HELP DO TO ATYPICAL S/S

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are the atypical s/s of cardiac disease?

A

Pain, pressure in the chest, discomfort in the arm, neck, or jaw
Pain in the upper back and/or stomach
Unusual fatigue
Nausea or vomiting
Loss of appetite
Lightheadedness, dizziness, palpitations

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What does the nurse do when assisting with cardiac diseases?

A

identify risk factors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Leading causes of death in women

A

Heart disease - 24.5%
Cancer - 21.7% (breast/lung/colon)
Stroke - 6.5%
Chronic lower respiratory disease - 5.9%
Alzheimer’s disease - 4.6%
Unintentional injuries - FALLS
Diabetes - 2.8%
Influenza & pneumonia - 2.5 %
Kidney disease - 2 %

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Stroke Warning Signs

A

Sudden onset of
- Numbness/weakness of the face, arm, and/or leg
- Trouble seeing out of one or both eyes
- Trouble walking, dizziness, loss of balance or coordination
Severe headache with no known cause

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

If the stroke warning signs start, what should the patient do?

A

call 911

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

In strokes, what is the golden hour?

A

1 hour from the onset of symptoms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What needs to be given within the 1st hour on stroke symptoms?

A

tPA (tissue plasminogen activator)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Health History and Physical on women include

A

Health History
Personal History
Menstrual, sexual & obstetrical history
Family history
Psychosocial history – diet, drugs, alcohol, abuse, mental health (ask the hard questions)
Head to toe exam – look for diabetic sores, bruising, etc.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is the goals of H&P for women

A

identify risk factors & guide preventative care
Early diagnosis allows early treatment
Assessment Prevention is better than a cure
Counsel woman with complex social problems

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Preventative Counseling

A

Healthy weight - reduce health problems
Balanced diet - calcium & vitamin D
Physical activity - 30 min/day, weight-bearing 3-4/week
Avoid smoking & second-hand smoke
Immunizations
Limit alcohol -1 drink / day
Accident & injury (clean and tidy, no hazards)
Safe sex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What foods have Vitamin D?

A

dairy
green leafy
sunlight

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What are annual screenings needed for women?

A

Dental
STI’s
Fecal occult blood
Urinalysis
Thyroid - signs of dysfunction
Genetic testing (recurrent abortion)
Transvaginal ultrasound (OB)
Tuberculosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What is the age and frequency recommended for a bone density test?

A

65 y/o - q 2 yrs.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What is the age and frequency recommended for a cholesterol test?

A

20 or if risk factors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What is the age and frequency recommended for a colonoscopy?

A

50 y/o q 10 years

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

What is the age and frequency recommended for a vision test?

A

40 q 2-4 years
65 q 1-2 years

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

What is the age and frequency recommended for fasting glucose?

A
  • 45 - q 3 yrs.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

What is the age and frequency recommended for a hearing?

A

q 10 yrs. / 50 - q 3 yrs.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

What is the age and frequency recommended for a mammogram?

A

40 y/o q 1-2 years unless HCP recommends otherwise

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

What is the age and frequency recommended for a rubella test?

A

childbearing age before pregnancy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Monthly self-breast exam
report changes of a

A

Lump
Change in skin color or texture
Nipple changes - inverted
Leaking clear or bloody fluid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

When should you start doing monthly self-breast exams?

A

start after puberty
5-7 days after menses
- periods can cause lumps due to elevated hormone levels and disappear afterward

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

Most important for younger women to know their own

A

breasts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

Clinical Breast Exam frequency for 19-39 y/o

A

q 3 years

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

Clinical breast exam frequency for women > 40 y/o

A

annually

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

Mammogram

A

low dose x-ray during mechanical compression of the breast

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

What are the indications of mammograms?

A

Screening - every 1-2 years after age 40
Diagnostic - abnormal finding - require biopsy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

Mammogram education pre-op

A
  • avoid underarm deodorants, lotions, and powders
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

Mammogram education post-op

A
  • anticipated time of results (stay consistent with when the results will be given) , mammogram follow-up, and self-breast exams
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

Monthly vulvar self-exam is for

A

All women 18 y/o or younger if sexually active

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

Vulvar Self-exam consists of

A

Inspect & palpate - signs of precancerous conditions or infections(STIs)
Mons, clitoris, labia minor, labia majora, perineum, and anus
- report abnormalities for follow ups

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

You should do a monthly breast and vulvar exam when

A

5-7 days after periods

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

What are the recommended cervical screenings for 21-29 y/o?

A

every 3 years

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

What are the recommended cervical screenings for 30-65 y/o?

A

every 5 hours

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

What are the recommended cervical screenings for>65 y/o?

A

stop PAP if they do not have a previous pre-cancerous pap in 20 years

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

The pelvic exam consists of?

A

External organs
Speculum exam (get a sample of the cervix)
Bimanual exam (tumors)
Cervical cytology or pap smear
Rectal examination(polyps)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
48
Q

The pelvic and pap smear should be scheduled for

A

5 days after menstrual period

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
49
Q

Nothing should be inserted vaginally prior to the pelvic exam for how long?

A

48 hours

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
50
Q

Pre-op for pelvic exam

A

**Scheduled 5 day after menstrual period **
Nothing inserted vaginally 48 hrs. prior to the exam
Have patient empty their bladder
Education regarding procedure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
51
Q

What can you do for the patient during the pelvic exam?

A

Provide a hand to hold or mirror so the patient can observe
Place in lithotomy position & drape appropriately
Consider semi-fowlers, side-lying (cerebral palsy), with or without stirrups

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
52
Q

What position should they be in for a pelvic exam?

A

Consider semi-fowlers, side-lying (cerebral palsy), with or without stirrups
“What is the most comfortable position for you?”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
53
Q

What is a special consideration for pelvic exams?

A

female genital mutilation (female circumcision – before puberty) – problems, surgeries, education about taking care of it

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
54
Q

Colposcopy

A
  • microscopic exam of vaginal & cervical tissue
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
55
Q

Colposcopy indication

A

abnormal pap, treat condyloma
(large warts)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
56
Q

Cervical Bx is

A

extensive surgical biopsy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
57
Q

Cervical Bx indications

A

abnormal pap - atypical or abnormal cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
58
Q

Cervical Bx procedure

A

Performed early phase of menstrual cycle (week after period)
Excised tissue is sent for pathological exam

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
59
Q

Endometrial Bx

A

endometrial (uterus lining) tissue aspirated from the uterus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
60
Q

Endometrial Bx indications

A

abnormal or postmenopausal bleeding

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
61
Q

Hysterosalpingography is the

A

cervix, uterus, and fallopian tubes are visualized by x-ray after injecting contrast dye

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
62
Q

Hysterosalpingography indications

A

evaluation for fibroids, tumors, fistulas, orinfertility

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
63
Q

Before a procedure to examine or Bx the women’s pelvic area, what needs to be done first?

A

Obtain menstrual history - LMP, and allergies
Administer analgesia prior to the procedure – ibuprofen and tylenol
Education regarding procedure, discomfort, and relaxation
Empty bladder, place in lithotomy position and drape appropriately

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
64
Q

During a procedure to examine or Bx the women’s pelvic area, what needs to be done first?

A

offer patient support and assist provider

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
65
Q

After a procedure to examine or Bx the woman’s pelvic area, what needs to be done first?

A

Provide perineal tissue/pad
Education patient regarding sign and symptoms to report
Injecting allergies, results are ready, infections

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
66
Q

What procedure can not be done on a woman with iodine, shellfish allergy?

A

Hysterosalpingography

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
67
Q

Dilation and Curettage does what

A

dilate cervix & scrape endometrial tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
68
Q

D&C can be used to diagnose

A

malignancy, fertility, dysfunctional uterine bleeding

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
69
Q

D/C is used for therapeutic reasons

A

heavy uterine bleeding - PP, incomplete abortion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
70
Q

Endometrial ablation

A

removal of endometrial tissue (Cauterize the tissue)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
71
Q

Laparoscopy is

A

laparoscope inserted for visualization & surgery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
72
Q

Laparoscopy dx indications

A

fertility, ectopic, adhesions, cysts, endometriosis, or PID

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
73
Q

Laparoscopy therapeutic indications

A

tubal ligation, IUD or adhesion removal, egg retrieval

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
74
Q

Hysterectomy is

A

surgical removal of the uterus
“hysterical”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
75
Q

Total hysterectomy

A

Take the cervix, uterus, and the fundus
Leave fallopian and ovaries with the vaginal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
76
Q

Subtotal/Supracervical hysterectomy

A

Take out everything above the cervix
Cervix has a thought of sexual satisfaction in the past

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
77
Q

Hysterectomy with salpingo-oophorectomy

A

Take out from the ovaries to the cervix

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
78
Q

Radical Hysterectomy

A

Take everything out with part of the vagina and lymph nodes
- usually CA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
79
Q

Indications of a hysterectomy

A

Cancer - cervical, endometrial, or ovarian
Noncancerous - fibroids tumors, endometriosis – no babies, genital prolapse – uterus falls out with issues, pelvic inflammatory disease – STI inflamed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
80
Q

What are the different surgical techniques for a hysterectomy?

A

Abdominal - transverse (Pfannenstiel) /vertical (low-midline)
Vaginal-lithotomy position
Laparoscopic-assisted vaginal hysterectomy (LAVH) – robot (3 holes)
Better healing and recovery
Not if for a large fibroid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
81
Q

Risks r/t Hysterectomy surgical procedure

A

Anesthesia complications
Uterine, bladder, or bowel injuries
Hemorrhage
Infection
DVT – legs in stirrups for a long time

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
82
Q

Pre-Op Hysterectomy Care

A

Admission assessment
No anticoagulants, ASA, NSAID’s for 1 week before
H&P, Informed consent, Labs - CBC, Type & Cross, UA, Pregnancy
- Remove jewelry, glasses, contacts
NPO - 8 hrs. prior to surgery
EKG - perform, verify if older
Start IV
Void, insert a catheter
Pre-op education, answer questions
Emotional support (usually cancer or severe endometriosis, loss of femininity)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
83
Q

Post-Op Hysterectomy nursing Care

A

Assess
V/S, blood loss, LOC, I & O
Lung & bowel sounds
IV therapy
Pain management -meds, positioning
- Antibiotics
- Hormone replacement
Assist with ambulation
DC - IV, catheter 24-48 hours
Progress diet
Education
Emotional support – results pathology

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
84
Q

Fibrocystic breast changes are the

A

thickening of breast tissue with the formation of cysts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
85
Q

What is a benign breast disorder?

A

fibrocystic breast

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
86
Q

fibrocystic breast occurs when

A

before menopause
- around menstruation as a result of elevated hormones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
87
Q

S/S of fibrocystic breast

A

Pain & tenderness are often bilateral
Occurs around the menstrual cycle
When was your LMP or what is your cycle?
- wait and see for your next cycle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
88
Q

fibrocystic breast dx

A

Mammograms
Ultrasound
Fine needleaspiration / or core needle biopsy
Excision of the mass
Open or surgical biopsy – cancerous possible

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
89
Q

fibrocystic breast tx

A

no specific treatment proven beneficial
Supportive bra
NO caffeine - irritation
Danazol - androgenic medication which suppresses estrogen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
90
Q

fibrocystic breast nursing considerations

A

Acknowledge a breast mass evokes feelings of fear and anxiety
Education regarding how and when results will be communicated

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
91
Q

Amenorrhea

A

absent of menses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
92
Q

Primary amenorrhea

A

delayed
**Nosecondary sex characteristics by age 14 – breast buds, no pubic hair)
No menses with secondary sex characteristics by age 16

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
93
Q

Secondary amenorrhea

A

cessation of menstruation
No menses 3-6 months following normal cycles
Underlying cause (pregnancy)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
94
Q

What is the #1 reason for amenorrhea?

A

pregnancy
- 1st thing you do is a pregnancy test

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
95
Q

Amenorrhea Patho

A

Endocrine / pituitary function - lack of hormone production
Heredity / congenital
PCOS
Nutritional/uncontrolled diabetes (ANOREXIC AND NO BODY FAT)
Heavy athletic activity – no body fat
Emotional distress
90% no identifiable cause

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
96
Q

Amenorrhea mgmt

A

identify and treat the underlying condition

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
97
Q

Amenorrhea Nursing considerations

A

Emotional support (high schoolers – low self-esteem)
Menstruation is a unique function of women
Absence can create concerns about femininity & having children
Adolescent is the time when being different than your peers is painful
Education concerning diet, nutrition, and exercise
- correcting

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
98
Q

Menorrhagia -

A

prolonged or heavy menstrual bleeding “much bleeding”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
99
Q

Metrorrhagia -

A

irregular bleeding which often occurs between period or after menopause “metro train on and off”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
100
Q

Menometrorrhagia -

A

prolonged or excessive bleeding that occurs irregular and more frequent “combination”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
101
Q

Abnormal Uterine Bleeding patho

A

Pregnancy complication - spontaneous abortions
Lesions - benign or malignant of the vagina, cervix, or uterus
Drug induced bleeding - hormonal contraceptives
Systemic disorders - diabetes, hypothyroidism, uterine fibroids
Failure to ovulate - PCOS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
102
Q

Abnormal Uterine Bleeding mgmt

A

Pregnancy test – missed abortion
Hormone levels - determine if ovulation is occurring
Lab - CBC, coagulation studies, liver function
Endometrial biopsy
Ultrasound or hysteroscopy - assess the uterine lining
Oral contraceptive - progestin-estrogen combination
Surgical - Dilation & curettage (D&C), Endometrial ablation, Hysterectomy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
103
Q

Abnormal Uterine Bleeding nursing considerations

A

Encourage women to seek immediate medical attention
Encourage women to record bleeding episodes & amount of loss
Importance of nutrition and stress reduction
Education about diagnostic procedures
Emotions support for women who fear cancer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
104
Q

PMS (Premenstrual Syndrome) is the

A

physical and emotional changes related to menstrual cycle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
105
Q

What are the different chnage in PMS?

A

Musculoskeletal – back pain, cramps
Neurological – clumsy, vertigo, irritable
GI/GU - weight gain, cravings
Mental or emotional - drama

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
106
Q

PMS patho

A

unknown
Hormonal changes - estrogen-progesterone imbalance
Chemical changes in the brain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
107
Q

PMS impact on the family

A

Strain on relationships - family conflict, disrupted communication
Loss of control - child battering, self-inflicted injuries, accidents

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
108
Q

PMS nursing considerations

A

Encourage exam and correct diagnosis
Education about lifestyle changes - diet, exercise, relaxation, sleep, herbal remedies
Education about medications - Ibuprofen, antidepressants, diuretics, oral contraceptives
Education and support to the family
Education concerningplanningfor feelings ofloss of control

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
109
Q

PMS diet

A

Low salt
Decrease caffeine
Low animal fat
Not high sugars
no alcohol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
110
Q

Menopause is the

A

permanent cessation of menstrual cycles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
111
Q

Menopause onset

A

Onset - 35-58 y/o - average age 51 y/o

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
112
Q

Perimenopause

A

signs & symptoms - 1 yr. before lasts menses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
113
Q

Menopause occur

A

one year after last menses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
114
Q

Post-menopause

A

after menopause

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
115
Q

Menopause patho

A

Ovaries stop producing eggs
Decline in estrogen and progesterone production

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
116
Q

What is the most common s/s of perimenopause?

A

Hot flashes, mood swings, spaced menses, vaginal dryness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
117
Q

What are the general body systems affected by menopause?

A

Vasomotor
Genitourinary
Psychological
Skeletal
Cardiovascular
Dermatologic
Reproductive

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
118
Q

S/S of Menopause
vasomotor

A

Irregular periods / hot flashes / night sweats

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
119
Q

S/S of Menopause
GU

A

Incontinence/vaginal changes -high pH / dryness / painful sex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
120
Q

S/S of Menopause
PSYCH

A

Mood swings / sleep changes / low REM sleep / fatigue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
121
Q

S/S of Menopause
SKELETAL

A

low Bone density - calcium and vitamin D = osteoporosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
122
Q

S/S of Menopause
CARDIOVASCULAR

A

Irregular heartbeat / palpitations low HDL / high LDL

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
123
Q

S/S of Menopause
SKIN

A

low Skin elasticity/hair loss – thin and bruise easy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
124
Q

S/S of Menopause
REPRODUCTIVE

A

Breast changes (saggy) / low interest in sex (lower libido)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
125
Q

Psychological responses to menopause

A

Excited - no longer worry about childbearing
Grieve - loss of fertility
Come to terms with aging

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
126
Q

Tx for Menopause (Mgmt) without a hysterectomy

A

Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) - estrogen-progesterone
Not had a Hysterectomy both decrease the risk of CA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
127
Q

Tx for Menopause (Mgmt) with a hysterectomy

A

Estrogen replacement therapy (ERT) - estrogen
Risks & benefits must be considered
Weight the risk as it could improve s/s but could potentiate CA
IF THEY HAVE HAD A HYSTERECTOMY

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
128
Q

Menopause education for lifestyle changes

A

diet & exercise - calcium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
129
Q

Menopause education for hot flashes

A

avoid alcohol, caffeine, hot drinks, spicy food, smoking; layer clothing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
130
Q

Menopause education for night sweats

A

cool shower before bed, cotton nightwear, cool room

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
131
Q

Menopause education for sleep disturbances

A

regular bedtime, 8 hrs. sleep, dark, quiet, cool room

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
132
Q

Menopause education for vaginal dryness and sex discomfort

A

vaginal lubricants, or estrogen cream

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
133
Q

Menopause education for alternatives

A

black collage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
134
Q

Cyclic Pelvic pain is aka

A

Mittelschmerz
Dysmenorrhea
Endometriosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
135
Q

Mittelschmerz

A

pelvic pain which occurs midway between menstrual periods at the time of ovulation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
136
Q

Mittelschmerz s/s

A

Sharp pain felt in the lower right or left pelvic area
Last for a few hours up to 2 days
Slight vaginal bleeding after the discomfort

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
137
Q

Primary dysmenorrhea s/s

A
  • painful, cramping 12-24 hours before menses, that last about 12-24 hours
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
138
Q

Primary dysmenorrhea patho

A

excessive endometrial production of prostaglandin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
139
Q

Secondary dysmenorrhea s/s

A

painful menses with known anatomic factors / pelvic pathology - change in the pelvis

140
Q

Secondary dysmenorrhea patho

A

endometriosis, adhesions, cervical stenosis, fibroids

141
Q

Dysmenorrhea mgmt

A

Identify and treat underlying conditions
Prostaglandin inhibitors – Ibuprofen q 6hr
Pain management - analgesia, heat, warm bath
Oral contraceptives
Diet - low fat
Exercise, relaxation, biofeedback, acupuncture, herbal

142
Q

Endometriosis

A

the presence of endometrial tissue outside the uterus in the pelvic cavity

143
Q

Endometriosis patho

A

is unknown
- Retrograde
- Genetic, immune change, hormone influence

144
Q

Retrograde menstruation

A

uterus falls back inside the cavity with the cervix lined up – ends up falling into the pelvic cavity

145
Q

How does the tissue respond to endometriosis?

A

progesterone & estrogen of the menstrual cycle
Thickens & bleeds during the cycle
Inflammation in surrounding tissues
Scarring, adhesion & fibroids on the reproductive & pelvic structures

146
Q

S/S of endometriosis

A

Cyclic pelvic, low back pain, dysmenorrhea
Infertility - main reason women seek treatment
Dyspareunia – painful intercourse
Diarrhea, constipation, pain with defecation
Fixed (scarred down) or retroverted uterus
Enlarged & tender ovaries

147
Q

What medical mgmt can be done for endometriosis?

A

Pain management - NSAID’s (ibuprofen), analgesia
Hormone therapy - birth control, assisted reproduction -
Endometrial biopsy - dx
Surgical treatment – get excess tissue out before IVF

148
Q

Nursing education for endometriosis

A

Education - endometriosis & pain management
Emotional support – especially if infertile
- loss of feminine identity

149
Q

PCOS is

A

Polycystic Ovary Syndrome

150
Q

PCOS Patho and hormone levels

A

endocrine disorder, a genetic component
↑estrogen, testosterone, luteinizing hormone, and ↓FSH
Multiple cysts inside ovaries produce excessive estrogen

151
Q

Risks for PCOS

A

Diabetes, metabolic syndrome
Dyslipidemia, hypertension
Cardiac
Cancer
Infertility
Sleep apnea
Bullying

152
Q

PCOS S/S

A

Menstrual disorders- IRREGULAR CYCLES
Infertility
Pelvic pain- rupture and large growing
Ovarian cysts - surgery
Obesity
Oily skin
Acne
Hirsutism – facial hair
Male pattern baldness – receding hair line
Bullied

153
Q

PCOS medical tx

A

Lifestyle modification - diet/exercise
Hormone therapy - low-dose oral contraceptives
Fertility therapy when they want to be pregnant
Diabetic medications – Metformin

154
Q

What nursing actions would you do for a PCOS pt?

A

Education - risk factors for PCOS & weight reduction
Dermatologist Treatment - hirsutism, acne, oily skin
Emotional support - infertility & psychological effects

155
Q

Ovarian Cysts are

A

Solid or fluid-filled cysts that develop on the ovaries
- Follicularand Luteal

156
Q

Follicular ovarian cysts

A

mature follicle fails to rupture
- fluid-filled

157
Q

Follicular cysts s/s

A

asymptomatic

158
Q

Luteal ovarian cysts

A

corpus luteum becomes cystic and fails to reabsorb

159
Q

Luteal ovarian cysts s/s

A

Acute pain, delays next menstrual cycle, may rupture (think API)

160
Q

Tx for ovarian cysts

A

depends on the type of cyst
Wait and examine after the next menstrual cycle
Oral contraceptives
Surgical removal

161
Q

Vaginal wall prolapse

A

loss of support to the pelvic organs
- uterus
- bladder
- rectum

162
Q

Risk for vaginal wall prolapse

A

Multiparity
Pelvic tearing or trauma during childbirth
Obesity
Vaginal muscle weakness associated with aging/menopause

163
Q

Prevention of vaginal wall prolapse

A

Postpartum - Kegal exercises
Spaced pregnancies
Weight Control

164
Q

Cystocele

A

relaxation of the anterior vaginal wall with prolapse of the bladder

165
Q

Cystocele s/s

A

Urinary retention
Bladder infection
Incontinence
Stress incontinence - leaking urine with increased intraabdominal pressure

166
Q

Cystocele risks

A

UTIs with s/s

167
Q

Rectocele

A

relaxation of the posterior vaginal wall with prolapse of the rectum

168
Q

Rectocele s/s

A

Constipation
Hemorrhoids – laxatives, fiber
Uncontrolled flatus
Sense of pressure or need to defecate
- dry and uncomfortable during sex

169
Q

Uterine Prolapse

A

downward displacement of the uterus into the vagina

170
Q

Uterine Prolapse S/S

A

Fatigue
Low backache
Dysmenorrhea
Pressure, protrusions
Dyspareunia - painful intercourse
Pulling and dragging sensations in pelvis and back
Symptoms may be worse after prolonged standing or deep penile penetration

171
Q

Non-surgical interventions for Pelvic Floor Dysfunction

A

Kegal exercises
Vaginal pessary – donut to hold the uterus
Take it out and clean
Hormone therapy - intravaginal estrogen
tighten

172
Q

Surgery for pelvic floor dysfunction

A

Hysterectomy
Anterior & posterior (A&P) repair

173
Q

Nursing Considerations for Pelvic Floor Dysfunction

A

Pessary insertion, removal, cleaning
Prevention of constipation
- stool softeners, fiber, increased fluids
Pre & post op care

174
Q

Genital Fistulas is

A

abnormal connection between the vagina and the bladder, urethra, or rectum
- peeing and pooping outside of the vagina

175
Q

risks of Genital Fistulas

A

trauma - childbirth, sexual violence

176
Q

Genital Fistulas assessments

A

urine or fecal leakage from the vagina, foul vaginal odor

177
Q

Genital Fistulas medications

A

pelvic exam to determine location & severity
Small fistulas – resolve itself
Larger fistulas - require surgical repair

178
Q

Genital fistulas Nursing considerations

A

Education - care of minor fistula (clean genital area)
Pre-op and post-op care

179
Q

Urinary Incontinence

A

loss of bladder control

180
Q

Stress incontinence due to

A

↑ intra-abdominal pressure
Sudden urge to void followed by uncontrolled voiding

181
Q

Risk factors of urinary incontinence

A

Childbirth
Aging - decrease estrogen, weakening muscles
Diabetes, obesity, smoking, chronic cough

182
Q

urinary incontinence assessment

A

Sudden intense urge to void
Leakage of urine with a cough, sneeze, laugh, lifting

183
Q

urinary incontinence tx

A

Kegel pelvic exercises, bladder training (urgency and frequency plugging up)
Medications - estrogen cream (tighten) / anticholinergic drugs
Medical devices – urethra training
Surgery

184
Q

urinary incontinence nursing considerations

A

risk reduction education
Avoid heavy lifting
Pelvic exercise, bladder training
Diet
Skin integrity

185
Q

Leiomyomas, Fibroids, Myomas, Fibromyomas, and Fibromas are

A

benign tumors arising from the muscle tissue of the uterus

186
Q

Leiomyomas, Fibroids, Myomas, Fibromyomas, and Fibromas are more commonly seen in

A

nulligravida
AA

187
Q

Leiomyomas, Fibroids, Myomas, Fibromyomas, and Fibromas most common sign is

A

ABNORMAL UTERINE BLEEDING

188
Q

Leiomyomas, Fibroids, Myomas, Fibromyomas, and Fibromas disappear after

A

menopause

189
Q

Leiomyomas, Fibroids, Myomas, Fibromyomas, and Fibromas Tx

A

Cryosurgery
Myomectomy or Hysterectomy (possibly when done with babies
GnRH hormone regimens to shrink the tumor
Uterine artery embolization of the blood vessel supplying the fibroid tumor

190
Q

If a patient had Leiomyomas, Fibroids, Myomas, Fibromyomas, and Fibromas treatments, what do you need to know about before they develop their birth plan?

A

KNOW where the scar is before allowing for a vaginal birth

191
Q

Leiomyomas

A

benign smooth muscle tumor, usually in the uterus or gastrointestinal tract. Also called fibroid

192
Q

Fibroids

A

muscular tumors that grow in the wall of the uterus (womb)

193
Q

Myomas

A

smooth, non-cancerous tumors that may develop in or around the uterus. Made partly of muscle tissue, myomas seldom develop in the cervix, but when they do, there are usually myomas in the larger, upper part of the uterus as well.

194
Q

Fibromyomas

A

mixed tumor containing both fibrous and muscle tissue

195
Q

Fibromas

A

noncancerous (benign) tumor or growth consisting of fibrous, connective tissue

196
Q

Fibroids nursing interventions

A

GnRH - if discontinued expect regrowth of tumors, amenorrhea may occur
Pre-op education - no alcohol, aspirin or anticoagulants 24 hrs. prior to surgery
Except cramping during the procedure as polyvinyl alcohol pellets are injected

197
Q

Fibroids pts that have D/C GnRH

A

expect regrowth of tumors, amenorrhea may occur

198
Q

Pre-Op for Fibroids and Hysterectomy due to pellets injected

A

no alcohol, aspirin, or anticoagulants 24 hrs. before surgery

199
Q

Post-op and discharge care for Cryosurgery, Myomectomy, Hysterectomy, Uterine artery embolization

A

Medication as directed
Report - bleeding, pain, swelling at the puncture site, fever, urinary retention, abnormal vaginal discharge
No tampons intercourse or douching for 4 weeks when HCP ok

200
Q

Cervical Cancer S/S early

A

vaginal discharge, abnormal vaginal bleeding – spotting

201
Q

Cervical Cancer RISK FACTORS

A

History of an STI - human papillomavirus (HPV)
Early onset sexual activity
Multiple sex partners
Inadequate cervical screening

202
Q

Cervical Cancer S/S late

A

weight loss, fatigue, pelvic pain, vaginal leakage of feces/urine
Possibly malignant fistulas
Adolescents, Sexual abuse victims, Drug addicts, LGBTQ, No access to medical care

203
Q

Cervical CA is diagnosed by

A

pap smear
- detects dysplasia - precursor to cervical CA

204
Q

What are the 3 stages of cervical CA?

A

Early dysplasia
Early Carcinoma
Late carcinoma

205
Q

possible Tx for cervical CA dysplasia

A

Cryosurgery, Loop Electrocautery excision procedure (LEEP), Laser, Conization, Hysterectomy

206
Q

possible Tx for cervical CA early carcinoma

A

Hysterectomy, Intracavity radiation

207
Q

possible Tx for cervical CA late carcinoma

A

External beam radiation with radical hysterectomy, Antineoplastic chemotherapy, Pelvic exenteration

208
Q

Endometrial CA S/S

A

Postmenopausal or abnormal premenopausal bleeding
Abnormal vaginal discharge
Difficult or painful urination
Pelvic pain or pain with intercourse

209
Q

Endometrial CA RISK FACTORS

A

Hormone replacement therapy (HRT)
Menopause after age 52 – more exposure to estrogen
Nulliparity – more exposure to estorgen
Diabetes, obesity, PCOS

210
Q

Endometrial CA DX

A

Endometrial Bx

211
Q

Endometrial CA mgmt

A

Radical hysterectomy
Chemotherapy
Radiation
Hormone therapy

212
Q

Ovarian CA S/S Early

A

Asymptomatic or vague symptoms make if difficult to diagnose early
- whispering disease

213
Q

Ovarian CA S/S late

A

Pelvic or abdominal discomfort
Low back and leg pain
Weight changes - lose
Increases abdominal girth
Nausea and vomiting
Constipation
Urinary symptoms - urgency & frequency
Difficulty eating or feeling full quickly

214
Q

Ovarian CA risk factors

A

Menses started earlier than 12 y/o
Nulliparity or 1st child after age 30**
Late menopause
Infertility, infertility drugs
Family history - ovarian, breast or colorectal cancer
Personal history of breast cancer

215
Q

Ovarian CA dx

A

Laparotomy is primary tool for diagnosis and staging the disease

216
Q

Ovarian CA mgmt

A

Total abdominal hysterectomy (salpingo-oophorectomy)
Biopsy lymph nodes, pelvic and abdominal tissues
Chemotherapy

217
Q

Malignant Reproductive Disease education for the patient

A

emotional support - patient/family
- chaplain and grief
Health promotion - nutrition, rest & sleep after surgery
Treatment options, procedures, side effects management
Management of chemo & radiation side effects
Community support groups – referrals

218
Q

Malignant Reproductive Disease for the care of women undergoing tx

A

surgery pre and post-op
chemo and radiation

219
Q

Reproductive Tract Infectious Disorders have an increased risk of

A

chronic pain, cancer, systemic infection, and infertility

220
Q

Reproductive Tract Infectious Disorders types

A

Urinary tract infections (UTI’s)
Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID)
Vaginitis - candida & bacterial
Sexually transmitted infections (STI’s)

221
Q

UTI S/S

A

Fever
earliest = Dysuria, frequency, urgency
Cloudy, foul-smelling urine
Backache, suprapubic tenderness

222
Q

UTI Patho

A

Urethra length & location
Escherichia coli’s most common cause
Untreated UTI increased risk for pyelonephritis

223
Q

UTI risk factors

A

Young girl, pregnant or a menopausal woman
Sexual activity
Allergic reaction to soaps, bubble bath, vaginal products

224
Q

UTI dx

A

urinalysis, culture & sensitivity

225
Q

UTI mgmt

A

antibiotic therapy

226
Q

UTI nursing education

A

Education - completing antibiotics
UTI prevention, signs and symptoms to report
- Do not hold pee
- Front to back
- No bubble baths
- Urinate before and after sex

227
Q

UTIs in older women are more susceptible due to

A

Suppressed immune system
Weaker bladder - risk for incomplete emptying of the bladder
Decrease estrogen alters vaginal flora
E. coli grows in the urinary tract

228
Q

UTI’s older women S/S

A

Agitation
Confusion, delirium, or hallucinations
Poor motor skills or dizziness, falling
Fever - immediate treatment is indicated
- sick fast and deteriorate, do not empty well

229
Q

If the older woman has a UTI, what indicates UTI and needs immediate tx?

A

fever

230
Q

UTIs stresses out the older body causing what behavior changes

A

abrupts

231
Q

PID

A

acute inflammation of upper female genital tract

232
Q

PID Patho

A

Bacteria - Chlamydia trachomatis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae
Caused by a variety of aerobic and anaerobic organisms
Ascend - vagina, cervix, uterus, fallopian tubes, ovaries, peritoneum

233
Q

PID consequences

A

Ectopic pregnancy - scarring
Chronic pelvic pain
Infertility – If long

234
Q

PID S/S

A

Asymptomatic or Vague symptoms
Severe abdominal, uterine, ovarian pain or tenderness
Dyspareunia - painful intercourse
Purulent vaginal discharge, foul odor
Nausea, anorexia
Irregular vaginal bleeding
Fever 100.4°F

235
Q

PID mgmt

A

Test & treat for STI’s - oral antibiotic
- Patient & sexual partner(s) - STI
Analgesia
Hospitalization / IV antibiotic

236
Q

PID nursing considerations

A

Medication education - antibiotic compliance
Signs, symptoms & consequences of PID
Risk reduction

237
Q

Toxic Shock Syndrome caused by

A

toxin-producing strain of Staphylococcus aureus

238
Q

Toxic Shock Syndrome risks by

A

Tampon, diaphragm or cervical cap or sponges use
Leaving in for a long period of time

239
Q

Toxic Shock Syndrome S/S

A

Flu like - headache, sore throat, vomiting, diarrhea
Hypotension (extremely low)
Generalized rash
Skin peeling form palms and soles of feet
- similar to a septic pt -

240
Q

Toxic Shock Syndrome Tx

A

Stabilize hypotension - fluid replacement, vasopressors
Antimicrobial therapy

241
Q

Toxic Shock Syndrome nursing considerations

A

Safe tampon, diaphragm, and cervical cap usage
Changing tampon every 4 hours
Avoid superabsorbent tampons - allow bacteria to proliferate
Use pad at night
Avoid the use of the diaphragm & cervical cap during menses
Removed diaphragm & cervical cap within 24 hrs.
Ephedrine and epinephrine

242
Q

Vaginitis

A

Vaginal inflammation - discharge, burning, itching & irritation

243
Q

Vaginitis patho

A

Pathophysiology - Vaginal flora is disrupted by an overgrowth of yeast or bacteria
Candida - yeast
Vaginitis bacterial
Trichomoniasis - protozoa

244
Q

Vaginitis factors affecting vaginal flora

A

Hormonal changes
Depressed cell-mediated immunity
Antibiotic use – yeast infection after

245
Q

Candidiasis Vaginitis

A

A vaginal ecosystem is disturbed by a gram-positive fungus
- candida albicans (yeast)

246
Q

Candidiasis Vaginitis patho

A

Hormonal changes - ↑ estrogen during pregnancy
Increase candida vaginitis – before & after menses
Antibiotic

247
Q

Candidiasis Vaginitis risk factors

A

Antibiotic therapy
Suppressed immune system
Diabetes
Pregnancy
Menopause

248
Q

Candidiasis Vaginitis S/S

A

Itching & irritation of the vulvar
White, cheesy vaginal discharge “cottage cheese”
Burning on urination

249
Q

Candidiasis Vaginitis Dx

A

wet mount & whiff test (negative)

250
Q

Candidiasis Vaginitis medications

A

OTC, prescriptions

251
Q

Candidiasis Vaginitis nursing considerations

A

Medications
Cotton underwear to decrease risk
Call provider - recurrent symptoms
Bloody discharge, abdominal pain, fever

252
Q

What is diagnosed by the whiff test?

A

Candidiasis Vaginitis (negative)
Bacterial Vaginosis (positive) - FISHY AND BLUE
Trichomonas (positive)

253
Q

Bacterial Vaginosis patho

A

disruption of the normal vaginal flora
Overgrowth of Gardnerella vaginalis
Decrease in lactobacilli acidophilus

254
Q

Bacterial Vaginosis risk factors

A

Multiple sexual partners
New sexual partner
Lesbians - sharing sex toys without cleaning
Douching
Antibiotic therapy

255
Q

Bacterial Vaginosis S/S

A

50 % asymptomatic
Thin white, gray, milky discharge
Malodorous (fishy) vaginal discharge

256
Q

Bacterial Vaginosis RISKS IF PREGNANT

A

Chorioamnionitis
PROM
Premature labor & delivery

257
Q

Bacterial Vaginosis MGMT

A

Speculum exam to assess vagina and cervix
Diagnosis - wet mount & whiff test - FISHY (positive)
Medication - metronidazole, clindamycin

258
Q

Bacterial Vaginosis dx

A

wet mount & whiff test - FISHY (positive)

259
Q

Bacterial Vaginosis meds

A

metronidazole, clindamycin

260
Q

Bacterial Vaginosis nursing mgmt

A

Medication - metronidazole - with meals, avoid alcohol 24-48 hours before and after
Risk factors
Avoid tight-fitting clothes
Cotton underwear

261
Q

metronidazole - with and avoid

A

meals, avoid alcohol 24-48 hours before and after

262
Q

STIs can be transmitted by

A

vaginally, anally or orally

263
Q

What are the most reported STIs in the US and most prevalent in adolescents?

A

Chlamydia & Gonorrhea

264
Q

Women with STIs often have

A

asymptomatic

265
Q

What risks do women have if they have untreated STIs?

A

Cervical cancer
Chronic pelvic pain & pelvic inflammatory disease
Blocked fallopian tubes - infertility, ectopic pregnancy
Premature birth

266
Q

Chlamydia caused by

A

Chlamydia Trachomatis (Bacterial)

267
Q

Chlamydia S/S for females

A

“Silent” disease - asymptomatic 70-75 %
Fever
Lower abdominal pain
Uterine or adnexal tenderness
Dysuria
Dyspareunia - painful intercourse
Mucopurulent vaginal/cervical discharge

268
Q

Chlamydia S/S for males

A

leading cause of nongonococcal Urethritis

269
Q

Chlamydia dx

A

genital culture or enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)

270
Q

Chlamydia tx

A

Azithromycin 1 gm orally
Doxycycline / Erythromycin
Retest in 3 weeks
Partner: treat to decrease reinfection

271
Q

Chlamydia risks for mother

A

PID, infertility, ectopic pregnancies, premature birth

272
Q

Chlamydia risks for newborn

A

ophthalmia neonatorum - Erythromycin eye prophylaxis

273
Q

Gonorrhea caused by

A

Neisseria gonorrhoeae (bacterial)

274
Q

Gonorrhea female s/s

A

Asymptomatic - majority
Spotting
Low backache
Dyspareunia - painful intercourse
Anal itching

275
Q

Gonorrhea male s/s

A

Dysuria, urinary frequency
Purulent yellow-green ureteral discharge

276
Q

Gonorrhea dx

A

genital or cervical culture

277
Q

Gonorrhea tx

A

Ceftriaxone 250 mgs IM
Azithromycin 1 gm orally
Retest in 3 months
Partner: treat to decrease reinfection

278
Q

Gonorrhea mother risks

A

PID, infertility, ectopic pregnancies

279
Q

Gonorrhea newborn risks

A

ophthalmia neonatorum, sepsis
- erythromycin eye prophylaxis

280
Q

Trichomonas caused by

A

Trichomonas vaginalis (Protozoan)

281
Q

Trichomonas s/s females

A

Profuse frothy green-yellow or brownish-gray discharge
Foul-smelling vaginal odor
Dyspareunia - painful intercourse
Erythema, edema, pruritus of external genital
Small red ulceration of the vagina or cervix “Strawberry Spots”

282
Q

Trichomonas male s/s

A

asymptomatic

283
Q

Trichomonas dx

A

wet mount & whiff test (positive)

284
Q

Trichomonas tx

A

Metronidazole 2 gm orally single dose
No Alcohol for 24 hours
Flushing, nausea, vomiting, headache, abdominal cramping
Partner: treat to prevent reinfections

285
Q

Trichomonas risks for mother

A

PID, Infertility, Premature rupture of membranes, labor & delivery

286
Q

Trichomonas risks for newborn

A

low birth weight

287
Q

Genital Herpes caused by

A

Herpes simplex virus Type I or 2

288
Q

Genital Herpes primary infection s/s

A

Systemic symptoms - “Flu-like” - malaise, muscle aches, headache
Painful genital lesion - itching, burning
Most severe outbreak & last 2 - 4 weeks

289
Q

Genital Herpes recurrent s/s

A

Outbreak lasting 5 -10 days

290
Q

Genital Herpes dx

A

history & exam

291
Q

Genital Herpes tx

A

No Cure
Antiviral - Acyclovir, Valacyclovir, Famciclovir
Comfort measures - Viscous lidocaine to lesions
Partner: condom to prevent spread

292
Q

Genital Herpes risk for mother

A

C-section to prevent neonatal herpes

293
Q

Genital Herpes for newborns

A

Primary exposure - 50-60% neonatal mortality
Sepsis or Neurological complication

294
Q

HPV caused by

A

Human papillomavirus (HPV)

295
Q

HPV s/s

A

Painless genital warts - Vagina, vulva, perineum, anus
Abnormal cervical changes

296
Q

HPV dx

A

history, exam, and pap smear

297
Q

HPV tx

A

Podophyllin - topical application by patient
Provider - Trichloroacetic acid application, or surgical removal using laser or cryotherapy

298
Q

HPV partner tx

A

Abstain from sex until lesions are healed
Condom to prevent spread

299
Q

HPV prevention

A

Gardasil immunization

300
Q

HPV risks for parents

A

Cervical or penile cancer

301
Q

HPV risk for newborns

A

Respiratory papillomatosis

302
Q

HIV / AIDS caused by

A

Human immunodeficiency virus

303
Q

HIV / AIDS s/s common

A

Asymptomatic

304
Q

HIV / AIDS early s/s

A

fever, fatigue, sore throat, rhinitis, rash, lymphadenopathy

305
Q

HIV / AIDS late s/s

A

fever, night sweats, weight loss, dry cough leukopenia, thrombocytopenia

306
Q

HIV / AIDS late s/s for women

A

candidiasis, BV, PID, menstrual changes

307
Q

HIV / AIDS risk

A

placental transmission

308
Q

HIV / AIDS dx

A

antibody, antigen/antibody & nucleic acid test

309
Q

HIV / AIDS tx

A

no cure
HAART (Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy)
Maintain health of HIV-positive women
Reduce perinatal transmission

310
Q

HIV / AIDS partner

A

test, condom

311
Q

HIV / AIDS pregnancy

A

placental transmission, deliver prior to ROM

312
Q

HIV / AIDS newborn

A

avoid breastfeeding, antiretroviral prophylaxis

313
Q

Syphilis caused by

A

Treponema pallidum (Bacterial)

314
Q

Syphilis primary s/s

A

(up to 90 days post exposure)
Single painless chancre, fever, weight loss, malaise

315
Q

Syphilis secondary s/s

A

(6 weeks to 6 months post exposure)
Fever, fatigue, sore throat, muscle aches, weight loss
Rash to hands & feet

316
Q

Syphilis tertiary s/s

A

(10-30 years post exposure)
Cardiac, and neurological destruction
CNS & multi-organ damage

317
Q

Syphilis dx

A

RPR or VDRL

318
Q

Syphilis tx

A

Penicillin G regimen

319
Q

Syphilis risks for mother

A

PID
PID infertility, ectopic pregnancies

320
Q

Syphilis risk for newborn

A

Congenital syphilis
Premature birth
Neurological complications
Stillbirths

321
Q

IPV often escalates and leads to

A

homicide
70% more likely to be killed when the partner moves to strangulation

322
Q

In 1990, the Joint Comission mandated

A

mandated identification risks & treatment protocols

323
Q

IPV

A

Pattern of coercive behaviors used to gain control over another individual in an adult intimate relationship - current or former partner or a casual dating partner
- Escalates in frequency and severity during pregnancy and PP

324
Q

IPV in pregnancy correlates with WHAT maternal, fetal, and infant health issues?

A

Uterine rupture
Placenta abruption
Preterm births, low birth weight infants
Maternal & neonatal deaths

325
Q

IPV is an indication of what life

A

holds for the unborn child

326
Q

Factors for IPV

A

Hx, family roles passed down
“men = power, women = less worthy”
women are victimized by marriage, cultural, religious beliefs, and legal remedies
Cycle of Violence theory
- the children become the parent and protector or imitate their parents in the future

327
Q

Characteristics of the abuser

A

Witness abuse of mother as a child
Controlling, possessive, jealous, poor impulse control
Denies responsibility for violence & blames the women

328
Q

Cycle of Violence Theory - Walker (1984)

A

Tension-building phase
Acute battering incident
Tranquil phase (honeymoon period phase)

329
Q

Psych/Emotional IPV S/S

A

Humiliation, intimidation, threats
Isolation, control
Uses others - children
Blame, minimize
Male privilege, economic abuse

330
Q

Physical IPV S/S

A

Pushing, shoving, slapping
Kicking, punching, beating
Shaking, burning
Choking
Use/threat of weapon - gun, knife

331
Q

Sexual IPV S/S

A

Forced to engage in sexual activity against her will
Forced use of objects
Forced to have sex with someone else
Forced to trade sex for food, money, or drugs (Sex Trafficking)

332
Q

Sexual Assault

A

Sexual contact, touch or penetration** without consent**
“Forced” sexual intercourse - vaginal, anal, or oral
Different types of rape - power, sadistic, stranger, acquaintance, gang
Drug facilitated

333
Q

Characteristics of Sexual Assaulters

A

All ethnic, racial, religious, socioeconomic, & educational
Attitudes toward women, male entitlement
Impulsive, antisocial, emotionally unsupportive family

334
Q

SA Recovery Trauma-informed care

A

Secondary victimization - “2nd rape” - by law enforcement, physician and staff
“you were asking for it”
Rape trauma syndrome - PTSD - varying degrees of intensity, difficult to treat

335
Q

SA Trauma Informed Care

A

Specially trained officers, physicians, sexual assault nurse or forensic examiner (SANE/SAFE)
Forensic medical exam – primary purpose - restore dignity & then collect evidence
Obtain a history, perform a head-to-toe and genital exam looking for trauma
Offer STI, HIV & pregnancy prophylaxis medications
Make referrals for advocacy, counseling, shelters, legal assistance
Document findings for legal court testimony

336
Q

Human Trafficking:

A

the recruitment, harboring, transportation, provision, or obtaining a person for labor or services, through the use of force, fraud, or coercion for the purpose of subjection to involuntary servitude, peonage, debt bondage or slavery.

337
Q

Sex Trafficking:

A

the commercial sex act induced byforce, fraud, orcoercionor in which the person induced to performsuch act has not attained 18 years of age.​

338
Q

If you are under 18, the nurse does

A

not have to show proof

339
Q

Facts about Sex Trafficking

A

no mvmt required
often family
vulnerable males and females (12-14 avg age)
*don’t see themselves as the victims**

340
Q

Sex Trafficking risks of victims

A

Age
Poverty
Sexual or physician abuse
Drug abuse - individual, family
Learning disabilities
Sexual identity issues - LBGQT
Runaway, throwaway
Loss of parent, caregiver, or support systems

341
Q

Healthcare providers are vital in___________ victims of violence

A

rescuing

342
Q

Challenges to assessments for victims of violence

A

Victim is physically/psychologically controlled, often loyal to perpetrator
Experienced many traumas, drugged, intoxicated or in pain

343
Q

REASONS they might come in if victims of violence

A

– nonspecific and vague
Serious untreated injuries - delayed care
Injury not consistent with story, various stages of healing
Injuries to head, neck, face, abdomen & breast if pregnant - always look under the clothes
Overly protective partner or anxiety when the partner is present

344
Q

If you are 18+ years old, the victim has to say they are
so as nurses we need to

A

be trustworthy and a safe place

345
Q

Universal screening of all pts for IPV INCLUDES

A

Alone - universal screening questions
Believe - reassure it is not their fault
Confidentiality - know the reporting requirements for your state
Document - facilitates communication between providers
Education - advocacy, counseling, legal assistance, shelters
Safety - assess support system - help create a SAFETY PLAN

346
Q

What is a safety plan?

A
  • important documents
  • Change of clothes
  • cash
347
Q

Vicarious Trauma

A

seeing something and internalizing
Gradual internal transformation
Negatively affect commitment to one’s work
Reduce sense of accomplishment
Leads to questioning of personal belief system
Emotions go down
You can not take the trauma home
Say you need a break or move away from that area

Module 6 (Labor And Delivery) (7 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions