Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Module 6 (Labor And Delivery) > Antepartum > Flashcards

Antepartum Flashcards

1
Q

What are the goals of antepartum nursing?

A
  • assess and id potential factors
  • edu promotion health and prevent disease
  • informed choices for families
  • healthier pregnancy
  • best outcome of mother and baby
  • family-centered (pregnancy and childbirth is normal
  • developmental life transition vs medical event
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Barriers of Antepartum

A

Health disparities (consequences)
no access to healthcare, transportation, or income
teen pregnancy (contraception, STIs, herpes)
- HTN, preeclampsia
- dropping out of school
LQBTQ (no support and fear of discrimination)
Drug abuse (risk factors - smoking)
Obesity (larger, higher Csections, mom HTN)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

If a pregnant mother has substance abuse, what could happen to the baby?

A

low birth weight
premature
SIDs
miscarriage
respiratory illness
IUGR
developmental delay
fetal alcohol syndrome
withdrawal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

IUGR means

A

Intrauterine growth restrictions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

If a pregnant mother has obesity, what could happen to the baby?

A

larger than gestational age
higher incidence of C-sections

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Preconception/Conception Visit consists of

A

pregnancy and family hx
physical exam
- Chronic illnesses and medications (Rx, OTC, illicit)
social and harmful habits (intimate partner violence)
Contraception (when fertility will return)
Fertility Awareness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

IPV means

A

Intimate Partner Violence

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

How long does the antepartum last?

A

1st day of last menstrual period (LMP)
TO

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are the lengths of an average pregnancy?

A

280 days
40 weeks
10 lunar months
9 calendar months

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

How long are pregnancy trimesters?

A

13 weeks
1st (LMP through 13 weeks
2nd (14-26)
3rd (27-40)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Gestational age is

A

the number of completed weeks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Term baby is in gestation for how many weeks?

A

38-42 weeks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Pre-term baby is in gestation for how many weeks?

A

before 37 weeks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

post-term baby is in gestation for how many weeks?

A

after 42 weeks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

The fundus is the

A

the top portion of the uterus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Fundal Height is how many cm based on

A

fetal growth in weeks till lightening drop near labor
Ex) Fundal is 28 cm if 28 weeks gestation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What are the 6 key hormones in pregnancy?

A

Human Chorionic Gonadotropin
Progesterone
Oestrogen
Prolactin
Relaxin
Oxytocin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Lightening is

A

when the fundal height drops when the baby is ready for birth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Human Chorionic Gonadotropin (hCG)

A

detected by pregnancy tests from the placenta after implantation
- essential in early pregnancy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Progesterone

A

maintain uterine lining
relax smooth muscles
help uterus as baby grows

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

(O)Estrogen

A

stimulates uterine growth
increases blood supply and helps fetal organs develop

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Prolactin

A

prepare for lactation
- enlargement of mammary glands preps for milk production

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Relaxin

A

inhibits uterine activity preventing premature birth
-softens and lengthens cervix and relaxes joints

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What are the 2 biggest hormones that help the body to change for pregnancy?

A

estrogen
Progesterone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Oxytocin

A

causes uterine muscle contraction
-triggers prostaglandins to increase contractions further
-induction
- stimulates milk ejection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Maternal changes at 8 weeks cause what hormones to increase

A

Increase of estrogen and glycogen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Maternal Changes at 8 weeks
- Increase of estrogen leads to

A

blood congestion and increased vascularity(prominent veins in cervix, vagina, and vulva)
hypertrophy of uterine muscle stretching in prep for delivery
- round ligament pain
- N/V for 12 weeks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Why does a pregnant woman have N/V?

A

increase of estrogen and hCG?

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

How long does the Nausea and vomiting in the 1st trimester last?

A

up to 12 weeks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

What signs show blood congestion and increased vascularity in the 1st trimester?

A

Hegar’s
Goodwell
Chadwick

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Hegar’s sign

A

softening of isthmus cervix (top)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Goodwell sign

A

softening of cervix

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Chadwick sign

A

bluish-purple color of the vagina
- prominent veins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

During the 1st trimester, the vagina is expelling extra white discharge, what should the nurse do?

A

continue to monitor as this is normal and called leukorrhea
- this is the forming of the mucus plug
Report if different smell and change of color

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

What does the increase of glycogen cause at 8 weeks?

A

vaginal yeast = infections
**acid pH of the vagina helps to lower bacteria
- leukorrhea increases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

In the 1st 8 weeks, the fetus weighs

A

1-2 g (no noticeable gain)
- ears and tiny muscles
- heart pumps blood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

What are the nursing interventions for a pregnant mother at 8 weeks?

A

Nausea Prevention
AVOID hot tubs, sauna, and steam rooms
Prepare for pregnancy
Periodontal Care

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

What nursing interventions would you use for nausea prevention in the pregnant mother at 8 weeks?

A

eating crackers before getting up in the morning
- small frequent meals
- avoid fatty meals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

Hyperemesis Gravidarum is

A

intractable vomiting during pregnancy, leading to weight loss and volume depletion, resulting in ketonuria and/or ketonemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

At 8 weeks,
What are the nursing interventions for hyperemesis gravidarum?

A

IV hydration
need for dehydration and electrolyte imbalance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

At 8 weeks,
What should the nurse discuss avoiding during pregnancy?

A

Avoid hot tubs, sauna, and steam rooms (any heat)
- increases the risk for neural tube defects in 1st trimester
- hypotension and fainting

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

Why should a pregnant mom avoid hot tubs, saunas, steam rooms?

A

increases the risk of neural tube defects
hypotension
fainting

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

At 8 weeks,
How should the nurse educate the mother to prepare for pregnancy?

A

include the partner and family
discuss attitude towards pregnancy (excited or sad)
Provide info on childbirth classes and doula

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

At 8 weeks, the pregnant mother should get a referral for what?
What could happen?

A

periodontal care due to N/V
- bleeding gums
- increase saliva
- increase cavities and plaque
- Pica

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

Maternal Changes at 12 weeks

A

uterus rises above pelvic brim
placenta is fully functioning and hormones
Increase thyroid and progesterone
gains 2-4 lbs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

At what point are you able to check the gender?

A

12-16 weeks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

The uterus is where at 12 weeks?

A

above pelvic brim

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
48
Q

At 12 weeks gestation, the placenta is

A

fully functioning and producing hormones
uterus blood flow increase due to O2, nutrients, and waste exchange with mom

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
49
Q

At 12 weeks gestation, what happens to the thyroid?

A

increases in size
- increase hormone production
- fetal growth and development

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
50
Q

At 12 weeks gestation, progesterone

A

increases
- bladder tone decreases and bigger capacity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
51
Q

At 12 weeks, it is easier for a mother to get a UTI due to

A

increase in capacity (+ baby’s kidneys start to produce urne and possible urinary stasis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
52
Q

In the 1st trimester the baby will only weight

A

14 g
- heart is visible

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
53
Q

Nursing Interventions for 12 weeks gestation

A

Prevent UTIs **(3L/day of fluid, front to back wipe, and void every 2 hours while awake and before and after intercourse)
Exercise

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
54
Q

At 12 week gestation, the mother should have a conversation about

A

effects of pregnancy on sexual relationships
- sex is relaxing
- alternate position (later on no pressure)
Other forms of intimacy
increase of sexual desire - soft and pliable)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
55
Q

Maternal Changes at 16 weeks

A

Fundus between symphysis and umbilicus
Braxton Hicks
Quickening
Weight gain
Increase in cholesterol and hormones
Placeta is defined

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
56
Q

Where is the fundus at 16 weeks gestation?

A

between symphysis and umbilicus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
57
Q

Quickening means

A

1st perception of fetal mvmt

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
58
Q

The pregnant woman should gain how much weight per week from 16 weeks to delivery?

A

1 lb per week

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
59
Q

The placenta is considered what at 16 weeks gestation

A

clearly defined
-starts producing estrogen, progesterone, and prolactin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
60
Q

An increase of estrogen causes

A

blood supply to increase 2x

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
61
Q

An increase of estrogen causes

A

prepares breasts for lactation
- colostrum may be expressed
-causes the breast to be sore, large, growing, and darker and larger areolas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
62
Q

An increase of progesterone causes

A

“hormone of pregnancy”
- maintain lining of uterus and relax smooth muscles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
63
Q

What does the baby look like at 16 weeks?

A

leg and arm ratio
- bronchioles start to appear
- bones and joints

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
64
Q

Nursing Interventions for 16 weeks of gestation

A

Edu. true vs. false labor
Maternal serum alpha-fetoprotein test (15-22 weeks)
Purpose of additional testings (genetic, CVS/amniocentesis, and ultrasounds)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
65
Q

The alpha-fetoprotein test shows what
high level =
low level =

A

high level = neural tube defects
low level = down syndrome
followed up with 2nd-trimester in-depth ultrasound

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
66
Q

At the 20-week gestation, what are the maternal changes?

A

Breasts secrete colostrum/areola darken
Amniotic sac 400mL of urine
Enlarged uterus
increase blood vol and progesterone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
67
Q

Where is the fundus at 20 weeks?

A

at the umbilicus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
68
Q

At 20 weeks, how many mL are inside the amniotic sac and what does it consist of?

A

400mL of urine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
69
Q

The uterus enlargement at 20 weeks can cause what to the mother?

A

postural hypotension

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
70
Q

How can a pregnant woman get postural hypotension?

A

laying supine
compression of the vena cava

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
71
Q

The mother should be positioned on how to prevent postural hypotension?

A

lay left lateral or on their side

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
72
Q

The blood volume increase can cause what to occur in the mother as side effects at 20 weeks?

A

sinus congestion
HA
stuffy nose
leg cramps
varicosities (legs, vulva, and rectum)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
73
Q

The side effects of progesterone increasing causes

A

the gut to work less = constipation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
74
Q

At 20 weeks, the fetus weighs how much?

A

200-400 g
- vernix
- sucks and kicks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
75
Q

Vernix

A

white sticky substance for the warmth of the fetus inside the womb

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
76
Q

What are nursing interventions at 2 weeks including educating on what comfort measures?

A
  • remain active
  • feet elevated (limit edema)
  • avoid pressure on lower thighs
  • support stockings
  • dorsiflex foot to relieve cramps
  • apply heat to cramps
  • cool air vaporizer/slaine spray for stuffiness
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
77
Q

How should a 20-week pregnant mom avoid constipation?

A

increase fiber, fruits, veggies
- 3L of fluid/day
- exercise frequently

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
78
Q

If a pregnant mom is sitting at a desk all day for her job, what is she most a risk for?

A

blood clots/DVTs
- due to her hypercoagulable state increasing BP and volume to prevent hemorrhage at birth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
79
Q

What maternal changes occur at 24 weeks?

A

fundus above umbilicus
Diastolic BP increases to pre-pregnant levels with systolic as the same
- possible murmur (normal)
Blood volume increase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
80
Q

Where is the fundus at 24 weeks?

A

above the umbilicus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
81
Q

What does the BP do at 24 weeks in the mother?

A

Systolic is the same
Diastolic increase to pre-pregnancy level

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
82
Q

The normal change in maternal BP can lead to what being discovered

A

systolic murmur
- moving the heart up and lateral due to the uterus expanding

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
83
Q

In early pregnancy is a drop in BP normal?

A

yes due to the sudden start of hormones and slowly going back to normal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
84
Q

The blood volume increase in a pregnancy is required due to the

A
  • transport of nutrients & O2 to placenta
  • Meet demands of expanded maternal tissue in the uterus & breasts**
  • reserve to protect from adverse effects of blood loss from childbirth
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
85
Q

At 24 weeks, the fetus look like

A

600 g
- alveolar sacs and ducts
- lung maturity can be detected by a lipid test for surfactant

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
86
Q

Nursing Interventions of 24 weeks

A

Glucose challenge
Ultrasound measurements (24-32 weeks)
Antibody screening on Rh-negative patients
CBC, HIV, RPR reassess in 3rd trimeser

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
87
Q

What is the 1 hour glucose screening abnormal number?

A

140+

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
88
Q

The ultrasound at 24 weeks is used for

A

standard fetal growth curve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
89
Q

If the Antibody screening is negative, what do you give the pt?

A

Rhogam at around 28 weeks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
90
Q

If the mother is low on hemoglobin and hematocrit, then they will take

A

diet modifications
iron pills or need infusion for iron (anemia)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
91
Q

If the mother does have an STI/STD, then who should be treated?

A

mother and father (+ for syphilis)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
92
Q

If the mother has a + blood type and the baby has a - blood type, then should you give Rhogam

A

no

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
93
Q

If the mother has a - blood type and the baby is +, then should you give Rhogam

A

yes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
94
Q

When should you give Rhogam?

A

1st pregnancy at 24 weeks and after birth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
95
Q

Where is the fundus at 28 weeks gestation?

A

halfway between the umbilicus and xiphoid process

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
96
Q

What are the maternal changes at 28 weeks?

A

Fundus raised to halfway btw umbilicus and xiphoid
- Thoracic breathing
- increase chest and RR
Increase vascular engorgement (stuffy, URT edema)
muscle relaxation and opens the airway
outline of fetus
Introspective
uterus displaces the liver and intestines

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
97
Q

When does the breathing change from abdominal to thoracic?

A

28 weeks
- chest circumference and RR increases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
98
Q

At 28 weeks, estrogen and progesterone increase to change what in the mother?

A

estrogen = increase upper respiratory edema and stuffiness
progesterone = relax and open airway

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
99
Q

The mother becomes introspective during the 28th week. What is her mindset?

A

concentrate on the unborn baby

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
100
Q

What are the Maternal GI changes that occur at 28 weeks of gestation and what is the cause?

A

uterus displaces the organs
- heartburn
- hemorrhoids
- constipation, flatulence, and bloating
- gallbladder stones and distension

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
101
Q

The fetus at 28 weeks is

A

1005 g
Surfactants forms in the lungs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
102
Q

Nursing Interventions at 28 weeks
Treat hemorrhoids

A

Sitz bath and stool softeners
topical anesthetic
witch-hazel OR preparation H

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
103
Q

Nursing Interventions at 28 weeks
Avoid heartburn

A

no fatty foods
small, frequent meals
Avoid lying down after meals (upright for digestion)
Take antacids as prescribed
Avoid sodium bicarbonate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
104
Q

Nursing Interventions at 28 weeks
Comfort measures

A

elevate legs when sitting
side lying when resting (prevent vena cava compression)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
105
Q

Nursing Interventions at 28 weeks
Discuss what with the parents

A

expectations for delivery and how to care for an infant
Nipple discomfort and stimuli
- pleasure with breast sensitivity = preterm delivery
no nipple stimuli

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
106
Q

Maternal changes at 32 weeks

A

fundus at xiphoid process
Increase progesterone = renal system
swollen ankles
sleep problems - dyspnea and nocturia
Breasts are full and tender

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
107
Q

The fundus is where at 32 weeks?

A

xiphoid process

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
108
Q

The increased levels of progesterone at 32 weeks do what to the maternal body?

A

increase blood flow
increase GFR
frequency
bladder tone down and capacity high (pressure on the bladder)
renal pelvis dilates
urinary stasis = UTI

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
109
Q

Nursing Interventions at 32 weeks

A

Educate
- Lower edema (swollen ankles)
- comfort
- Prepare for delivery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
110
Q

A nurse should educate the patient on what measures to decrease edema?

A

elevate legs 1-2x /day for 1 hour
left lateral position

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
111
Q

Why should a pregnant mom lay in the left lateral position?

A

increase cardiac output and urine output

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
112
Q

A nurse should educate the patient on what comfort measures are in the 32-week milestone?

A

wear a well-fitting support bra plan on nursing
semi-fowler

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
113
Q

A nurse should educate the patient on how to prepare for delivery?

A

Review signs of labor - not Braxton hicks
Discussion plans for other children (if any) and transportation
Assess partner’s role in childbirth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
114
Q

Maternal changes at 36-40 weeks

A

fundus below xiphoid process (Lightening)
Increase progesterone and relaxin
Musculoskeletal discomfort
Mother is eager for birth
Braxton Hicks’ = intense and frequent

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
115
Q

At 32+ weeks, what electrolyte is in high demand due to storage for the baby?

A

Calcium and iron

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
116
Q

Where is the fundus at 36-40 weeks?

A

below the xiphoid
- Lightening = baby drops

117
Q

When lightening occurs, what happens to the urinary system?

A

increase frequency
- baby is directly in the bladder
- but breathing improves

118
Q

What happens to the baby in weeks 36-40?

A

maternal antibodies transferred
lipids increase

119
Q

Week 36-40
Increase progesterone and relaxin for

A

relaxing ligaments and joints
Diastasis recti

120
Q

Diastasis recti

A

abdominal midline muscle separates in 3rs trimester

121
Q

What musculoskeletal discomforts would a maternal feel at 36+ weeks?

A

Postural changes progress
Increased backaches
Altered posture – the center of gravity shifts - ↑ fall risk
Lordosis - a shift in the center of gravity
Altered gait - “Pregnant Waddle”

122
Q

What is the mindset of a mom in 36+ weeks?

A

burst of energy and eager = nesting

123
Q

Nursing Interventions at 36+ weeks

A

Safety = fall risk
Prepare for delivery
Educate on Group B Strep Screening at 35-36 weeks

124
Q

What safety measures should the nurse give at 36-40 weeks?

A

low heels to flats
no heavy lifting
sleep on left side to relive bladder

125
Q

Nursing interventions to prepare for delivery at 36+ weeks

A

pelvic tilt exercises
suitcase
tour L&D
postpartum circumstances (circumcision, breast-feeding, postpartum blues, adequate rest, rooming in)

126
Q

How do you educate on the Group B strep Screening?

A

35-36 weeks
will infect baby and give meningitis to death
- baby stays for 48 hours after
- Postpartum delivery 2 days
- Csection 3 days

127
Q

Group B strep Screening
If +

A

required antibiotics (Pen G) during labor and every 4 hours until delivery

128
Q

Group B strep Screening
status is unknown

A

assume + and treat

129
Q

Group B strep Screening
scheduled Csection with intact membranes

A

no treatment necessary

130
Q

Presumptive Signs of Pregnancy
- patient thinks they might be pregnant

A

Period absent (Amenorrhea)
Really tired (Fatigue)
Enlarged Brest (size and fullness)
Sore breast (areola dark and pronounced nipples)
Urination frequency increase
Mvmt perceived (Quickening)
Emesis and nausea

Linea nigrea
Melasma

PRESUME LM

131
Q

Probable signs of Pregnancy
- physician suspicious

A

Positive pregnancy test - hCG
Return of fetus when uterus palpated (ballottement)
Outline of fetus
Braxton-Hicks contractions
A softening of the uterus (Goodell’s sign)
Bluish color vulva, vagina, cervix (Chadwick’s)
Lower uterine segment soft (Hegar’s)
Enlarged uterus

PROBABLE

132
Q

Positive Signs of Pregnancy

A

Fetal mvmt felt/observed by doctor/nurse
Electronic fetal heart sounds (10-12 weeks)
The delivery of the baby
Ultrasound and Transvaginal (sac)
See visible mvmt

FETUS

133
Q

Quickening is

A

fetal mvmt or fluttering in the stomach

134
Q

What is Chadwick’s sign?

A

bluing of the vagina

135
Q

What is Goodell’s sign?

A

softening of the cervix

136
Q

What is Hegar’s sign?

A

softening of the cervical isthmus

137
Q

Ballottement

A

bouncing back of the fetus when pushed down on the amniotic fluid

138
Q

When does Chadwick’s sign occur?

A

4 weeks

139
Q

When does Goodell’s sign occur?

A

6-8 weeks

140
Q

When does Hegar’s sign occur?

A

6-12 weeks

141
Q

When can you hear the fetal heart sounds?

A

10-12 weeks

142
Q

Fetal cardiac mvmt is detected at

A

4-8 weeks

143
Q

With multigravida patient, the signs of pregnancy appear quicker or later than a primigravida patient.

A

quicker 14-16 weeks

144
Q

In the presumptive sign of pregnancy, the increased circulation to the skin does what to the maternal body?

A

hot flashes and facial flushing
increase perspiration
oily skin and acne (increased sebaceous gland activity)

145
Q

In the presumptive sign of pregnancy, the increased estrogen and progesterone do what to the maternal body?

A

Melasma (mask of pregnancy glow)

146
Q

In the presumptive sign of pregnancy, what happens to the maternal skin?

A

Linea nigra - darker vertical line umbilicus to mons pubis
striae gravidarum - stretch marks to breasts, hip, abd, and butt (moisture and massage)
Rapid growth of hair and nails
dry skin and itchy

147
Q

In the probable sign of pregnancy, when does hCG production begin

A

at implantation
- 7-8 days after conception

148
Q

If hCG levels are higher than normal, what does this mean?

A

multiple fetuses
ectopic
molar pregnancy
genetic abnormality

149
Q

If hCG levels are lower than normal, what does this mean?

A

miscarriage

150
Q

What medications can affect the hCG and give the woman a false positive or negative?

A

anticonvulsants
diuretics
tranquilizers

151
Q

What is Qualitative hCG based on?

A

present hCG in the blood or urine

152
Q

What is Quantitative hCG based on?

A

based on weeks (length) - CERTAIN LEVELS

153
Q

What is the normal fetal heart rate?

A

110-160

154
Q

When is the fetal heart rate detectable by Dopplers?

A

10-12 weeks

155
Q

When is the fetal heart rate detectable by fetoscope?

A

15-20 weeks

156
Q

What does the UT transvaginal or transabdominal show?

A

high-frequency sound waves obtain images of maternal structures, placenta, amniotic fluid, and fetus

157
Q

Leopold’s Maneuver

A

external palpation of uterus to determine
id presenting parts and outline of fetus
point of max impulse

158
Q

What is assessed during the 1st prenatal visit?

A

Med hx (psychosocial, OB/GYN, and contraceptive)
Head to Toe
- reproductive (inverted nipples, external genital)
- breast and pelvic exam
EBD and fundal ht
VS (ht, wt, and BMI)
Fetal heart tones
Future visits (every month)

159
Q

Gravida

A
  • # of pregnancies, regardless of duration, including a pregnancy in progress
160
Q

G/P records

A

gravida and para

161
Q

Nulligravida

A

never been pregnant

162
Q

Primigravida

A

pregnant for the first time

163
Q

Multipgravida

A

has been pregnant more than once

164
Q

Para

A
  • # of pregnancies that have reached 20 weeks or more, multiple birth counts as 1 Para
165
Q

In the para, multiple births count as

A

1

166
Q

Nullipara

A

never completed a pregnancy @ 20 weeks or greater

167
Q

Primipara

A

has only completed 1 pregnancy @ or > 20 weeks

168
Q

Multipara

A

has completed a pregnancy > 20 weeks more than once

169
Q

Age of VIABILITY

A

20 weeks - fetal lungs mature enough for fetal survival outside the uterus

170
Q

Ab means

A

any pregnancy loss occurring < 20 weeks is counted as an abortion

171
Q

GTPALM

A

Gravida - # pregnancies
Term - # pregnancies delivered between 38-40 weeks
Pre-term - # pregnancies delivered prior to completion of the 37 week
Abortions - # miscarriages, spontaneous or induced abortions (<20wk)
Living - # children surviving birth (twins/multiples count individually)

172
Q

Term

A

pregnancies delivered between 38-40 weeks

173
Q

Pre-Term

A

pregnancies delivered prior to completion of the 37 week

174
Q

Abortions

A
  • # miscarriages, spontaneous or induced abortions (<20wk)
175
Q

Living

A
  • # children surviving birth (twins/multiples count individually)
176
Q

Multiples

A

of multiple gestational pregnancies

177
Q

When do twins or multiples count individually?

A

Living on GTPAL

178
Q

1st Visit Pregnancy VS - Pulse

A

MOM = 60-90 (increase 10-20 around 32 weeks)

179
Q

1st Visit Pregnancy VS - RR

A

MOM 16-24 breaths/min

180
Q

1st Visit Pregnancy VS - BP

A

increased fue to peripheral vascular resistance
- Systolic up slightly <30
- Diastolic lower 24-32 weeks 10-20
- Term gradual return
90-140/60-90

181
Q

Maternal Position means what
Supine -
Left lateral -

A

Supine - Vena cava compression
Left lateral - position of choice

182
Q

Initial Labwork of the pregnant woman include

A

CBC with diff
Pap smear
Blood type , with Rh and antibody
HIV, Hep B, RPR/VDRL (Syphillis)
Rubella titer
TB screening
UA and drug screen
Progesterone level
TORCH

183
Q

The CBC monitors what in maternal figures

A

Hgb andHct​​- monitor anemia (proper foods)
WBCs increase normally

184
Q

Why is a pap smear done for Initial pregnancy labwork?

A

screening tool for cervical cancer
cultures for Chlamydia & Gonorrhea​​
Assess for herpes, human papillomavirus

185
Q

If the mother is not immune to Rubella then when do you give the MMR vaccine?

A

after birth

186
Q

What is considered normal on a UA and drug screening initial lab work?

A

Albumin - Trace
Glucose - 1 +
Protein - Trace

187
Q

What does a large amount of albumin in a maternal woman mean?

A

preeclampsia

188
Q

What does a 2+ glucose in a maternal woman mean?

A

gestational diabetes

189
Q

What does a <1+ protein in a maternal woman mean?

A

mild preeclampsia
2+ - severe

190
Q

Low levels of progesterone mean what

A

spontaneous abortions and ectopic pregnancy

191
Q

What id TORCH

A

Toxoplasma- concern is with cats; parasitic disease (gloves in garden and with cat litter, heat meat all the way through)
Rubella- rare but can lead to birth defects for future pregnancies if not vaccinated
CMV- type of herpes spread through saliva & body fluids – baby is unable to fight
Herpes- assess for outbreaks present and need for treatment

192
Q

Toxoplasma is

A

concern is with cats; parasitic disease (gloves in garden and with cat litter, heat meat all the way through)

193
Q

What is the relationship chnage in RBC and plasma volume in pregnancy?

A

INcrease of plasma volume exceeds the increase in RBCs (blood is dilutes)

194
Q

The recommended weight gain in pregnancy is based on what

A

prepregnancy BMI

195
Q

If the pregnant woman is obese, what is the baby at risk for?

A

AP to PP complications

196
Q

If the pregnant woman is underwt, what is the baby at risk for?

A

risk for SGA and preterm delivery

197
Q

I f the mom and baby have incompatible blood, what could the baby develop?

A

jaundice

198
Q

What is the pattern of wt gain in the trimester and total wt gained overall?

A

1st Trimester - 2 to 4 lbs.
2nd & 3rd Trimester - average 1 lb. per week weight gain
Total weight gain during pregnancy 25-35 lbs.

199
Q

Calculate the date of birth using Nagaele’s rule

A

LMP - 3 months + 7 days = EDD

200
Q

EDC =

A

estimated date of confinement

201
Q

EDD

A

estimated date of delivery

202
Q

EDB

A

estimated date of birth

203
Q

LMP

A

last menstrual period

204
Q

In subsequent prenatal visits, what is assessed?

A

VS
Urine dip
Fundal cm ht = # of gestation weeks
Fetal assessment (heart and activity)
educate prenatal care and anticipatory guidance
pelvic exam for cervical change at 36 weeks

205
Q

What symptoms of malnutrition?

A

white on the tongue (clasidis)
chapped lips
brittle hair and nails

206
Q

What should a pregnant woman eat for prenatal care?

A

Calcium 1000 mg / day5 servings/day –Protein - meats, eggs, and legumes
5 servings/day –Vegetables - green, deep yellow good source of Vitamin C
6 servings/day – Grains - bread and cereal
4 servings/day – Fruit

207
Q

What prenatal vitamin nees to be taken daily?

A

folic acid 60 mcg

208
Q

How many glasses of water should a pregnant mother drink

A

8-10 glassess

209
Q

Protein ingested helps with fetal

A

development

210
Q

Ca ingested helps with fetal

A

bones

211
Q

Iron ingested helps with fetal

A

absorption and hemoglobin

212
Q

What are warning/danger signs to call for a physician for in a pregnant woman?
- UTI

A

Fever, chills, dysuria, frequency, and urgency
Odorous discharge

213
Q

What are warning/danger signs to call for a physician for in a pregnant woman?
- prom/srom/preterm delivery

A

Fluid, or bleeding from the vagina
Abdominal pain, cramping or backache

214
Q

What are warning/danger signs to call for a physician for in a pregnant woman?
- placenta previa/abruption

A

vaginal bleeding

215
Q

What are warning/danger signs to call for a physician for in a pregnant woman?
- pre-eclampsia

A

Visual disturbances & severe headache**
Swelling of the face, fingers, or sacrum
Epigastric Pain
Severe hypertension

216
Q

What are warning/danger signs to call for a physician for in a pregnant woman?
- hyperemesis gravidirum/dehydration

A

Prolonged nausea and vomiting
Diarrhea

217
Q

What are warning/danger signs to call for a physician for in a pregnant woman?
- fetal distress or death

A

Change in fetal movement or FHR

218
Q

What are warning/danger signs to call for a physician for in a pregnant woman?
- pyelonephritis, appendicitis

A

Abdominal back or pelvic pain

219
Q

When assessing a fetus, remeber to tell the client what before allowing consent for testing

A

voluntary and can be refused

220
Q

What does an Ultrasound do?

A

Specialized or target-
When specific target or organ requires more detailedimaging​
Confirm fetal heart rate activity​​​ - + of pregnancy
Verify gestational dates​​​
Locate and/or grade the placenta​​​
Determine fetal presentation​​​
Estimate amniotic fluid volume (AFI)​​​
Diagnose multiple gestation​​​
Evaluate interval fetal growth​​​
Evaluate the cervix​​​
Guide amniocentesis/CVS

221
Q

Transvaginal Ultrasound

A

Usually done 1sttrimester​​​
Useful in obese patients​​​
Does not require the woman to have full bladder​​​
Woman placed in lithotomy position an
Sterile covered probe/transducer inserted into vagina​​​
Can also be used to evaluate cervical status​​​

222
Q

Transabdominal Ultrasound

A

Transducer is moved over maternal abdomen to create an image ​​​
Warm gel to at least room temperature​​​
Remove gel from abdomen when procedure is complete​​​
Document teaching and toleration​​​​
No complications

223
Q

The transabdominal Ultrasound requires what in the first 20 weeks?

A

Requires full bladder to help support uterus for imaging:
Allow patient to empty bladder when scan complete
Place pillows under neck & knees for uterus placement

224
Q

The transabdominal Ultrasound requires what in the 3rd trimester?

A

supine with hip wedge to displace uterus to left

225
Q

CHORIONIC VILLUS SAMPLING

A

Aspiration of small amount of placental tissue (chorion) ​-Thin sterilecatheter/syringe inserted through abdominal wall or cervix under USguidance for chromosomal, metabolic or DNA testing​​​

226
Q

Complications of CHORIONIC VILLUS SAMPLING

A

Limb reduction defects​​​
Culture failure rate in growing chromosomes​​​
Subchorionic hematomas​​​
Infections​​​
Spontaneous rupture of membranes​​

227
Q

Advantages of CHORIONIC VILLUS SAMPLING

A

earlier than amniocentesis (normally performed between10-13 weeks)​​​

228
Q

The nurse is responsible for what in a CHORIONIC VILLUS SAMPLING

A

Obtain consent
If patient is Rh negative-give Rho (D) Immune Globulin​​​
Place patient in lithotomy position
Warn patient of sharp pain with catheter insertion

229
Q

What should a nurse teach the patient po-op of a CHORIONIC VILLUS SAMPLING

A

report cramping, heavy bleeding, clot or tissue passage​, leakage of fluid
Notify if temperature greater than 100.4​​​
Rest for 24 hours
avoid exercise, heavy lifting and sexual intercourse forseveral days​

230
Q

Amniocentesis

A

Needle inserted into uterine cavity to obtain amniotic fluid; guided by US

231
Q

Amniocentesis in the early stages of pregnancy

A

bladder should be full to push the uterus up in the abdomen for easier access

232
Q

Amniocentesis in the late stages of pregnancy

A

bladder should be empty so it will not be punctured

233
Q

Amniocentesis risk

A

1% spontaneous abortion
fetal injury
Infection

234
Q

Amniocentesis purpose

A

Genetic testing (15-20)
hemolytic disease
intrauterine infection
down syndrome
Fetal Lung maturity primary method

235
Q

What indicates fetal hemolytic disease?

A

elevated bilirubin levels

236
Q

What in the amniotic fluid can cause infection?

A

meconium

237
Q

How do you determine down syndrome

A

10-14 days for cultures to develop for
Pt could be well into 2nd trimester so choice for abortion is dangerous

238
Q

How do you determine Fetal Lung Maturity?

A

Lecithin-to-Sphingomyelin (L/S) ratio-2:1 or greater indicates adequate surfactant and mature fetal lungs​​​
Lamellar Bodies (storage form of surfactant)
IDM have delayed fetal lung maturation

239
Q

Amniocentesis nurse responsibility

A

Obtain baseline VS & FHR
Only to be performed when the uterus rises above the symphysis (12-13 weeks) and when amniotic fluid is formed
Administer Rho (D) Immune Globulin (RhoGAM) for Rh neg patients​​​​
Provide emotional support
Monitor FHR for 1 hr.

240
Q

Amniocentesis post-op teaching

A

Report cramping, heavy bleeding, clot or tissue passage​, leakage of fluid or temperature greater than 100. ​​​
Rest for 24 hours and avoid exercise, heavy lifting and sexual intercourse for several days​
Report a change in fetal movements

241
Q

Who needs testing in third trimester? ​

A

Anyone with a viable gestation experiencing a high-risk pregnancy​
Give extra support from you and groups

242
Q

Examples of high risk pregnancies

A

Hypertensive disorders​
Diabetes​
Multiple Gestations​
Lupus​
Renal or Heart Disease​
Interruption of oxygen pathways​ (placenta interruption

243
Q

Fetal Kick Counts

A

method to evaluate fetal well-being

244
Q

Hypotoxic fetus

A

activity is reduced to conserve oxygen and
eventually stillbirth may occur​​​

245
Q

Fetal Kick counts steps

A

Rest in a quiet location and count distinct fetal movements such as kicks or rolls​​​
Maternal perception of 10 distinct movements in a 1-2-hour **
period is reflective of nonhypoxic fetus at that moment in time**​​​
Count is discontinued once 10 movements are perceived​​​
Fetal movement is then recorded​​​

246
Q

When should you report to the doctor about fetal kick counts?

A

decreased fetal mvmt after 2 hours
- remember the baby does sleep
- 1 hour after with no mvmt: don’t notify physician
- drink water,
2 hours then physician

247
Q

Non-stress Test

A

ability of the fetal heart to accelerate either spontaneously or in association with fetal movement.

248
Q

Non-stress Test nurse responsibility

A

Place patient in comfortable position with lateral tilt - left​​
Place ultrasound andtocodynamometer​​​
Advise Pt to push button when she feels baby move so fetus response can be observed
Monitor fetus for minimum of 20 minutes; can beextended for another 20minutesto account fornormal fetal sleep-wake cycles​​​

249
Q

Non-stress Test stimulation may require provoking the fetus by

A

Patient can eat a snack, drink water/juice or gently palpate abdomen
Artificial larynx placed near fetal head​​​
Stimulation applied for 1 to 2 seconds-canberepeated up to 3 times​​​

250
Q

Reactive results for Non-stress test

A

FHR increases 15 beats above baseline for 15 seconds 2-3 times in20minutes for fetusover 32 weeks (15 x15)​​​

FHR increases 10 beats above baseline for 10 seconds 2-3 times in20minutes for fetusless than 32 weeks (10 x10)​​​

251
Q

Non- Reactive results for Non-stress test

A

Fewer than two accelerations during 40-minute period​​​
Decelerations that persist for 1 minute or longer during an NST havebeenassociatedwith increased cesarean birth rates and stillbirth​

252
Q

Contraction Stress-test

A

assess fetal well-being and uteroplacentalfunction bymonitoring fetal heartrate in response tocontractions​​​

253
Q

Contraction Stress test
- late decelerations mean

A

Brief interruptions of oxygen transfer duringcontractions incompromised fetus

254
Q

Contraction Stress test
​If adequate contractions are not present,

A

oxytocin or nipple stimulation (warm washcloth over nipple)is required = no control of oxytocin amount so monitor

255
Q

Contraction Stress test nurse responsibility

A

Explain procedure and obtain informed consent​​​
Monitor FHR and fetal activity for 20 minutes​​​
A recording of at least 3contractions in 10 minutes must be obtained
Duration of each contraction should be 40 seconds or longer and palpableto nurse​​​

256
Q

Negative Contraction Stress test

A

Negative-No late decelerations​​​ - no trouble with mom to baby O2 exchange

  • good thing
257
Q

Positive Contraction Stress test

A

Late decelerations are present with a minimum of 50% of thecontractions,evenwhen fewer than 3 contractions occur in 10 minutes​​

258
Q

Positive Contraction Stress test means or linked to

A

increased incidence of fetal growth restriction, late decelerations in labor, meconium-stained fluid, low 5-minute Apgar scores and stillbirth
Discuss further testing or expedited delivery​​​

259
Q

Biophysical Profile shows what

A

Fetal movement- 3+ discrete body or limb movements​​​
Fetal tone- 1+ fetalflexion and extension or openingandclosing of the hand​​​
Fetal breathing movement
Amniotic fluid amount- Pocket of amniotic fluid measuring at least 2cm in twoplanesperpendicular to each other​​​
NST-reactive​

260
Q

Biophysical Profile gives what scores for each parameter

A

2 normal
0 for abnormal/absent

261
Q

Biophysical Score of 8-10/10

A

reassuring

262
Q

Biophysical Score of 6/10

A

equivocal and may indicate the need fordeliverydepending ongestational age​​​

263
Q

Biophysical Score of 4/10

A

means delivery is recommended because of astrongcorrelation withchronic asphyxia​​​

264
Q

Biophysical Score of 2/10

A

immediate delivery​

265
Q

Family Adaptation to Pregnancy

A

Acquire skills related to pregnancy, childbirth, newborn, & parenthood
Realign finances, responsibilities, & relationships preparing for newborn’s arrival
Adjust sexual expression to accommodate pregnancy (infidelity and violence in late stages)
Expand communication to meet emotional needs

266
Q

Factors Influencing Family Adaptation

A

Age- Adolescent vs Adult
Primigravida vs Multigravida
Social support
Socioeconomic
Pregnancy complications
Psychosocial issues/ Mental health
Substance abuse
IPV – Intimate Partner Violence

267
Q

1st Trimester Maternal Mental Response

A

uncertain (no chnage, seek confirm, and look forward)
vague
Ambivalence (conflicting feelings about pregnancy)
finance worry
career concerns

268
Q

1st Trimester Maternal Mental Response
- 1st pregnancy

A

worries about added responsibilities, being a good parent

269
Q

1st Trimester Maternal Mental Response
- 2nd pregnancy

A

how will this pregnancy affect the other children & partner
- Worry will “I love this baby as much as my first baby”

270
Q

1st Trimester Maternal Task

A

Role Play- hold, feed other infants, practice

271
Q

2nd Trimester Maternal Task

A

Fantasy- daydream about infant and behaviors

272
Q

2nd Trimester Maternal Mental Response

A

physcial evidence (growth and mvmt, quickening and reality
Fetus becomes the primary focus
-nickname, talk, rub, and ambivalence wanes
body image perception

273
Q

3rd Trimester Maternal Mental Response

A

negative body image - resentment
introverted and vulnerable
self-absorbed
- worries about baby and nightmares
- trouble concentrating or making decisions
- anxious
Nesting - sudden burst of energy
ignore partner
increase dependence
ambivalence resolved

274
Q

3rd Trimester Maternal Task

A

Role Fit- sets role expected to be a “Good Mother”

275
Q

Paternal Response to Pregnancy
Announcement phase

A

= accepts biological fact of pregnancy
Confirmation of pregnancy - joy or dismay depending on planned or unplanned
Ambivalence is common in the early stages of pregnancy
Couvade syndrome

276
Q

Couvade syndrome

A

dad experience pregnancy-like symptoms for days or weeks

277
Q

Paternal Response to Pregnancy
Moratorium phase

A

= period of adjustment to the reality of the pregnancy
Accepts pregnancy
Introspective - puts pregnancy thoughts aside & engages in discussions about parenting
Phase can be short or last into the 3rd trimester depending on the father’s readiness

278
Q

Paternal Response to Pregnancy
Focusing phase

A

= active involvement
Negotiates the role he will play in labor and delivery and parenthood
Concentrate on the pregnancy experience and sees himself as a father

279
Q

Sibling Adaptation
Child
Young
Older
Adolescent

A

Influenced by the sibling’s age & developmental level & Parent’s attitude
- Child experiences loss, jealousy, feels “replaced”
- Younger - loss of “baby” role
- Older - increased responsibility
- Adolescents - embarrassed

280
Q

How do you prepare a sibling for a birth

A

Talk about expected baby arrival
Hear heartbeat
Feel baby move
Sibling classes
Attend birth

281
Q

Culture decisions in the childbearing family

A

Spirituality influences sexual attitudes, behaviors, modesty, and touch
Who makes decisions for the family?

282
Q

Barriers to a culture-sensitive care in childbearing

A

Obstetrical care can be confusing to other ethnic backgrounds
Verbal/non-verbal communication - language barrier, avoiding eye contact out of respect or dishonesty
Acknowledge how racial difference affect the quality of healthcare (pain control)
Worldview- How is human life/illness perceived?
Decision Making- Who decides?

283
Q

Adolescent Pregnancy risk complications

A

Pregnancy Induced hypertension
Poor nutrition – anemia
Preterm labor & birth
Depression
Substance abuse
Intimate partner violence
Death
Preterm / LBW infant

284
Q

Risk Factors associated with teenage pregnancy

A

Homelessness, juvenile justice system, foster care
Maintain relationship
Means to Independence
High-risk sexual behaviors (STD or pregnancy)
Economic burden- government programs
Increase in high school dropout rate
Child is at higher risk for abuse and cognitive delays

285
Q

Adolescent Fathers

A

May accept responsibility
“Phantom father” - absent or rarely involved
Conflicting roles of adolescent and fatherhood
Large number live in poverty and lack job skills
Education may be interrupted to find a job
Transition between childhood and adulthood
Lack patience to parent well

286
Q

Intimate Partner Violence can be

A

actual/threatening
- Physical- slapping, punching, kicking, & pushing escalate
- Sexual- Rape
- Emotional- continuous mental abuse, threat, coercion, isolation
- Reproductive Coercion- interfere with choice of contraception/pregnancy
Homicide
Reporting of only 20%

287
Q

Intimate Partner Violence serious impact to mom and baby

A

Maternal - Uterine Ruptured, Placental Abruption
Fetal - Prematurity, Low birth weight

288
Q

ABC’S VICTIM OF ABUSE GUIDELINES
3 Questions

A

Have you been hit, slapped, kicked or physically hurt during the last year?
Have you been hit, slapped, kicked or physically hurt during this pregnancy?
Has anyone forced you to have sexual activities?

289
Q

ABC’S VICTIM OF ABUSE GUIDELINES

A

A – Alone- Interview alone, reassure not alone
B – Belief- Let them know you believe them, Abuse not her fault
C – Confidentiality- Explain mandatory reporting laws if applicable
D – Documentation- verbatim, descriptive injuries, photos
E – Education- community resources, restraining orders
S – Safety- most dangerous time is when women decide to leave, danger plan

Module 6 (Labor And Delivery) (7 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions