Women and Gender

Question 1

Karen Anderson

Answer 1

Anderson argues that Montagnais – Naskapi women became subordinate to males due to the destruction of their traditional structures and social gender roles by the fur trade and Jesuits.

• Anderson notes the article Women and Colonization by Etienne and Leacock in which they argue that it is impossible to have an egalitarian society and equality between men and women if the society is running off of commodity production.
• Anderson attributes this to the higher level of exposure to traders and Jesuits that Montagnais – Naskapi experienced than the Huron women.

Question 2

Marguerite Bourgeoy

Answer 2

gender bias in the hierarchical power of the Catholic church and Marguerite Bourgeoy ability to overcome these biases. She opened her own hospital and various religious communities designed to help those in need.

Question 3

Constance B. Backhouse

Answer 3

• In the Victorian times, infanticide was a common practice of birth control so when many of these cases went to trail, the women would be let off by a sympathetic jury despite the evidence.
• Birthing rates were much lower than they are today which made things complicated because it needed to be determined whether the baby died naturally or whether the mother had committed infanticide. Eventually even just concealing your child’s dead body was seen as an admittance of guilt

Question 4

Suzanne Morton

Answer 4

“literacy or advanced education, however, did nothing to alter the basic fact that there were few careers open to young black women in Halifax.” Suzanne points out Dionne Brands note that African women were never considered a lady by dominant culture because the word lady had class and race connotations associated with it.

Question 5

Carol L. Bacchi

Answer 5

It was not simply that one allegiance dominated – that they sold out their sex to their class – but that they held a complex of social attitudes which had to have some coherence . That is, while as women they wanted greater recognition, as members of the social elite, they had to seek that recognition in acceptable channels

Question 6

Graham S. Lowe’s

Answer 6

the development of a female labor market for bank clerks during the First World War; the recruitment of women into the lower administration levels of the federal civil service; and the mechanization of major offices during the 1901-1931 period.

Question 7

Iancovetta

Answer 7

. Campaigns were formed to push North American nutrition and life style on immigrants in hopes of saving the immigrant child
Many immigrant woman rather than trusting daycare would rely on family members who due health issues or old age, are inadequate babysitters

Question 8

Jean McAllister’s conviction

Answer 8

social views on domestic violence and legal treatment of wives who commit spousal murder. Even social pressure condemning assaulting your wife (in the late nineteenth, early twentieth century), did not create harsher laws to those husbands caught beating their wives
. It drew attention that domestic violence can be a serious social issue

Question 9

Sangster

Answer 9

credits first wave feminism for bringing private issue to the public as way to fight for change

Question 10

Dr. Lesile J. Nichols

Answer 10

neoliberal policies to have “resulted in a lack of support for unemployed women with respect to Employment Insurance, health care, childcare, job training, and the labour market,

Question 11

Shibao Guo

Answer 11

Terms like glass ceiling as noted by Shibao Guo reflect “institutional barriers that affect immigrants’ new working lives at different stages of their settlement and integration processes

Question 12

female representation within the government

Answer 12

Federally, Canada places 62nd in the world for female representation within the government. The three top provinces in Canada are Ontario at 35%, Yukon with the highest at 37%, and Alberta at 33 %. “Nearly 23% of women in the current Parliament are visible minorities

Question 13

Idle No More is an organization

Answer 13

fourth wave feminism in Canada. It started as a response to Stephen Harpers bill C-45 which made it easier for government and business to develop land without environmental land assessments. It almost diminished the authority of Indigenous communities, excluding them from their own rights to the lands
Idle No More was connected to Theresa Spence of the Attawapiskat First Nation. Spence went on a liquid fast to protest the Canadian government not up holding treaty obligations.

Question 14

First Wave Feminism

Answer 14

This early activism was focused on increasing women’s role in public life, with goals including women’s suffrage, increased property rights, increased access to education, and recognition as “persons” under the law.

Question 15

Second Wave Feminism

Answer 15

Birth Control, Divorce and Battered Women
1968 Divorce Act
1969 Amendments to the Criminal Code: Pro-choice legalized in certain circumstances.
In the 1970 Royal Commission on the Status of Women it was reported that 167
recommendations were needed to improve the lives of women.
Women in the military had to quit to get married. It was not until 1971 that women in
the military were allowed to keep their jobs and get married.
1970
39.9% of women aged 15 years and older were part of the labour force.
•
Annual earnings of women working full-time represented only 59.7% of those of men.
Women’s shelters are formed.

Question 16

Third Wave Feminism

Answer 16

engaged in multiple
campaigns, from employment equity and daycare, to anti-racism and ending poverty
and violence against women.

Question 17

Womens Sphere

Answer 17

The state increasingly intruded into the private sphere of the homes of marginalized married women and the lives of 
single women living away from home, to protect middle class moral values, to judge these women, to reinforce 
traditional gender roles, and educate these women about society’s expectation

Question 18

When was Womens Christian temperance founded

Answer 18

1874

Question 19

When was the National Council of Women of Canada formed?

Answer 19

1893

Question 20

Grace Annie

Answer 20

First women to get a university degree in 1875 from mount Alliston University

Question 21

Ontario female lawyers

Answer 21

5% 1971 to 39% in 2011

Question 22

CLARA BRETT MARTIN

Answer 22

First woman to graduate as lawyer in Canada and British Empire

Question 23

Who was the last province to give woman the right vote

Answer 23

1940 Quebec

Question 24

Prime minister Borden

Answer 24

World War 1 womans votes
Manitoba suffrage able to get vote provincial but not federal
Woman working in military were first to get the vote

Question 25

Dominions Election Act

Answer 25

1920 allowed women over the age of 21 to vote but not indigenous, Asian and certain religious groups. In 1960, all women were finally granted the right to vote in Canada.