Women 1865-1992 Flashcards
Their position in 1865
- helped the poor
- suffrage campaign
- Temperance
- Slavery
- Church societies
- Moral reform
How did the Civil War affect women?
- more public participation
- gain more responsibility
- women took greater economic opportunity
Progress made from 1865-1900 in the campaign for political rights P1
- Prohibition
- Rural policies
- Urban policies
The Woman’s Christian Temperance (WCTM)
- by 1880 there was a national organisation in 24 states
- Membership reached to 800,000 by 1920
Progress made from 1865-1900 in the campaign for political rights P2
- break from abolitionism
- Suffrage Organisations
- the voting issues
- opposition
What were the different suffrage organisations and when were they founded?
- National Woman’s Suffrage Associations 1869
- National American Woman’s Suffrage Association 1890
How much progress was made by 1900
- the Southern organisations were unwilling to give af. am. women the right to vote
- there was no complete agreement as to which type of woman would be eligible to vote
- Whilst some progress had been made, opposition was still built up
- the movement distracted other causes, such as temperance
- in 1900s US movement was influenced by the British Suffragettes movement
Impact of the Civil War
- put them in more of a life/death situation
- lower pay
- more public participation
- moral authority
Impact of WW1
- opportunities
- economic activity
- vote
Was the 19th Amendment in 1920 a major turning point?
- women were shown their gratification for their work in the war and the result of an effective campaign by the NAWSA
- May not have been because of a change of mind and heart by American men that they actually deserved the vote
- Vote did not mean women got everything they wanted
- they still had to conform to a male dominated society, by voting in the way of their husbands
- much social and economic change during the war was short lived
- still faced discrimination in terms of wages, social attitudes and the ability to exercise their rights
Women’s Suffrage organisations
- NWSA 1869
- AWSA 1969
- NAWSA 1890
- LWV 1920
Opposition to suffrage
- public opinion
- NAOWS 1911
Other women’s groups
- WCTU 1874
Continuity or change 1865-1920 progress WW1
- female cooperation
- more allowed to work
- propaganda
- Special Women’s Advisory Committee
- more skilled jobs
- more women in Congress
Continuity or change 1865-1920 regress
- not involved in wartime decisions
- lack support childcare
- unequal pay
- little influence in politics
- divided
Women and the New Deal
- Eleanor Roosevelt
- Frances Perkins
- women significantly represented
- whether women achieved real politics of authority can be questioned
Continuity or change 1865-1900 - Progress
- inter war campaigns
- Supreme Court decision 1912
Continuity or change 1865-1900 - Regress
- still hadn’t achieved equality
- patriarchal values still in society
- voting was not made easy
WW2 positive impacts on women
- job opportunities
- period prosperity
- Campaigners appearing
WW2 negative impacts on women
- social issues less important
- discrimination
- lower pay
- traditional roles valued highly
- expected to balance work with domestic life
Campaign Political Rights in 1960s
- JFK and JBL
- Betty Freidan
- ERA
- NOW
Equal Rights Amendment (ERA)
- major focus 1970s of women’s organisations was passing of ERA
- equality rights should not be denied on account race
- if constitution voting was equal why not legal and social status
ERA support
- same argument as Seneca Falls
- increased pressure from NOW
- NOW viewed as symbol of equality
- Demonstrations
- Nixon accepted as president
ERA opposition
- Equal Pay Act (1963) made constitutional amendment unnecessary
- not ratified by 2/3 majority of the states
- Reagan prevented amendment from being ratified
