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American Civil Rights > Women > Flashcards

Women Flashcards

1
Q

In 1865, women’s role in society was summaried by the doctrine of separate spheres. What does this mean?

A
  • Men and women = biologically and inherently different
  • Men = public sphere - world of politics, economy and law
  • Women = private sphere - domestic life of raising children and housekeeping
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2
Q

When were NWSA and AWSA formed?

A

1869

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3
Q

In 1865, what percentage of women were white collar workers and what percentage were domestic servants?

A 
1% = white collar workers
60% = domestic servants
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4
Q

When were women given the right to vote in Wyoming (first state to give women the right to vote)?

A

1869

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5
Q

Why were women given the right to vote in Wyoming?

A

Westward expansion - men hoped women would be more willing to settle in the west if they were given the right to vote

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6
Q

When were women given the right to vote in Utah?

A

1870

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7
Q

Why were women given the right to vote in Utah?

A

To show polygamy didn’t exploit women or that women had no rights

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8
Q

What was the aim of the Women’s Christian Temperance Union (WCTU)?

A

Prohibition - the banning of selling and consuming alcohol

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9
Q

When was the WCTU set up?

A

1874

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10
Q

How many members did the WCTU have by 1880?

A

27,000

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11
Q

What happened to Susan B. Anthony in 1872?

A

She and 150 other women were arrested for electoral malpractice after trying to register to vote

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12
Q

Did Susan B. Anthony support abortion?

A

No - campaigned against it

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13
Q

Who was Victoria Woodhull?

A

Leader of the women’s suffrage movement and ran for President in 1872

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14
Q

Who was Martha Hughes Cannon?

A
  • Women’s rights activist
  • suffragist
  • became Senator of Utah in 1897
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15
Q

What were the 1873 Comstock laws?

A
  • Made contraception illegal
  • Made it illegal to distribute contraception across state lines
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16
Q

When was the first nursing school opened?

A

1873

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17
Q

What was the result of the 1875 Minor vs Happersett case?

A

Supreme Court ruled that, although women are no less citizens than men, they did not have the right to vote, so state laws stopping women from voting were constitutionally valid

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18
Q

What did Wyoming grant women in 1876?

A
  • Separate economy
  • Ability to control their own finances
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19
Q

By 1885, how many members did the WCTU have?

A

168,000

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20
Q

By 1885, how many members did the WCTU have?

A

168,000

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21
Q

When was the merger of NSWA and AWSA?

A

1890

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22
Q

When did Colorado give women the right to vote?

23
Q

In the 1895 state election, what percentage of women voted vs percentage of men who voted?

A
  • 76% women
  • 56% men
24
Q

When was the National Association of Coloured Women set up?

25
Why did African American women set up the National Association of Coloured Women?
To show that their achievements challenged an article from Missouri
26
How many hours did immigrant women have to work for to earn $5 in the Gilded Age?
70 hours
27
There was an increase in which mental health issue in women during the Gilded Age and why?
Depression due to loneliness
28
In 1897 who won a seat on the Utah State Senate?
Martha Hughes Cannon
29
How many women were members of the Knights of Labour by 1896?
10,000 but not significant - tiny percentage of KOL members
30
Which group opposed the women's suffrage campaign and why?
* National Association Opposed to Woman Suffrage * Saw women's rights as “eroding the special place and respect for women's domestic role”
31
Why did racist southerners oppose women's suffrage?
Thought female suffrage would weaken Jim Crow laws and restrictions on African Americans
32
When did Margaret Sanger open the first birth control clinic?
1916
33
When did Margaret Sanger open her second birth control clinic?
1923
34
What did Carrie Chapman Catt (leader of NAWSA) say about suffrage and the war effort, and what were the consequences?
* Promise of suffrage would make women support war effort more * NY and Illinois gave women the vote in 1917 * More states followed in 1918
35
When was the 19th Amendment passed and what did it do?
* 1920 * Gave all women right to vote * Partly a reward for work women did in WW1
36
In what ways was WW1 not a turning point for women's rights?
* Discrimination in wages and social attitudes continued * Women's movement became split between those who wanted to campaign on specific issues and those who wanted to fully integrate into general political life * Women still prevented from voting by difficult registration processes or intimidation * Flappers turned many against women's rights (more sexually liberated urban women in 1920s)
37
Outline the ERA
* Proposed amendment that would give women 100% equality with men * Some women opposed this, believing it would lead to a loss of protection for women * ERA WAS NEVER PASSED, EVEN TODAY
38
What improvements did the New Deal bring for women?
* Eleanor Roosevelt pushed for more women in public office and became a campaigner for women's rights * Frances Perkins became first female member of US Cabinet
39
In what ways was the New Deal not a turning point for women?
* Men still held most government positions * New Deal discriminated against mothers and married women to boost male employment * Women received lower pensions * New Deal did nothing about unequal pay
40
In what ways was WW2 a turning point for women?
* Millions more women went to work - labour needed to replace men who went to war * Women's Advisory Committee set up by gov. to investigate how women could be used for war effort * Increase in number of women in Congress * Women began to be employed in more skilled jobs
41
In what ways was WW2 not a turning point for women?
* Women not given extra childcare during the war * Pay remained unequal * Lack of opportunities for African American women * Japanese American women were discriminated against * Division in whether women wanted equal rights
42
Who wrote the Feminine Mystique?
Betty Friedan
43
When was NOW set up and who led it?
* 1963 * Led by Betty Friedan * Inspired by civil rights movement for African Americans
44
What were NOW's 5 main aims?
* Legalise abortion * ERA * Equal pay * Political participation * Opportunities for women
45
What was the result of the 1965 Griswold vs Connecticut case?
Contraception legalised for married couples
46
Who was the leading opponent of ERA?
Phyllis Schlafly
47
What did Phyllis Schlafly believe?
Women should be proud of their domestic role
48
What were the tactics of the Radical Feminism movement of the 1970s and 80s?
* Disrupting Miss World contests * Burning bras * Demanding free contraception for all women * Refusal to wear makeup
49
What was the result of the 1972 Eisenstadt vs Baird case?
Contraception legalised for unmarried couples
50
What did Congress declare in March 1987?
First National Women's History Month
51
What was the result of the 1973 Roe vs Wade case?
Legalised abortion
52
How much progress had been made by 1992?
* 100,000 women involved in campaign groups - similar to numbers in earlier temperance movement, but now had broader agenda, e.g. abortion, health and divorce * Half of all uni students were female * In 1984, Geraldine Ferraro became first female VP candidate
53
What were still issues by 1992 (lack of progress)?
* Women still worked in mainly “female” jobs * Few women involved in important decision making positions * Unequal pay - women paid 32 cents less than men * No ERA

American Civil Rights (4 decks)

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