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American Civil Rights > Women > Flashcards

Women Flashcards

1
Q

In 1865, women’s role in society was summaried by the doctrine of separate spheres. What does this mean?

A
  • Men and women = biologically and inherently different
  • Men = public sphere - world of politics, economy and law
  • Women = private sphere - domestic life of raising children and housekeeping
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2
Q

When were NWSA and AWSA formed?

A

1869

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3
Q

In 1865, what percentage of women were white collar workers and what percentage were domestic servants?

A 
1% = white collar workers
60% = domestic servants
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4
Q

When were women given the right to vote in Wyoming (first state to give women the right to vote)?

A

1869

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5
Q

Why were women given the right to vote in Wyoming?

A

Westward expansion - men hoped women would be more willing to settle in the west if they were given the right to vote

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6
Q

When were women given the right to vote in Utah?

A

1870

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7
Q

Why were women given the right to vote in Utah?

A

To show polygamy didn’t exploit women or that women had no rights

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8
Q

What was the aim of the Women’s Christian Temperance Union (WCTU)?

A

Prohibition - the banning of selling and consuming alcohol

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9
Q

When was the WCTU set up?

A

1874

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10
Q

How many members did the WCTU have by 1880?

A

27,000

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11
Q

What happened to Susan B. Anthony in 1872?

A

She and 150 other women were arrested for electoral malpractice after trying to register to vote

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12
Q

Did Susan B. Anthony support abortion?

A

No - campaigned against it

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13
Q

Who was Victoria Woodhull?

A

Leader of the women’s suffrage movement and ran for President in 1872

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14
Q

Who was Martha Hughes Cannon?

A
  • Women’s rights activist
  • suffragist
  • became Senator of Utah in 1897
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15
Q

What were the 1873 Comstock laws?

A
  • Made contraception illegal
  • Made it illegal to distribute contraception across state lines
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16
Q

When was the first nursing school opened?

A

1873

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17
Q

What was the result of the 1875 Minor vs Happersett case?

A

Supreme Court ruled that, although women are no less citizens than men, they did not have the right to vote, so state laws stopping women from voting were constitutionally valid

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18
Q

What did Wyoming grant women in 1876?

A
  • Separate economy
  • Ability to control their own finances
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19
Q

By 1885, how many members did the WCTU have?

A

168,000

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20
Q

By 1885, how many members did the WCTU have?

A

168,000

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21
Q

When was the merger of NSWA and AWSA?

A

1890

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22
Q

When did Colorado give women the right to vote?

A

1895

23
Q

In the 1895 state election, what percentage of women voted vs percentage of men who voted?

A
  • 76% women
  • 56% men
24
Q

When was the National Association of Coloured Women set up?

A

1896

25
Q

Why did African American women set up the National Association of Coloured Women?

A

To show that their achievements challenged an article from Missouri

26
Q

How many hours did immigrant women have to work for to earn $5 in the Gilded Age?

A

70 hours

27
Q

There was an increase in which mental health issue in women during the Gilded Age and why?

A

Depression due to loneliness

28
Q

In 1897 who won a seat on the Utah State Senate?

A

Martha Hughes Cannon

29
Q

How many women were members of the Knights of Labour by 1896?

A

10,000 but not significant - tiny percentage of KOL members

30
Q

Which group opposed the women’s suffrage campaign and why?

A
  • National Association Opposed to Woman Suffrage
  • Saw women’s rights as “eroding the special place and respect for women’s domestic role”
31
Q

Why did racist southerners oppose women’s suffrage?

A

Thought female suffrage would weaken Jim Crow laws and restrictions on African Americans

32
Q

When did Margaret Sanger open the first birth control clinic?

A

1916

33
Q

When did Margaret Sanger open her second birth control clinic?

A

1923

34
Q

What did Carrie Chapman Catt (leader of NAWSA) say about suffrage and the war effort, and what were the consequences?

A
  • Promise of suffrage would make women support war effort more
  • NY and Illinois gave women the vote in 1917
  • More states followed in 1918
35
Q

When was the 19th Amendment passed and what did it do?

A
  • 1920
  • Gave all women right to vote
  • Partly a reward for work women did in WW1
36
Q

In what ways was WW1 not a turning point for women’s rights?

A
  • Discrimination in wages and social attitudes continued
  • Women’s movement became split between those who wanted to campaign on specific issues and those who wanted to fully integrate into general political life
  • Women still prevented from voting by difficult registration processes or intimidation
  • Flappers turned many against women’s rights (more sexually liberated urban women in 1920s)
37
Q

Outline the ERA

A
  • Proposed amendment that would give women 100% equality with men
  • Some women opposed this, believing it would lead to a loss of protection for women
  • ERA WAS NEVER PASSED, EVEN TODAY
38
Q

What improvements did the New Deal bring for women?

A
  • Eleanor Roosevelt pushed for more women in public office and became a campaigner for women’s rights
  • Frances Perkins became first female member of US Cabinet
39
Q

In what ways was the New Deal not a turning point for women?

A
  • Men still held most government positions
  • New Deal discriminated against mothers and married women to boost male employment
  • Women received lower pensions
  • New Deal did nothing about unequal pay
40
Q

In what ways was WW2 a turning point for women?

A
  • Millions more women went to work - labour needed to replace men who went to war
  • Women’s Advisory Committee set up by gov. to investigate how women could be used for war effort
  • Increase in number of women in Congress
  • Women began to be employed in more skilled jobs
41
Q

In what ways was WW2 not a turning point for women?

A
  • Women not given extra childcare during the war
  • Pay remained unequal
  • Lack of opportunities for African American women
  • Japanese American women were discriminated against
  • Division in whether women wanted equal rights
42
Q

Who wrote the Feminine Mystique?

A

Betty Friedan

43
Q

When was NOW set up and who led it?

A
  • 1963
  • Led by Betty Friedan
  • Inspired by civil rights movement for African Americans
44
Q

What were NOW’s 5 main aims?

A
  • Legalise abortion
  • ERA
  • Equal pay
  • Political participation
  • Opportunities for women
45
Q

What was the result of the 1965 Griswold vs Connecticut case?

A

Contraception legalised for married couples

46
Q

Who was the leading opponent of ERA?

A

Phyllis Schlafly

47
Q

What did Phyllis Schlafly believe?

A

Women should be proud of their domestic role

48
Q

What were the tactics of the Radical Feminism movement of the 1970s and 80s?

A
  • Disrupting Miss World contests
  • Burning bras
  • Demanding free contraception for all women
  • Refusal to wear makeup
49
Q

What was the result of the 1972 Eisenstadt vs Baird case?

A

Contraception legalised for unmarried couples

50
Q

What did Congress declare in March 1987?

A

First National Women’s History Month

51
Q

What was the result of the 1973 Roe vs Wade case?

A

Legalised abortion

52
Q

How much progress had been made by 1992?

A
  • 100,000 women involved in campaign groups - similar to numbers in earlier temperance movement, but now had broader agenda, e.g. abortion, health and divorce
  • Half of all uni students were female
  • In 1984, Geraldine Ferraro became first female VP candidate
53
Q

What were still issues by 1992 (lack of progress)?

A
  • Women still worked in mainly “female” jobs
  • Few women involved in important decision making positions
  • Unequal pay - women paid 32 cents less than men
  • No ERA

American Civil Rights (4 decks)

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