Woman's' Health & Sexually Transmitted Diseases Flashcards
chlamydia
Chlamydia is a bacterial infection caused by Chlaydia trachomatis and is the most commonly reported STI in american women.
The infection can be difficult to diagnose becuase the client rarely has manifestations. If chlamydia is left untreated in females , it can lead to pelvic inflammatory disease , which can cause infertility and ectopic pregnancy.
The CDC recommends yearly screening of all sexually active females younger than 25 years , as well as older females who have risk factors ( new or multiple partners.) All pregnanat clients should be screened at first prenatal visit and rescreened in the third trimester if younger than 25 years and /or high risk.
marked with mucopurulent vaginal discharge.
Treatment - doxycycline 100 mg po b.i.d x 7 days OR Azithromycin ( Zithromax ) 1 g orally in a single dose.
trichomonas vaginalis
protozoan -caused infection
manifestations - frothy , greenish - yellow , foul - smelling discharge and vulvar itching , edema , dysuria , and redness
can cause PROM and preterm labor
treatment - Flagyl - avoidance of alcohol during treatment , avoidance of sexual intercourse during treatment.
pelvic inflammatory disease
An inectious condition of the pelvic cavity that may involve the fallopian tubes , ovaries , and peritoneum . entry during sexual intercourse or after pregnancy termination. Major cause of female infertility.
clinical manifestation - lower abdominal pain , spotting after intercourse , abnormal vaginal discharge , fever and chills , incersed cramping during menses , irregular bleeding , dyspareunia
Based in signs and symptoms and data obtained during bimanual portion of pelvic exam.
Lower abdominal tenderness
Bilateral adnexal tenderness -ovry,fallopian tube tenderness ( ligament that hold uterus in place )
Positive cervical motion tenderness
culture from gonorrhea and chlamydia
Vaginal ultrasound when pain or obesity compromises the pelvic exam.
complication- Septic shock , pelvic or generalized peritonitis , ectopic pregnancy , infertility.
Outpatient- combination of ABt Doxycycline and cefoxitin ( Mefoxin )
Inpatient - Maximum doses of parenteral antibiotics
corticosteroids for inflammation , analgesics for pain , bed rest id semi - Fowler’s position , heat to lower abdomen or sitz bath , IV fluids , rest , and ABT.
human papilloma virus
more than 100 types , has been linked to cervical and vulvar cancer in women. health maintenance is important.some types can cause genital warts also known as Condyloma acuminata.
HPV is highly contagious.
minor truma during intercourse can cause abrasions that allow HPV to enter body.
Discrete single or multiple papillary growths that are white to gray and pink- lesh colored.
it is spread through oral , vaginal and anal sex.
Routine screening for emales 21 to 65 years old can provide early detection. screening should occur , even during pregnancy.
vaccines are recommended to protect against low-risk types of HPV that cause genital warts and high -risk types of HPV that cause cancer. The vaccine is indicatedd for ages 9 to 26 years. three doses of the vaccine will be received during a 6 - month period.
candidiasis
Fungal ( yeast ) infection ( candida albicans )
Menifestation - thick , cheesy-white , vaginal discharge , intense itching and redness of labia/vulva , conjuctivitis , burning with urination ,and thrush
treatment - topical and oral anti-fungal agent ( such as miconazole , clotrimazole ) diflucan and monistat.
prevention - avoidance of tight or damp undergarments and douching , appropriate vaginal and oral hygiene , appropriate hand washing , and wear cotton underwear.
TORCH infections
Toxoplasmosis , other infection ( hepatitis ) , rubella virus , cytomegalovirus , and herpes simplex virus ( HSV ) are known collectively as TORCH , which is group of infections that can negatively affect a client who is pregnant. Thest infection can cross the placenta and have teratogenic effects on the fetus.
genital herpes
The HSV enters through the mucous membranes or breaks in skin during contact with infected person
Reproduces inside cell and spreads to the surrounding cells.
Enters peripheral or autonomic nerve ending where it becomes dormant
usually persist for life of person.
Types are different in location and severity. causes burning or tingling at the site persists for the life of the person.
herpes simplex type 2 - genital herpes
vesicular lesions may occur on the penis , scrotum , vulva , perineum , perianal region , vagina , or cervix.
local inflammation and pain accompained by systemic anifestations of fever , headache , malaise , myalgia , and regional lymphadenopathy. painful urination , purulent , vaginal discharge with cervicitis
Treatment - three drugs available - acyclovir ( zovirax ) , or valacyclovir ( valtrex ) , or famiciclovir ( famvir )
-Cesarean section recommended for all clients who have active lesions
-Can cause miscarriage, preterm labor, and intrauterine growth restriction
gonorrhea
Caused by Nesseria gonorrhea , a gram negative diplococcus.
spread by direct physical contact, usually during sexual activity.
can spread during delivery from infected mother.
clinical menifestation- Men - dyauria , penile discharge ( white , green , yellow or clear ) sometime profuse
women- dysuria , yellow- greenish vaginal discharge
Treatment of choice - Rocephine and Zithromax
