Alterations in Ingestion, Digestion, Absorption, and Elimination (Peds)

Question 1

hypospadias

Answer 1

congenital defect involving abnormal placement of urethral orifice of the penis ( below)

Question 2

most common cause of epiglottitis

Answer 2

haemophilus influenzae type B

Question 3

enterobiasis

Answer 3

Pinworm: Found in tropical and temperate climates

S&S: Perianal itching at night, teeth grinding at night, restlessness, weight loss, enuresis
Diagnostics: Visualized when child is sleep, use transparent tape on perianal region for specimen

Fecal-oral transmission: Directly or indirectly
Good hand hygiene most effective in prevention

Question 4

cleft lip

Answer 4

Abnormal opening in the lip, predominately seen in males.

Etiology: Genetic and environmental (maternal smoking, prenatal infection, advance maternal age, use of steroids, anticonvulsants and other meds);

Management: Depends on severity, special bottles used, modify feedings and techniques, Surgical repair in 2-3 months

Anomalies: Heart defects, Ear malformations, Skeletal deformities, Genitourinary abnormality

Complications: Feeding difficulties, Altered dentition, Delayed or altered speech development, Otitis media

Question 5

esophageal atresia

Answer 5

Congenital malformation in which the esophagus terminates before it reaches the stomach (blind pouch). Associated with maternal history of polyhydramnios

S&S: Unable to pass suction catheter or NGT, excessive frothy secretions, Coughing, Choking &vomiting, Cyanosis with feeding, airless scaphoid abdomen

Diagnosis: X-ray

Management: Focus on surgery and postop care, monitor for S&S of infection and pneumonia

Question 6

pyloric stenosis

Answer 6

Muscle surrounding pylorus hypertrophies and obstruct gastric emptying

S&S: Projectile vomiting, olive shaped mass in RUQ, peristaltic waves from LUQ to RUQ after vomiting, vomiting after feeding, constant hunger, weight loss

Diagnostic: US

Treatment: Surgery (pyloromyotomy)

Question 7

Tagamet

Answer 7

cimetidine - histamine -2 blockers

antihistamine and antacid

it can reduce acid in the stomach to treat ulcers and acid refulx.

Question 8

Zantac

Answer 8

ZANTAC -ranitidine - HISTAMINE -2 BLOCKERS

ACTIONS/ INDICATIONS - decrease histamine production , thereby reducing gastric acid secretion used for heartburn , esophagitis , GERD , benign duodenal or gastric ulcers
may cause drowsiness or dizziness