Wolsey's foreign policy Flashcards
Why did Wolsey want to improve England’s relations with France and the Holy Roman Empire?
so that england did not become isolated. Avoiding risk of France and HRE uniting against Endland
This was against Henry’s desire for military glory
What did Wolsey try and present Henry as to the public despite the desire for war?
A peacemaker
What did Englands invasion of France in 1512 result IN
Humiliating defeat for England, the army being to drunk and diseased to achieve anything.
What did Henry’s second campaign against France in 1513 result in?
Captured Therouanne and Tournai. (however these towns were insignificant)
Defeated the French army in the Battle of the Spurs (Small battle)
Emptied the King’s treasury
When was the Treaty of London
1518
What was the Treaty of London?
-Agreement for “universal peace” between France Spain England
-Signed by top 20 European leaders inc Pope
How did the Treaty of London 1518 affect Henry and Wolsey’s reputation
Brought them both prestige, England was seen as powerful and at the center of European politics
Henry was seen as the Great European Peacemaker (eventhough Wolsey created the agreement)
How long did the Treaty of London 1518 last
Till 1521, as war between France and the Hapsburg empire restarted
What happened in 1519 that lead to the war between Habsburg and France?
Charles was elected leader of the Holy Roman Empire
THIS MEANT:
-France was surrounded by Habsburg land
-Francis had been rejected from the post he too tried to claim
-Charles had a claim to the duchy of MIlan which was currently under french control
What was one of the main reasons Henry and Wolsey organised the conferences at the Field of the Cloth and Gold 1520
England was well placed geographically and wanted to see what Spain or France would offer for their support
What was the result of the Field of the Cloth and Gold conferences 1520
No decisions that would bring peace to Europe
-increased Spain’s suspicion that England is taking sides
-England relations with France did not improve and they had war 2 years after
Henry still saw it as a success because it brought him honour and pprestige and he was at the center of European politics
Why was TFoCaG so unsuccessful?
Became an occasion for feasting , jousting, wrestling and flaunting wealth
When was the Treaty of Bruges
1521
What was the Treaty of Bruges
Agreement negotiated by Wolsey where they would help Spain invade france, but would send in troops a year delayed. WOlsey did this hoping the conflict would be over by then and wouldnt cost England troops or money
Why did England ally with Spain instead of France?
Stronger trade links, Henrys marriage to Catherine
War against France 1522-25
1522- Henry declares war on France
1523- 11,000 English troops planned to attack Paris with support of Spain and Duke of Bourbon
Spain and Duke’s troops did not show up so England retreated.
Spain was using England as a distraction so they could win the Battle of Pavia
How much did the war against France cost England?
£430,000, with nothing to show for it
Battle of Pavia 1525 results
French army destroyed and Francis captured by Spain
How did Charles betray Henry after the Battle of Pavia
Henry wanted to exploit the victory over France with Charles and invade. However, Charles released Francis under the promise the king would not seek revenge and did not share the spoils of war with Henry.
Why did Charles betray Henry
He did not want England to become any more powerful
What did Wolsey do in 1525 as a result of the Habsburg betrayal
Signed a peace treaty with France
What was in the Treaty of Moore 1525
Henry would give up his claim to the French throne in exchange for an annual payment from Francis
Treaty of Westminister 1527
formed the League of Cognac. England and France threatened to fight Spain if they didnt improve relations with neigbouring countries
What was the League of Cognac 1526
Wolsey organised an alliance against Charles’ expansion into Italy.
Joined by France, the pope, Venice and Florence
Henrys annulment case 1527
Henry wanted an annulment but couldnt do so because the Pope was captures by Charles
War against Charles 1528
In 1528, France and England declared war on Charles, and Francis I invaded the Italian peninsula.
-no English troops were sent to fight. Showed England was not a serious player
-Wolsey introduced a trade embargo* of the Netherlands, as this was part of Spain’s territories. Called of after protests from ccloth workers.
- June 1529, Charles defeated the French at the Battle of Landriano in northern Italy. As a
result, Charles’ power over Italy and the pope remained,
> Wolsey’s hopes of securing a divorce for Henry were over.
Charles 1 and Charles V
Charles I: leader of spain
Charles V: leader of Italy/HRE
SAME PERSON
How did the war against Charles V in 1528 wmake England seem like a weak european power
Wolsey’s trade embargo with Habsburg controlled Netherlands was stopped by protests
Treaty of Cambrai 1529
Charles and Francis made peace.
Wolsey not informed until last second. England was no longer seen as an equal
