Wolsey's foreign policy

Question 1

Why did Wolsey want to improve England’s relations with France and the Holy Roman Empire?

Answer 1

so that england did not become isolated. Avoiding risk of France and HRE uniting against Endland

This was against Henry’s desire for military glory

Question 2

What did Wolsey try and present Henry as to the public despite the desire for war?

Answer 2

A peacemaker

Question 3

What did Englands invasion of France in 1512 result IN

Answer 3

Humiliating defeat for England, the army being to drunk and diseased to achieve anything.

Question 4

What did Henry’s second campaign against France in 1513 result in?

Answer 4

Captured Therouanne and Tournai. (however these towns were insignificant)
Defeated the French army in the Battle of the Spurs (Small battle)

Emptied the King’s treasury

Question 5

When was the Treaty of London

Answer 5

1518

Question 6

What was the Treaty of London?

Answer 6

-Agreement for “universal peace” between France Spain England
-Signed by top 20 European leaders inc Pope

Question 7

How did the Treaty of London 1518 affect Henry and Wolsey’s reputation

Answer 7

Brought them both prestige, England was seen as powerful and at the center of European politics

Henry was seen as the Great European Peacemaker (eventhough Wolsey created the agreement)

Question 8

How long did the Treaty of London 1518 last

Answer 8

Till 1521, as war between France and the Hapsburg empire restarted

Question 9

What happened in 1519 that lead to the war between Habsburg and France?

Answer 9

Charles was elected leader of the Holy Roman Empire
THIS MEANT:

-France was surrounded by Habsburg land
-Francis had been rejected from the post he too tried to claim
-Charles had a claim to the duchy of MIlan which was currently under french control

Question 10

What was one of the main reasons Henry and Wolsey organised the conferences at the Field of the Cloth and Gold 1520

Answer 10

England was well placed geographically and wanted to see what Spain or France would offer for their support

Question 11

What was the result of the Field of the Cloth and Gold conferences 1520

Answer 11

No decisions that would bring peace to Europe
-increased Spain’s suspicion that England is taking sides
-England relations with France did not improve and they had war 2 years after

Henry still saw it as a success because it brought him honour and pprestige and he was at the center of European politics

Question 12

Why was TFoCaG so unsuccessful?

Answer 12

Became an occasion for feasting , jousting, wrestling and flaunting wealth

Question 13

When was the Treaty of Bruges

Answer 13

1521

Question 14

What was the Treaty of Bruges

Answer 14

Agreement negotiated by Wolsey where they would help Spain invade france, but would send in troops a year delayed. WOlsey did this hoping the conflict would be over by then and wouldnt cost England troops or money

Question 15

Why did England ally with Spain instead of France?

Answer 15

Stronger trade links, Henrys marriage to Catherine

Question 16

War against France 1522-25

Answer 16

1522- Henry declares war on France
1523- 11,000 English troops planned to attack Paris with support of Spain and Duke of Bourbon
Spain and Duke’s troops did not show up so England retreated.
Spain was using England as a distraction so they could win the Battle of Pavia

Question 17

How much did the war against France cost England?

Answer 17

£430,000, with nothing to show for it

Question 18

Battle of Pavia 1525 results

Answer 18

French army destroyed and Francis captured by Spain

Question 19

How did Charles betray Henry after the Battle of Pavia

Answer 19

Henry wanted to exploit the victory over France with Charles and invade. However, Charles released Francis under the promise the king would not seek revenge and did not share the spoils of war with Henry.

Question 20

Why did Charles betray Henry

Answer 20

He did not want England to become any more powerful

Question 21

What did Wolsey do in 1525 as a result of the Habsburg betrayal

Answer 21

Signed a peace treaty with France

Question 22

What was in the Treaty of Moore 1525

Answer 22

Henry would give up his claim to the French throne in exchange for an annual payment from Francis

Question 23

Treaty of Westminister 1527

Answer 23

formed the League of Cognac. England and France threatened to fight Spain if they didnt improve relations with neigbouring countries

Question 24

What was the League of Cognac 1526

Answer 24

Wolsey organised an alliance against Charles’ expansion into Italy.

Joined by France, the pope, Venice and Florence

Question 25

Henrys annulment case 1527

Answer 25

Henry wanted an annulment but couldnt do so because the Pope was captures by Charles

Question 26

War against Charles 1528

Answer 26

In 1528, France and England declared war on Charles, and Francis I invaded the Italian peninsula.
-no English troops were sent to fight. Showed England was not a serious player
-Wolsey introduced a trade embargo* of the Netherlands, as this was part of Spain’s territories. Called of after protests from ccloth workers.
- June 1529, Charles defeated the French at the Battle of Landriano in northern Italy. As a
result, Charles’ power over Italy and the pope remained,
> Wolsey’s hopes of securing a divorce for Henry were over.

Question 27

Charles 1 and Charles V

Answer 27

Charles I: leader of spain
Charles V: leader of Italy/HRE

SAME PERSON

Question 28

How did the war against Charles V in 1528 wmake England seem like a weak european power

Answer 28

Wolsey’s trade embargo with Habsburg controlled Netherlands was stopped by protests

Question 29

Treaty of Cambrai 1529

Answer 29

Charles and Francis made peace.

Wolsey not informed until last second. England was no longer seen as an equal