Wolsey's foreign policies Flashcards
1
Q
What was Henry VIII and Wolsey’s main foreign policy ambition?
A
- Henry VIII and Wolsey’s main foreign policy ambition was to secure England as the most important European country. At the time, the 2 most powerful states were France (led by king Francis I) and the Holy Roman Empire (led by Charles V).
2
Q
What were the differences in Henry VIII and Wolsey’s view on war?
A
- Henry VIII felt that war was the most effective means of securing the country’s status. He felt that success would be best achieved through glory in battle.
- However, Wolsey believed in diplomacy and peace building. He recognised that war would be hugely expensive and a high risk strategy against enemies that could easily defeat them.
3
Q
When did Henry VIII launch his first attack on France?
A
- In 1513, Henry VIII launched his first attack on France and he appointed Wolsey to control the army. The invasion was short and unsuccessful.
4
Q
What happened by 1514?
A
- By 1514, a temporary Anglo-French peace treaty was agreed. Henry VIII was left with control of some land, but with heavy financial and military loss.
5
Q
What was the Treaty of London?
A
- In 1518, the Treaty of London was passed. It was a non aggression pact between the major European nations in response to the Pope’s call for helping Italy defend itself against an attack by the Turks.
- 20 representatives in Europe met in London to sign the document. Wolsey’s hard work had forged Henry VIII as the main peace negotiator of Europe. His policy of diplomacy seemed to be working.
6
Q
What was the Field of the Cloth of Gold?
A
- In 1520, Wolsey and the king held the Field of the Cloth of Gold. This was a meeting of the most important nobles from England and France. It was designed to show the wealth and power of both nations.
- Its aim was to improve the friendship between the 2 monarchs, the meeting was a success and it placed England in the centre of European politics.
7
Q
What did Wolsey do in 1521?
A
- In 1521, Wolsey arranged another meeting, this time in Calais, France. It involved Emperor Charles V, king Francis I of France and Henry VIII. Once again its aim was to promote peace within Europe.
8
Q
What happened by the end of 1521?
A
- By the end of 1521, they sided with Charles V against France. They offered support in future wars with a long term desire of securing France as English territory. However, Henry VIII lacked domestic support and the money necessary to give the assistance Charles V.
9
Q
What was the Battle of Pavia?
A
- In 1525, Charles invaded northern Italy. He was successful at the Battle of Pavia and captured the King of France.
10
Q
What ended Henry VIII’s ambition with France?
A
- Wolsey’s failed domestic policy, Amicable Grant, failed to raise money for a war against France. This ended Henry VIII’s ambitions with France and Wolsey turned to France and started negotiations to become allies. This finally terminated relations with Charles V.
11
Q
What happened in 1523?
A
- In 1523, an English army led by the Duke of Suffolk invaded France. The intial invasion was a great success, but in the final battle, the English were forced home when Charles V failed to provide additional support.
