Wnd Of Year Flashcards
The process of respiration releases energy in the form of
ATP
What is the word equation for aerobic respiration
Oxygen + Glucose —> water + carbon dioxide (+energy)
What is the balanced word equation for aerobic respiration
C6 H12 O6 + 6O2 —> 6CO2 + 6H2O
What are the differences between aerobic and anaerobic respiration
Aerobic respiration occurs with oxygen and releases more energy but more slowly. Anaerobic respiration occurs without oxygen and releases less energy but more quickly.
What is the word equation for anaerobic respiration in yeast cells
Glucose → ethanol + carbon dioxide (+ energy)
What is the word equation for anaerobic respiration in animals and plants
Glucose –> Lactic Acid
why do complex multicellular organisms require specialised breathing systems
As the size of an organism increases, its surface area to volume ratio decreases. This means it has relatively less surface area available for substances to diffuse through, so the rate of diffusion may not be fast enough to meet its cells requirements.
Large multicellular organisms therefore cannot rely on diffusion alone to supply their cells with substances such as food and oxygen and to remove waste products. Large multicellular organisms require specialised transport systems.
What is the structure of the thorax
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What is the mechanism of breathing in?
Diagram contracts
External intercostal muscles contract
Chest cavity increases
Chest cavity pressure decreases
Air moves from high to low pressure
Air moves from outside to inside our lungs
What is the mechanism of breathing out?
The internal intercostal muscles contract
the diagram relaxes
the chest cavity decreases
the pressure increases
air moves from high to low pressure
air moves from the lungs to outside
What is the difference in composition between inhaled and exhaled air.
Inhaled air has 21% of oxygen and 0.04% of carbon dioxide
Exhaled air has 17% of oxygen and 4% of carbon dioxide
What are the sight of gas exchange
The alveoli
how are the alveoli are adapted to perform the function of gas exchange.
Alveoli have a very large surface area to enable more diffusion of oxygen into the blood from the alveoli, and more carbon dioxide out of the blood into the alveoli.
They are only one cell thick so that the diffusion distance is small.
They have lots of blood capillaries to ensure a good blood supply to maintain concentration gradients of oxygen and carbon dioxide.
They have moist surfaces for gases to dissolve in to form a solution to pass through the
cell membrane.
What is the effect of exercise on breathing rate?
The amount of breaths per minute increases and the volume of air per breath also increases
why does breathing rate changes with and after exercise.
Muscles need energy to contract. While exercising, the muscles need additional energy as:
the breathing rate and volume of each breath increases to bring more oxygen into the body and remove the carbon dioxide produced
the heart rate increases, to supply the muscles with extra oxygen and remove the carbon dioxide produced