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A-level Chemistry (OCR Salters) > WM > Flashcards

WM Flashcards

1
Q

General formula of alcohols

A

ROH

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2
Q

General formula of aldehydes

A

RCHO

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3
Q

General formula of ketones

A

RCOR

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4
Q

General formula of carboxylic acids

A

RCOOH

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5
Q

General formula of acid anhydrides

A

(RCO)2O

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6
Q

General formula of esters

A

RCOOR

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7
Q

General formula of ethers

A

ROR

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8
Q

Structural formula of aldehydes

A 
O
      //
R--C
       \
        H
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9
Q

Structural formula of ketones

A 
R
   \
    C == O
   /
 R
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10
Q

Structural formula of carboxylic acids

A 
O
        //
R -- C
         \
        OH
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11
Q

Structural formula of acid anhydrides

A

R – C – O – C – R
|| ||
O O

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12
Q

Structural formula of esters

A

O
||
R – C – O – R

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13
Q

Structural formula of ethers

A

R – O – R

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14
Q

Suffix for alcohols

A

-ol

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15
Q

Suffix for aldehydes

A

-al

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16
Q

Suffix for ketones

A

-one

17
Q

Suffix for carboxylic acids

A

-oic acid

18
Q

Suffix for acid anhydrides

A

-oic anhydride

19
Q

Suffix for esters

A

-oate

20
Q

Suffix for ethers

A

-oxy-

21
Q

What can primary alcohols be oxidised in to?

A

Aldehydes and then carboxylic acids

22
Q

What can secondary alcohols be oxidised to?

A

Ketones

23
Q

What can tertiary alcohols be oxidised to?

A

Nothing. They can’t be oxidised

24
Q

How do you oxidise primary alcohols?

A

1) Gently heat ethanol with potassium(VI) diachromate solution and sulfuric acid in a flask to produce ethanal.
2) As theres lots of oxidising agent you need to remove aldehyde as soon as its formed by using a distillation apparatus.
3) To produce a carboxylic acid the alcohol has to vigorously oxidised by heating under reflux.

25
Q

What forms when you dehydrate an alcohol?

A

An alkene.

26
Q

What catalyst is used to oxidise ethanol?

A

Potassium(VI) diachromate solution

27
Q

What catalyst is used to dehydrate ethanol?

A

Pumice stone or aluminium oxide (Al2O3)

28
Q

How to dehydrate ethanol?

A
  • Ethanol vapour passed over hot catalyst (pumice stone or aluminium oxide).
    OR
  • Reflux ethanol with excess concentrated sulfuric acid at 170. Ethene produced is collected over water.
29
Q

What forms when alcohols react with carboxylic acids?

A

Esters

30
Q

What forms when alcohols react with acid anhydrides?

A

Esters

31
Q

How to test for phenols?

A 
Use iron(II) chloride solution.
Turn purple
32
Q

What forms when acid anhydrides react with phenols?

A

Esters

33
Q

Are phenols a strong or weak acid?

A

Weak

34
Q

Do phenols and carbonate solutions react? Why?

A

No as sodium carbonate isn’t a strong enough base to remove hydrogen ion.

A-level Chemistry (OCR Salters) (9 decks)

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