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A-level Chemistry (OCR Salters) > EL > Flashcards

EL Flashcards

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1
Q

Flame colour of lithium

A

Crimson

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2
Q

Flame colour of sodium

A

Orange-yellow

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3
Q

Flame colour of potassium

A

Lilac

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4
Q

Flame colour of calcium

A

Brick red

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5
Q

Flame colour of barium

A

Green

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6
Q

Flame colour of copper

A

Blue-green

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7
Q

How does a mass spectrometer work?

A

1) Vaporisation - sample turned into gas using an electric heater
2) Ionisation - gas particles bombarded with electrons which forms positive ions
3) Acceleration - positive ions accelerate by electric field
4) Detection - time taken for positive ions to reach detector measured

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8
Q

Relative mass of an electron

A

1/2000

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9
Q

Definition of empirical formula

A

Smallest whole number ratio of atoms in a compound

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10
Q

Definition of molecular formula

A

Actual number of atoms in a molecule

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11
Q

Colour change of methyl orange from acid to alkali

A

Yellow to red

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12
Q

Colour change of phenolphthalein from acid to alkali

A

Red to colourless

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13
Q

How does the solubility of a group 2 hydroxide change as you go down a group?

A

Increase

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14
Q

How does the solubility of a group 2 carbonate change as you go down a group?

A

Decreases

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15
Q

How does the thermal stability of a group 2 carbonates change as you go down a group?

A

Increases

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16
Q

Colour of copper carbonate precipitate

A

Blue-green

17
Q

Colour of silver carbonate precipitate

A

Yellow

18
Q

How to make insoluble salts?

A

Precipitate reactions

19
Q

How to make a soluble salt?

A

Metal oxide or isolines base
OR
Alkali

20
Q

Colour of silver precipitate in sodium hydroxide?

A

Brown

21
Q

Colour of calcium precipitate in sodium hydroxide?

A

White

22
Q

Colour of copper(II) precipitate in sodium hydroxide?

A

Blue

23
Q

Colour of lead(II) precipitate in sodium hydroxide?

A

White

24
Q

Colour of iron(II) precipitate in sodium hydroxide?

A

Green

25
Q

Colour of iron(III) precipitate in sodium hydroxide?

A

Reddish brown

26
Q

Colour of zinc precipitate in sodium hydroxide?

A

White at first.

Then redissolves in excess NaOH so colourless

27
Q

Colour of aluminium precipitate in sodium hydroxide

A

White at first.

Then redissolves in excess NaOH so colourless

28
Q

How to test for sulfates?

A

Add dilute HCl followed by barium chloride solution.

White precipitate forms

29
Q

How to test for ammonium compounds

A

Damp litmus paper will turn blue

30
Q

How to test for hydroxides

A

Dip a damp piece of litmus paper into solution

If hydroxide present, turn blue

31
Q

How to test for halides

A

Add silver nitrate
Chloride - white precipitate
Bromide - cream precipitate
Iodide - yellow precipitate

32
Q

How to test for nitrates

A

1) Warm solution with sodium hydroxide solution and aluminium foil.
2) Aluminium reduces nitrate ion to ammonium ions.
3) Ammonium ions react with hydroxide ion to produce ammonia has and water.
4) If ammonia is give off, nitrate present.
5) Test for ammonia has by using damp red litmus paper, it’ll go blue

33
Q

How to carry out a flame test

A
  • Dip nichrome wire loop in concentrated hydrochloride acid
  • Dip wire loop into sample
  • Hold the loop in the clear part of the flame
  • Observe the colour change of the flame

A-level Chemistry (OCR Salters) (9 decks)

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