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Bio 310 > WLF 440 > Flashcards

WLF 440 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Who is considered the father of conservation biology?

A

Michael Soule

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2
Q

Why is reverend FO morris an important figure in the development of the discipline of Conservation biology?

A

recognized decline in shorebirds due to hunting and promoted an early conservation ethic

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3
Q

Which of the following was NOT a noted figure in the romantic-transandentle tradition?

A

John James Audobon

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4
Q

Which of the following is one of the normative postulates of conservation biology?

A
  1. Biological Diversity is good and should be preserved
  2. Untimely extinctions are bad
  3. Evolution and variation is good
  4. Ecological complexity should be maintained
  5. Biotic diversity has intrinsic value
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5
Q

Which of the following is definable as “ways in which we as human beings receive direct or indirect benefit from biological diversity. In theory, these could be quantified in an economic model

A

instrumental value

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6
Q

Which of kellerts values can be described as follows; definition; strong emotional attachment and love
Funtion; bonding, sharing, companionship

A

humanistic

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7
Q

Biocentrism ethic

A

our moral obligation extends beyond humans to include all living beings. This obligation is direct, not merely indirect obligation to the living beings via humans.

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8
Q

What type of sociological survey is required under the National Enviromental Policy Act? (NEPA)

A

Biodiversity valuation

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9
Q

What do you call a trait shared by related organisms and not observed outside the group?

A

clade

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10
Q

Attributes of biodiversity from the NOSS diagram

A
  • Functional
  • Structural
  • Compositional
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11
Q

Kuznets curve
X=
Y=

A

X= Per capita income
Y= Enviromental Degredation
Bell curve: left enviro worsens, right improves

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12
Q

Which species definition is associated with the concepts of rewilding?

A

ecological species

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13
Q

What US law utilizes the concept of the “evolutionary significant unit’ ESU

A

endangered species act

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14
Q

From brooks paper, what does ‘EBA’ mean?

A

Endemic Bird Area

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15
Q

What is a tipui?

A

a sky island

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16
Q

The palouse prarie is a unique and critical category of habitat according to what global metric for prioritizing biodiversity conservation

A

Ecoregion

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17
Q

What does the shannan index tell us

A

annon diversity index to a value between 0 and 1. Note that lower values indicate more diversity while higher values indicate less diversity. Specifically, an index value of 1 means that all groups have the same frequency.

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18
Q

Species richness equation

A

umber of species found in a sample. … D = s √N where s equals the number of different species represented in your sample, and N equals the total number of individual organisms in your sample.

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19
Q

What defines a hot spot other than having 1500 plant species?

A

a region must have lost at least 70 percent of its original natural vegetation, usually due to human activity.

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20
Q

Three origins of conservation biology in history

A
  1. Indigenous nation
    - easter island, people here used fire as an advantage
  2. Expresssion of privlage
    - game parks for hiking
  3. Preservation of landscapes
    - national parks and reserves
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21
Q

What is a crisis discipline?

A

threats are so fast moving that decisions are forced to to make decisions without data or enough info

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22
Q

Whats the issue with crisis disciplines?

A

Hard to justify decision to stakeholders.

decsions may be incorrect and irreversable

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23
Q

The 4 normative postulates

A

Biodiversity is good
evolution is good
complexity is good
biodiversity has intrinsic value

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24
Q

IUCN 3 categoires

A

critically endangered
endangered
vulnerable

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25
Q

IUCN

A

International Union for Conservation of Nature

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26
Q

NEPA (National Policy Act)

A

The first key piece of enviromental legislation. Signed under nixon admin. Reqires federal projects to be reviewed for environmental impacts

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27
Q

CatEx

A

Catagorical Exclusion

No significant impact therefore no further review

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28
Q

EA + FONSI

A

Enviromental Assessment. and Finding of NO Significant Impact
a concise list of activities and alternatives. Public can review.

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29
Q

DEIS, FEIS+ ROD

A

when it leads to significant enviromental impacts, must have a Draft and final Enviromental Impact Statement. Must show ways to mitigate or find alternatives. Record of Decision is part of the final

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30
Q

Weakness of NEPA

A

no public participation, just feedback

Decison does not have to be the least environmental impact

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31
Q

Magnuson- Stevens Fishery

A

promotes sustainable fish and marine resource
8 management councils
no fishing 200 miles off US coast

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32
Q

Marine Mammal Protection Act

A

concervvation for marine mammals

NOAA fisheries implemented

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33
Q

Migratory Birds Act

A

Illegal to kill or take migratory birds

34
Q

Clean air and water act

A

rollbacks due to trump admin

35
Q

ESA

A

Endangered species act.
Origiannly in 1966 5 million for habitat list of species from interior secretary
1972 strengthened and removed loopholes
ecosystem preservation federal offence

36
Q

Snail Darter Case

A

a small fish in tenesee stopped a 78 million dollar hydropower project
Demonstrated the power of the act and not just for charismatic species or overruled my money

37
Q

God Squad

A

comittee formed after snail darted case to possibly overrule ESA protection in instances of economic conflict

38
Q

Vertebrates, invertebrates and plants

A

Vertebrates: listed at the distinct population level
Animals are protected on public and private land
Plants only on public or if permits are involved
Hybrids case by case
main 3 can be listed at species and subspecies level

39
Q

Mann and Plummer

A

play god

40
Q

Alpha DIversity

A

Diversity within one single site

41
Q

Species Richness

A

total number of species not individuals

42
Q

Dissimmilarity

A 
1= completely different
0= identical
43
Q

Phylogenetically unique

A

unique genetic lineage like playpus or coelacanth

44
Q

Biologically sensitive species

A

mayflies, stoneflies etc utilized in EPT index

45
Q

Flagship Species

A

Symbos for public awareness such as panda bear

46
Q

Noss et al 3 categories

A

Structural, functional and compositional

47
Q

4 levels of Noss paper

A

Genetic (center)
Population/species
community/ ecosystem
Landscape

48
Q

Elrich Identity

A

relationship between popluation size, affluence and technological development
Impact = pop X affluence X technology

49
Q

Noss Examples

A

Genetic: interbreeding/ depression
Pop/species: fertility, sex ratio
Community/ ecosystem: fire frequency and intensity
Landscape: soil nutrient cycling

50
Q

Biological Species Concept

A

reporductively isolated from others because of interbreeding

51
Q

Limitations of BSC

A

some species can interbreed (LIGER, ASS, Mexican wolves and coyotes)
some don’t breed sexually

52
Q

Ecologicaly Species concept

A

species that inhabit the same place and perform the same niche

53
Q

Limitations of the ESC

A

ignores patterns of evolution. niches and roles are hard to define because they may be more critical than thought

54
Q

Synapomorphy

A

triai shared by a clade of related organisms and not observed outside that clade.

55
Q

Unified Species Concept

A

trats species as segments of seperately evolving metapopulations

56
Q

evolutionary significant unit

A

a population of organisms considered distinct for purposed of conservation

57
Q

Value vs ethic

A

Value: general basis for estimating worth
Ethic: systematic organization of value

58
Q

3 values

A

Instrumental, intrinsic and no use

59
Q

Instrumental value

A

how humans recieve direct or indirect benefit from biological diversity

60
Q

Intrinsic value

A

assign value to nature that has no human benefit

61
Q

No use value

A

no consumption of natural resources

62
Q

three of kellerts values

A

Aesthetic, humanistic, dominionistic

63
Q

Aesthetic value

A

physical appeal and beauty of nature

inspiration, harmony and security

64
Q

Humanistic

A

strong emotinal attatchment and love

bonding, sharing and companionship

65
Q

Dominionistic

A

Mastery, physical control and dominance

mechanical skills, prowess subdue

66
Q

Judeo Christian stweardship

A

Gods creation is good and we much protect it

67
Q

Ecocentrism

A

the interconnected system has intrinsic value and we are a part of it. Aldo leopold

68
Q

Biocentrism

A

all living things have inherent moral worth

underpinning of the animal rights movement

69
Q

AFONSI

A

enviromental assesment

70
Q

Cites

A

Convention on International trade in endangered species

71
Q

CITES three categories

A

Appendix 1: no trade at all
Appendix 2: not limited, potential endangerment, non detrimental take permot
Appendix 3: protected in specific countries

72
Q

Sociological surveys (2)

A

Cost benefit: asses costs and weigh against potential benefit
Willingness to pay: how much consumers would pay for a benefit to see how valuable it is

73
Q

3 CATEGORIES OF RED LIST

A

critictally engandered, endangered and vulnerable

74
Q

What is needed for it to be listed critically endangered, endangered or vulnerable

A

CE: >= 90% reduction in population size
E: >=70%
V:>=50%
all must need to know the cause of decline and how to mitigate. OVER 10 years or 3 Generations

75
Q

Habitat Conservation program

A

private or coorperation on land as host a currently listed threatened or endangered species

76
Q

Candidate conservation agreement

A

not yet listed species but is working to prevent its future listing.

77
Q

Three of Brooks Biodivrsity Prioritaztion

A

CE: Crisis Ecoregion (reactive)
BH: Biodiversity hotspots (reactive top)
EBA: Endemic Bird area (both)

78
Q

Crisis Ecoregion

A

threat to biodiversity plants and aniamls

79
Q

Biodiversity hotspot

A

significant levels of biodiversity but threatened due to human habitation

80
Q

Endemic Bird Area

A

areas where endemic birds are protected

Bio 310 (4 decks)

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