WK9 Flashcards
Involved in humoral immunity ________
Activated ________ become plasma cells that synthesize and secrete antibodies
Involved with cell-mediated immunity _________
Specific antigen recognition _________
Delayed hypersensitivity reactions __________
B Lymphocytes
B Lymphocytes
T Lymphocytes
Both B and T
T Lymphocytes
Movement of polymorphoneuclear cells (PMN) toward factors released from the injured site. This describes what:
Chemotaxis
___________are the first line of defense from the bloodstream.
____________are the second cell from the bloodstream for defense.
Neutrophils/ PMN’s
Monocyte- Macrophages
Basophils and mast cells are involved with allergic reactions (immediate hypersensitivity reactions). These cells contain large granules filled with histamine. The release of histamine causes;
bronchioconstriction, vasodilation, endothelial contraction ( increased vascular permeability), mucus secretion
There are possible contraindications for exercise based on the lab values of white blood cells and absolute granulocytes. What are those lab values:
White Blood Cell: <5000-3000
Absolute: <2500
The overactivity of the immune system is known as hypersensitivity reactions. Please describe the four different types of hypersensitivity reactions.
Immediate hypersensitivity: Type I
Cytotoxic: Type II
Immune Complex Disease: Type III
Cell Mediated Immunity/ delayed hypersensitivity: Type IV
Both Type II and Type III hypersensitivities are seen in certain autoimmune diseases. One distinguishing factor between these two types of hypersensitivities is the location of the antigen. What are those locations.
Surface Antigen: Type II
Circulating Antigen: Type III
Poison ivy reactions occur well after exposure. This is an example of __________ hypersensitivity, which is also known as the ___________.
Type IV, delayed- type hypersensitivity
There are several important PT implications for hypersensitivity disorders. For example, _________ involves a whole body reaction which is possibly a medical emergency. Another example is ________ hypersensitivity where use of ultrasound gels, lotions, or latex could cause this reaction and anyone with this type of hypersensitivity should avoid use of topical agents.
Type I, Type IV
Anaphylactic shock is a whole body allergic reaction which is an emergency situation. This type of allergic reaction is classified as a ________hypersensitivity .
Type I
Signs and symptoms of Myasthenia Gravis include (select all that apply):
muscle fatigability, proximal muscle weakness aggravated by exertion, dysarthria, ptosis, diplopia, alteration in voice quality, dysphagia
Bilateral muscular weakness progressing from the legs to the arms, then to the chest and neck. This distal to proximal progression of weakness is a hallmark sign and symptom of:
Gullian- Barre Syndrome
(T/F) The peak incidence of Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is teens to 35 years old. After 35 the incidence decreases.
True
Multiple Sclerosis is characterized by plaques (or lesions) in the brain which are detectable through imaging. Since the lesions are in the brain, central nervous signs and symptoms of patient’s with MS can include central nervous (select all that apply)
fatigue, spasticity, increased deep tendon reflexes, incoordination, bowel and bladder dysfunctions, ataxia, speech impairments, visual disturbances
A hallmark sign and symptom of ___________ is a skin rash on the face in the shape/pattern of a butterfly
Lupus
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) has significant systemic consequences. As such it can affect :
the skin, joints and muscles, the lungs, the CV system, the kidneys, the CNS
Please match the types of transplant grafts with the proper definition: autograft, isograft, allograft, xenograft
autograft: graft from the same person
isograft: graft from another person
allograft: graft from same species ( cadaver )
xenograft: graft from different species
(T/F) RA is an autoimmune disease:
True
Ankylosis (immobility and consolidation or fusion) of the sacroiliac joints and spine is a late sign and symptom of:
Ankylosing Spondylitis
85% of __________ is seen due to hyperthyroidism
Grave’s Disease
(T/F) Signs and symptoms of AIDS includes CNS disorder (also known as neurologic sequelae) which can include memory loss, incoordination, poor balance, unsteady gait, ataxia, lower extremity weakness and partial paralysis
True
Hallmarks of RA
morning stiffness, symmetric joint swelling, subcutaneous nodules over bony prominence’s, muscle atrophy
