Wk5 L1 - Anatomy of the Lower limb

Question 1

LO

Answer 1

• Identify the major bones and joints of the lower limb, and the parts of the body to which they contribute
• Classify each joint of the lower limb according to its structural and functional classification
• Understand how the movement of each joint contributes to the walking cycle, and the group of muscles responsible for that movement
• Identify some of the major muscles of the lower limb and describe their actions
• Describe the motor innervation of the major nerves within the lower limb
• Give an example of a major artery and vein in the thigh.

Question 2

Parts of the lower limb

Answer 2

Thigh:
- Hip joint to Knee joint

Leg:
- Knee joint to Ankle joint

Foot:
- Distal of ankle joint

Question 3

Bones of the lower limb

Answer 3

Pelvic girdle:
- Both hip bones

Femur
Patella
Tibia
Fibula
Tarsals (7)
Metatarsals (5)
Phalanges (14)

Question 4

Joints of lower limb

Answer 4

All are synovial except:
* Inferior tibiofibular joint (fibrous)
* Pubic symphysis (cartilagenous)

Hip
Knee
Ankle
Subtalar
Intertarsal
Tarsometatartal
Metatarsophalangeal
Interphalangeal

Question 5

Hip Joint

Answer 5

Acetabulum
Hip bone and femur
Ball and socket
Flex/ext
Abd/ Add
Med/ Lat rotation

Question 6

Knee Joint

Answer 6

Distal Femur and proximal tibia
Hinge joint
- ‘modified’ can slightly rotate when fully extended

Question 7

Ankle Joint

Answer 7

Distal tibia and distal fibula and talus
Hinge joint
Dorsiflexion and plantarflexion

Question 8

Subtalar joint

Answer 8

Talus and calcaneus
Plane joint
Inversion and eversion

Question 9

Intertarsal joint

Answer 9

Plane

Question 10

Tarsometatarsal joint

Answer 10

plane

Question 11

Metatarsophalangeal joint

Answer 11

condyloid

Question 12

Intertphalangeal

Answer 12

Hinge

Question 13

Selected muscles of the hip joint

Answer 13

Anterior:
Iliopsoas
- Flexes hip joint
- Comes off psoas and iliacus

Posterior:
Gluteus maximus
- Extents hip

Gluteus medius
- Abducts hip joint

Gluteus minimus
- Deep to medius
- Abducts hip joint

Question 14

Selected muscles of thigh

Answer 14

Anterior:
Quadriceps femoris
- Recrus femoris
- Vastus medialis, lateralis and intermedialis (extend knee)

Posterior:
Hamstrings: (flex hip and extend knee)
- Biceps femoris (2 bellies, laterally past knee)
- Semitendinosus (medially past knee)
- Semimembranosus (Deep to semitendinosus)

Question 15

Deep muscles of leg

Answer 15

Superficial posterior:
Gastrocnemius
- 2 bellies
- Flex knee and plantarflexion of ankle

Soleus
- Plantarflexion of ankle
- Deep to gastrocnemius

Deep Posterior:
Flexor digitorum longus
- Flex interphalangeal, metatarsophalangeal joints
- Plantarflex ankle

Flexor hallucis longus
- Flex interphalangeal and metatarsal joints of big toe
- Plantarflexion of ankle

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Question 16

Anterior and lateral muscles of leg

Answer 16

Anterior:
Tibialis Anterior
- Dorsiflexion ankle and invert foot

Extensor Digitorum Longus
- Extend interphalangeal, metatarsophalangeal joints
- Dorsiflex ankle

Lateral:
Peroneus Longus (Fibularis Longus)
- Evert foot and plantarflexion ankle

Question 17

Intrinsic muscles of the foot

Answer 17

Along with ligaments, they help maintain the arches of the foot and absorb stress

Question 18

Walking cycle and the different mucles

Answer 18

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Question 19

Major nerves of the lower limb

Answer 19

Femoral nerve:
- Motor supply to muscles of anterior thigh
- Branches just distal to hip joint

Sciatic nerve:
- Posterior of thigh
- Made up of tibial and common peroneal nerve

Tibial nerve:
- Bigger than CPN
Motor supply to:
- posterior thigh
- posterior leg
- plantar intrinsic foot

Common Peroneal Nerve:
Motor supply to:
- anterior leg
- lateral leg
- dorsal intrinsic foot

Question 20

Major vessels of the lower limb

Answer 20

Femoral artery:
- Medial to femoral nerve
- Deep
- next to femoral vein

Femoral vein
- Deep venous system:
- next to femoral artery

Great saphenous vein
- Superficial venous system:

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