Wk1 L1- Intro to Anatomy Flashcards
LO
- Describe how anatomy and histology contribute to the understanding of the structural organisation of the body
- Understand the basic features of structures in the body such as skin, bone, cartilage, joints, muscle and vessels
- Define commonly used positional and directional terms in anatomy
Vital Signs
Heart rate
Blood pressure
Body temp.
Respiration rate
Pain
History of anatomy
Andreas Vesalius (1514-1564)
- Born in Brussels
- “Founder of Anatomy”
- Published detailed disection book
Types of Tissues
Epithelial:
- Almost all cells, barely extra cellular material
- Covers surfaces and lines internal structures
Connective:
- Cells are seperated by extracellular material
Muscle:
- Contractile responsible for movement
Neural:
- Conduct signals
Positional Terminology (planes)
Coronal plane
- Vertical, dividing front and back
Sagital plane
- Vertical, dividing left and right
Transverse plane
- Horizontal, dividing top and bottom
Positional terminology
- Anterior & Posterior
- Medial & Lateral
- Superior & Inferior
- Proximal & Distal
- Deep & Superficial
Skin
- Collection of tissues
Epidermis (epithelial tissue)
- Innermost layer
- Protective (old cells pushed to surface)
- No blood vessels
- Hair, sweat glands, subaceous glands, nails
Dermis (Connective tissue)
- Contains collagen and elastin fibres, vessels, nerves and sensory receptors
Bone
- Skeletal system
- Blood supply and nerves
- High mineralisation gives strength
- Collagen gives elasticity
Bone organisation
Cortical Bone
- Covers surface
- Thick in long bones shaft
- Light and resistant to bending
- Not brittle
Cancellous (trabecular) Bone:
- Deep to cortical
- Arranged along lines of stress to absorb impact
Catilage
- Connective tissue
- Different types
- Little to no blood supply
Joints
- Where two bones articulate
- Often held in place by ligaments
3 types: - Fibrous (skull)
- Cartilagenous (Intervetral disks)
- Synovial (Hip)
Muscle
- Contract to move
3 types: - Skeletal
- Cardiac
- Smooth
Nerve
- Functional unit of NS
- Brain <-> Body
- Collection of axons or nerve fibres
Blood vessel
Artery (Heart to Body)
Vein (Body to Heart)
Capillary (blood exchange between veins and arteries)
Viscera
- Internal organs
- Refulate the internal environment of body by hormones and autonomic nerves
