Wk4 - Neurological Assessment Flashcards
3 common neurological diseases are:
- Parkinson’s disease
- Stroke
- Alzheimer’s disease
What is the purpose of the nervous system?
- control all body functions
* control all thought processes
What are the tasks of the nervous system?
- maintains homeostasis
- receives, interprets and reacts to stimuli
- controls voluntary/ involuntary processes/ cognition
What are the protective layers of the CNS?
- Scalp
- Skull
- Spinal column: Meninges
What does the spinal column consist of?
Meninges:
- ) dura matter
- ) arachnoid matter
- ) pia matter
What are the lobes of the cerebrum?
- Parietal lobe - sense of touch, awareness of relationships, reading
- Occipital lobe - vision
- Temporal lobe - memory, hearing, language, processing info
- Frontal lobe - problem solving, emotional control, moving, talking
What does the cerebellum do?
controls balance, coordination, skilled motor activity
What does the brainstem do?
controls breathing, heart rate, sleep
What does the cross-section of a spinal cord reveal?
- Gray matter
- White matter
- Dorsal horn
- Ventral horn
What is the difference between gray matter and white matter including:
FUNCTION
CONSISTS OF
COLOUR
Gray matter
FUNCTION: processing
CONSISTS OF: nerve cell bodies
COLOUR: Gray because gray nuclei
White matter
FUNCTION: allows communication from gray matter to other parts of the body
CONSISTS OF: fibres and extended axons
COLOUR: White because of white myelinated sheath
How many spinal nerves are there?
31 pairs 8 cervical 12 thoracic 5 lumbar 5 saccral 1 coccygeal
What are the steps of the motor and sensory pathway?
- ) receptor : skin
- ) sensory neuron
- ) integration centre
- ) motor neuron
- ) effector
How many cranial nerves are there?
12 cranial nerves
Olfactory, Optic, Oculomotor, Trochlear, Trigeminal, Abducens, Facial, Acoustic, Glossopharyngeal, Vagus, Spinal accessory, Hypoglossal
ANS is divided into 2 functional subdivisions which are:
Sympathetic (fight or flight)
Parasympathetic (rest or digest)
What is a reflex?
specific response to an adequate stimulus and occurs unconsciously
Assessment of Neurological Sys includes:
Assessment of:
- LOC
- Sensation
- Cranial nerves
- Motor function
What assessments can be done for the LOC?
- Glasgow coma scale
- Motor responses/ strength
What do cognitive assessments consist of? (3)
Assessment of:
- Communication (ability to read, follow simple commands, rate of speech)
- Cognitive abilities and mentation: attention, memory, calculation
- Physical appearance: posture, movements, symmetry of facial expressions
What are the vital centres of the medulla?
- ) Respiratory centre - controls rate and depth of breathing
- ) Cardiac centre - regulates heart beat
- ) Vasomotor centre - regulates blood pressure by controlling diameter of blood vessels
