Wk3 Endo

Question 2

Term

Answer 2

Definition

Question 3

primitive gut

Answer 3

The largely undifferentiated embryonic gastrointestinal tract

Question 4

diverticulum

Answer 4

A pouch from a tube, as in the pouches on the primitive gut which become endodermal organs

Question 5

head fold

Answer 5

The fold which takes the future heart and head ventrad after the gastrula stage

Question 6

tail fold

Answer 6

The fold opposite the head fold

Question 7

lateral folds

Answer 7

The folds on the left and right side of the embryo forming at the same time as head and tail folds

Question 8

foregut

Answer 8

The gut and its derivatives from the mouth to mid-duodenum. Blood supplied by celiac artery

Question 9

midgut

Answer 9

The gut from the inferior duodenum to first two-thirds of the transverse colon. Blood supplied by superior mesenteric artery

Question 10

hindgut

Answer 10

The gut from the last third of the transverse colon to the anus. Blood supplied by inferior mesenteric artery.

Question 11

oropharyngeal membrane

Answer 11

The membrane that initially seals the anterior end of the gut tube shut at the mouth

Question 12

cloacal membrane

Answer 12

The membrane that initially seals the posterior end of the gut tube shut at the cloaca

Question 13

lateral plate mesoderm

Answer 13

The most lateral embryonic mesoderm, consisting of a dorsal leaflet of somatic mesoderm separated by the coelom from the more ventral splanchnic mesoderm

Question 14

splanchnic mesoderm

Answer 14

The ventral leaflet of lateral plate mesoderm which gives rise to the dorsal mesentery and the connective tissue and smooth muscle associated with the gut. Also gives rise to the heart and blood vessels

Question 15

somatic mesoderm

Answer 15

The dorsal leaflet of lateral plate mesoderm which gives rise to the body wall, the sternum and ventral dermis. Also gives rise to the pericardium.

Question 16

coelom

Answer 16

The embryonic cavity in the lateral plate mesoderm which gives rise to the pericardial, pleural and peritoneal cavities.

Question 17

mesentery

Answer 17

Connective tissue which suspends the primitive gut from the body wall in the body cavity.

Question 18

neural crest

Answer 18

A highly migratory cell type deriving from the neural folds and generating a diverse array of cell types throughout the body, including the enteric nervous system.

Question 19

enteric nervous system

Answer 19

The nervous system consisting of neurons with their cell bodies in the gut. Derived from the neural crest, it controls peristalsis.

Question 20

pharynx

Answer 20

The early, undivided future trachea and esophagus

Question 21

alpha-fetoprotein

Answer 21

A serum albumin-like protein made by the yolk sac and fetal liver.

Question 22

peritoneum

Answer 22

The visceral cavity inferior to the diaphragm

Question 23

retroperitoneal

Answer 23

Lying dorsal to the dorsal wall of the peritoneum.

Question 24

allantois

Answer 24

A diverticulum of the primitive gut which becomes incorporated into the umbilicus. In the embryos of birds and reptiles, it stores nitrogenous waste.

Question 25

umbilicus

Answer 25

The connection between the fetus and the placenta, covered by a derivative of the amnion, incorporating the yolk sac, allantois and connecting stalk. The umbilical arteries and vein run through it.

Question 26

urorectal septum

Answer 26

The septum which divides the cloaca into the urogenital sinus and rectum and divides the cloacal membrane into the urogenital membrane and anal membrane generating the perineum.

Question 27

urogenital sinus

Answer 27

After division of the cloaca, the urogenital cavity, later contributing to bladder and urethra

Question 28

cloaca

Answer 28

The transient common vestibule for products of the kidneys, gut and gonads. An adult structure in birds and reptiles.

Question 29

stenosis

Answer 29

Abnormal narrowing of a channel.

Question 30

atresia

Answer 30

Absence through degeneration.

Question 31

fistula

Answer 31

An abnormal passage or channel.