WK1_7 Stem Cells Flashcards
totipotency
the potential of a single cell to develop into a total organism
pluripotency
a cell’s capacity to give rise to all cell types in the body but not to the supporting structures, such as the placenta, amnion, and chorion, all of which are needed fro the development of an organism
unipotency
a cell’s capacity to give rise to only one cell type
multipotency
a cell’s capacity to give rise to a small number of different cell types
iPS (induced pluripotent stem) cells
are engineered cells derived from somatic cells that resemble embryonic stem (ES) cells
criteria to establish a stem cell line:
- forms an embryoid body
- forms a teratoma-type tumor when implanted into immunodeficient mice
- forms a chimera when implanted into early embryo
what are the advantages of patient specific iPS cell lines? (3)
- differentiated cells will be a perfect immunological match to the donor, permitting grafting back without the use of immunosuppressive drugs
- permits treatment of genetic diseases or cancers
- tumor formation represent major concern due to mechanisms of viral gene insertion. host genes may be interrupted. in addition, silenced genes may be reactivated.
what are the potential therapies using pluripotent stem cells (ES or iPS) for diabetes?
- from differentiated beta cells in vitro, and introduce through hepatic portal vein to lodge into liver
- iPS cell line can be a genetic match, alleviating need for immunosuppression
what are the alternative therapies for Parkinson’s disease?
administration of L-DOPA and deep brain electrical stimulation may prove more effective
what are the potential therapies using pluripotent stem cells (ES or iPS) for spinal repair?
demyelinating cells to treat spinal trauma
what are the potential therapies using pluripotent stem cells (ES or iPS) for vision (macular degeneration)?
- clinical trials involved goal of demonstrating safety
- immunoprivileged nature of eye avoids issues of tolerance to foreign antigens
- low doses possible due to local focus of disease
post-mitotic tissue
- muscle and neuronal
- nondividing cells and contain few or NO stem cells
- skeletal muscel contains satellite cells critical for regeneration
expanding tissue
- liver, kidney, thyroid
- undergo an expansion only during juvenile growth and possess some stem cells that can generate new cells to repopulate tissues
renewal cells
- epitheial lining of intestine, stomach, epidermis of skin, testes, and hematopoietic system
- undergo continual replacement
mRNA gene expression increases indicate _____ for pathways involved in proliferation, migration, and receptor signaling
upregulation
